The following hints are only intended as
a reminder to assist you when in doubt.
TO STOP BLEEDING.--Place a pad of clean
cloth on the wound and bandage firmly.
Raise the part affected. If raising the limbs
or applying the pad does not control the
bleeding, compress with your two thumbs
over bone and as near the wound as
possible. Give no stimulants as long as
bleeding remains uncontrolled.
BURNS AND SCALDS.--Exclude the part
from the air at once, by dusting flour on it
and covering with cotton wool. If there
is a blister do NOT pick it for 24 hours.
Soothing applications are Carron Oil,
Salad Oil, Vaseline, Lard, etc. If there is
severe shock, give it immediate attention,
even before attending to the burn or scald.
FRACTURES.--The two main classes of
fractures are simple and compound and the
first aid treatment you give is to prevent
the simple fracture from becoming the more
serious compound fracture, which has a
wound caused by the jagged end of the
broken bone.
Attend to the patient on the spot, and fix
the injured limb, at once, by splints and
bandages. Use great gentleness.
If there is a wound, cleanse it and
apply antiseptic dressing before putting limb
in splints.
Disturb the limb as little as possible and
make the patient comfortable until arrival
of doctor.
SNAKE BITES.--Tie something tightly
around the limb, between the wound and
the heart. Give patient a good dose of
brandy or some other spirit.
Encourage the bleeding by squeezing the
bitten part and bathe with warm water. If
breathing is bad, use artificial respiration.
POISONS.--In the first place endeavor to
find out the poison. If you cannot, and
there are no stains about mouth or lips and
no burning sensation in mouth and throat,
give an emetic or tickle throat to make
patient vomit. Emetics are: three-teaspoonfuls
of mustard in pint of tepid water; salt
and water, two tablespoonfuls to pint of
warm water. (See First Aid for Poisoning.)
When there are stains, etc., give cream,
white of eggs, olive or linseed oil (no oil
with phosphorus poisoning). Antidotes to follow.
GRIT IN THE EYE.--Do not rub the
injured eye. By rubbing the other eye you
will bring tears, which may wash the grit
out. If not, roll back the upper eyelid over
a match or pencil, and remove the grit with
the corner of your handkerchief or small
camel hair brush.
If lime in eye, wash out at once with
water, then drop olive or castor oil between
the lids.
Do not attempt to remove anything deeply
imbedded--drop in olive oil and bandage.
FAINTING---The patient is very faint and
partially or completely unconscious. Pulse
is weak and rapid and breathing quickened.
No convulsions.
Place the patient in a lying position with
the head lower than the rest of the body.
Loosen his clothing at neck and chest. Give
patient plenty of fresh air. Sprinkle face
and chest with cold water and apply smelling
salts to nose. Rub the limbs toward
body. Give stimulant when patient is able
to swallow.
SPRAINS.--A sprain is the tearing of the
ligaments or capsule of a joint and
bursting of small blood vessels, and swelling.
Apply cold water dressings as long as
they give comfort, and afterwards apply
hot fomentations. Rest the part in an easy
position. If movement of limb be essential,
bandage it tightly. If in doubt, treat
as a fracture.
[*]FRENCH MONEY
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