Later Attempts in Georgia.
1740.
May 18th, 1740, John Hagen arrived in Savannah. He had come over
intending to go as missionary to the Cherokees, and his disappointment
in finding that the Moravians had abandoned Georgia is another example
of the enormous difficulty under which mission work was conducted in
those days, when the most momentous events might transpire months before
the authorities at home could be apprised of them.
Hagen had become very ill on the way from Charleston to Savannah,
and with none of his own people to turn to he bethought himself of
Whitefield’s offers of friendship, and went to his house. He was kindly
received by those who were living there, and though he went down to the
gates of death the portals did not open, and he rapidly regained his
health.
Visiting Irene he found only a few Indian women, for Tomochichi was
dead, and the men were all on the warpath. The opportunity of going to
the Cherokees seemed very doubtful, for there were none living nearer
than three hundred miles, and distances looked much greater in the
Georgia forests than in his own populous Germany. So he concluded to
accept the kind offers of Whitefield’s household, and stay with them,
making himself useful in the garden, and doing such religious work as
he was able. Several Germans living in the town, who had learned to like
the Moravians, asked him to hold services for them, to which he gladly
agreed.
He was much pleased with the prospect for work in Savannah, where the
people had been greatly stirred by Whitefield’s preaching, and he wrote
to Herrnhut urging that two married couples be sent to help reap the
harvest, a request warmly seconded by Whitefield, who had returned to
Savannah on June 16th. Whitefield reported the Moravians busily engaged
in erecting a Negro school-house for him in Pennsylvania, and told Hagen
he would like to have the two couples come to assist him in carrying out
his large plans for Georgia.
But by the 14th of August this invitation had been withdrawn, Hagen
had left Whitefield’s house, and had been refused work on Whitefield’s
plantation, for fear that he might contaminate the Whitefield converts.
The trouble arose over a discussion on Predestination,--not the first or
last time this has happened,--and the two men found themselves utterly
at variance, for Whitefield held the extreme Calvinistic view, while
Hagen argued that all men who would might be saved. Hagen therefore went
to the home of John Brownfield, who shared his views, and made him
very welcome, and from there carried on his work among the residents of
Savannah and Purisburg.
Whitefield returned to Pennsylvania in November, 1740, nursing his
wrath against Hagen, and finding Boehler to be of the same mind,
he peremptorily ordered the Moravians to leave his land. Neighbors
interfered, and cried shame on him for turning the little company adrift
in the depth of winter, and he finally agreed to let them stay for
a while in the log cabin which was sheltering them while they were
building the large stone house. The opportune arrival of Bishop
Nitschmann and his company, and the purchase of the Bethlehem tract,
soon relieved them from their uncomfortable position, and later the
Nazareth tract was bought from Whitefield, and the work they had begun
for him was completed for their own use.
Whitefield, in after years, rather excused himself for his first
harshness toward the Moravians, but a letter written by him to a friend
in 1742, is a good statement of the armed truce which existed among the
great religious leaders of that day. “Where the spirit of God is in any
great degree, there will be union of avail, tho’ there may be difference
in sentiments. This I have learnt, my dear Brother, by happy experience,
and find great freedom and peace in my soul thereby. This makes me love
the Moravian Brethren tho’ I cannot agree with them in many of their
principles. I cannot look upon them as willful deceivers, but as persons
who hazard their lives for the sake of the Gospel. Mr. Wesley is as
certainly wrong in some things as they, and Mr. Law as wrong also. Yet
I believe both Mr. Law and Mr. Wesley and Count Zinzendorf will shine
bright in Glory. I have not given way to the Moravian Brethren, nor any
other who I thought were in the wrong, no, not for one hour. But I think
it best not to dispute when there is no probability of convincing.”
Hagen remained in Savannah until February, 1742, when he went to
Bethlehem, accompanied by Abraham Bueninger, of Purisburg, who entered
the Moravian ministry in 1742, and labored among the Indians, the white
settlers, and in the West Indies.
Nine more residents of Georgia followed the Moravians to Bethlehem in
1745, John Brownfield, James Burnside and his daughter Rebecca, Henry
Ferdinand Beck, his wife Barbara, their daughter Maria Christina, and
their sons Jonathan and David, all of Savannah, and Anna Catharine
Kremper, of Purisburg. All of these served faithfully in various
important offices, and were valuable fruit of the efforts in Georgia.
John Hagen was appointed Warden of the Nazareth congregation, when it
was organized; and died at Shamokin in 1747.
1746.
General Oglethorpe was much impressed by the industry of the Moravians
in Savannah, and was sorry to see them leave the Province. In October,
1746, therefore, he proposed to Count Zinzendorf that a new attempt
should be made further up the Savannah River. He offered to give them
five hundred and twenty-six acres near Purisburg, and to arrange for
two men to be stationed in Augusta, either as licensed Traders, for many
Indians came there, or as Schoolmasters.
Zinzendorf thought well of the plan, and accepted the tract, which
Oglethorpe deeded to him Nov. 1st, 1746, the land lying on the Carolina
side of the Savannah River, adjoining the township of Purisburg, where
Boehler and Schulius had made many friends.
No colonists, however, were sent over, and the title to the land lapsed
for lack of occupancy, as that to Old Fort, on the Ogeechee, had already
done.
1774.
Early in 1774, Mr. Knox, Under-Secretary of State in London, asked for
missionaries to preach the Gospel to the slaves on his plantation in
Georgia. He offered a small piece of land, whereon they might live
independently, and promised ample store of provisions.
This time the plan was carried into execution, and Ludwig Mueller,
formerly teacher in the Pedagogium at Niesky, with John George Wagner as
his companion, went to England, and sailed from there to Georgia.
They settled on Mr. Knox’s plantation, and at once began to visit
and instruct the slaves, and preach to the whites living in the
neighborhood. “Knoxborough” lay on a creek about sixteen miles from
Savannah, midway between that town and Ebenezer. The land had been
settled by Germans, Salzburgers and Wittenbergers, and Mr. Knox had
bought up their fifty acre tracts, combining them into a large rice
plantation. The homes of the Germans had been allowed to fall into ruin,
the overseer occupying a three-roomed house, with an outside kitchen.
Mueller was given a room in the overseer’s house, preaching there to the
white neighbors who chose to hear him, and to the negroes in the large
shed that sheltered the stamping mill. Wagner occupied a room cut off
from the kitchen.
In February, 1775, Frederick William Marshall, Agent of the Unitas
Fratrum on the Wachovia Tract in North Carolina, (with headquarters
at Salem) visited Georgia to inspect the Moravian property there,
accompanied by Andrew Broesing, who joined Mueller and Wagner in their
missionary work. It had been suggested that the Moravians preach in a
church at a little place called Goshen, near “Knoxborough”, a church
which had been built by subscriptions of Germans and English living
in the neighborhood, and had been used occasionally by a preacher from
Ebenezer.
At this time the Salzburgers were in a very bad condition. Bolzius had
died in 1765, and Rabenhorst and Triebner, who shared the pastorate,
were greatly at variance, so that the entire settlement was split into
factions. Dr. Muehlenberg, “the father of Lutheranism in Pennsylvania”,
had come to settle the difficulties, and heard with much displeasure of
the plan to have the Moravians preach at Goshen. He declared,--“I doubt
not, according to their known method of insinuation, they will gain the
most, if not all the remaining families in Goshen, and will also make an
attempt on Ebenezer, for their ways are well adapted to awakened
souls. I have learned by experience that where strife and disunion
have occurred in neighborhoods and congregations among the Germans in
America, there black and white apostles have immediately appeared, and
tried to fish in the troubled waters, like eagles which have a keen
sight and smell.”
Dr. Muehlenberg was too much prejudiced against the Moravians to judge
them fairly, for he belonged to the Halle party in Germany, and in
Pennsylvania had clashed with Zinzendorf during the latter’s residence
there. The Lutheran Church was in no way endangered by the preaching of
the missionaries, for their instructions were explicit: “If you have an
opportunity to preach the Gospel to German or English residents use
it gladly, but receive none into your congregation, for you are sent
expressly to the negroes.” “You will probably find some of the so-called
Salzburgers there, with their ministers. With them you will in all
fairness do only that to which you are invited by their pastor. You will
do nothing in their congregation that you would not like to have another
do in yours.” Dr. Muehlenberg, therefore, might safely have left them
free to preach the Gospel where they would, even to his own distracted
flock, which was weakened by dissensions, suffered severely in the
Revolutionary War, and gradually scattered into the adjoining country.
In accordance with his instructions, Mueller at once gave up all idea of
using the Goshen church, and occupied himself with those who heard him
gladly at Knoxborough. After a careful examination of the land, the
Moravians decided not to build a house for themselves, but to continue
with the overseer, who was kind to them, and gave Mueller the use of a
horse for his visits to adjoining plantations.
James Habersham, who had come over with George Whitefield in 1738, was
one of the most prominent men in Savannah at this time. In 1744 he had
established a commercial house in Georgia, the first of its kind, to
ship lumber, hogs, skins, etc., to England, and this business had been a
success. He had taken a great interest in Whitefield’s Orphan House, and
had been active in governmental affairs, having served as Secretary of
the Province, President of the Council, and Acting Governor of Georgia.
For many years he had been the Agent in charge of the Moravian lots in
and near Savannah, and now, in failing health, and a sufferer from gout,
he asked that one of the missionaries might be sent to his three estates
on the Ogeechee River, partly as his representative and partly to
instruct the slaves. It was decided that Wagner should accept this
invitation and go to “Silkhope”, while Mueller and Broesing remained at
Knoxborough, Mueller preaching at “Silkhope” every two weeks.
Marshall was much pleased with the reception accorded him and the
missionaries, and hoped the time was coming for again using the lots in
Savannah, but the hope again proved to be fallacious. The missionaries
all suffered greatly from fever, always prevalent on the rice
plantations in the summer, and on Oct. 11th, 1775, Mueller died. The
outbreak of the Revolutionary War made Wagner’s and Broesing’s position
precarious, for the English Act exempting the Moravians from military
service was not likely to be respected by the Americans, and in 1776
Broesing returned to Wachovia, where the Moravians had settled in
sufficient numbers to hold their own, though amid trials manifold.
Wagner stayed in Georgia until 1779, and then he too left the field, and
returned to England.
The Savannah Lands.
In January, 1735, fifty acres of Savannah land was granted by the
Trustees of Georgia to August Gottlieb Spangenberg, who was going
to Georgia as the leader of the first company of Moravian colonists.
Spangenberg had the habit of speaking of himself as “Brother Joseph”
in his diaries, and in the records he sometimes appears as Joseph
Spangenberg, sometimes as Joseph Augustus Gottlieb Spangenberg, and
sometimes by his true name only. According to custom, the fifty acre
grant embraced three lots,--Town Lot No. 4, Second Tything, Anson Ward,
in the town of Savannah, Farm Lot No. 2, Second Tything, Anson Ward, in
the township of Savannah, and Garden Lot No. 120, East. (Office of the
Secretary of State of Georgia, Book D of Grants, Folio 208.)
A few days later a similar grant was made to David Nitschmann, “Count
Zinzendorf’s Hausmeister”, generally known as the Syndic from his office
in later years, who had conducted the first company from Herrnhut to
London. This grant consisted of Town Lot No. 3, Second Tything, Anson
Ward, in the town of Savannah, Farm Lot No. 3, Second Tything, Anson
Ward, in the township of Savannah, and Garden Lot No. 121 East. (Office
of the Secretary of State of Georgia, Book D of Grants, Folio 207.)
When the Moravians left Georgia in 1740, these lots were placed in
the hands of an Agent, probably James Habersham, who was acting as
Whitefield’s assistant in his hospital and charity school, the Moravian
house being rented for the former purpose.
When the Trustees of Georgia surrendered their Charter to the English
Crown in 1754, it was found that no formal deeds had ever been made for
many of the tracts granted by the Trustees, and it was decreed that any
who could legally claim land under grant from the Trustees should have
their rights confirmed by royal grant upon application to the Governor
and Council of Georgia, within a specified time, the land otherwise to
be considered forfeited. In June, 1761, Habersham wrote to Bethlehem
that the time for entering claim had expired, but that he had asked for
and obtained six months grace for the Moravians, who had previously sent
him a full power of attorney, which had failed to reach him.
A new power of attorney was at once sent, and on September 7th, 1762,
royal patents were issued to Nitschmann and Spangenberg, for the Town
Lots and Farm Lots above mentioned. (Register’s Office, Book D, Folios
207 and 208.)
Meanwhile the two Garden Lots had been sold to Sir James Wright for 10
Pounds, and deeds, bearing date of March 15th, 1762, were made to him
by Spangenberg and Nitschmann. The deeds to the Town and Farm lots were
deposited in Bethlehem, and the Agent took his instructions from the
Manager there.
In 1765 Bishop Ettwein went from Bethlehem to Savannah to look after the
property. He found that the large house on Spangenberg’s lot had been
condemned as ruinous and pulled down. Some one had built a small house
on the other end of the same lot, and it was supposed to pay 4 Pounds
a year ground rent, but the family living there was very poor, and
Habersham had been unable to collect anything. By permission a
poor woman had fenced in the Nitschmann lot, and was using it as a
kitchen-garden, rent free. The title to the farm lots was in jeopardy,
for a certain Alderman Becker in London claimed that the Trustees
had given him a tract, including these and many other farms, but the
settlers thereon were making a strong fight to hold their property, in
which they were finally successful.
At the time of Frederick William Marshall’s visit to Savannah in 1775,
the two farm lots were reported to have some good timber, even if they
were not of much use otherwise, and the town lots had increased in value
with the growth of the town. Marshall thought the latter could again
be used for residence, and as a centre for such missionary work as was
already begun by Mueller, Wagner and Broesing, but the Revolutionary War
put an end to their efforts.
At this point in the records appears a peculiar uncertainty as to the
identity of the owner of the David Nitschmann lots. The fact that there
were three David Nitschmanns in the active service of the Moravian
Church during a number of years after its renewal in Herrnhut affords
ample opportunity for confusion, but one would not expect to find it
in the minds of their contemporaries. But even such a man as Frederick
William Marshall wrote, “The Deeds to these two lots, Nos. 3 and 4, are
kept in Bethlehem (one stands in the name of Brother Joseph, the other
of Bishop D’d Nitschmann, who passed away in Bethlehem) and it would
be well if something were done about them. I do not know what can be
arranged with the son of the latter; but Brother David Nitschmann, who
is now in Zeist, said when he was in America that he himself was the
David Nitschmann in whose name the grant was made, because he was the
one who had shared in the negotiations with the Trustees of Georgia.”
Bishop David Nitschmann had died in Bethlehem, Oct. 9th, 1772, where his
son Immanuel lived until 1790. The David Nitschmann residing in Zeist
was the Syndic, formerly Count Zinzendorf’s Hausmeister, the leader
of the first company to London, where he and Spangenberg had arranged
matters with the Trustees, and had each received fifty acres of land in
his own name. The Bishop had had nothing whatever to do with the matter,
and this was the conclusion reached, for the title to the Town Lot No.
3 passed at the Syndic’s death, March 28th, 1779, to his son Christian
David Nitschmann.
June 14th, 1784, August Gottlieb Spangenberg and Christian David
Nitschmann by deed transferred their title to the Savannah property to
Hans Christian Alexander von Schweinitz, Administrator of the estate of
the Unitas Fratrum in Pennsylvania.
The Revolutionary War had come and gone, and Von Schweinitz began again
to investigate the condition of affairs in Savannah. Their Agent, James
Habersham, had died in 1775, but his son James had kept up the taxes,
so the title was intact. “But there is a matter,” he wrote, “which it
is necessary you should be made acquainted with. When the British Troops
took possession of Savannah, they had occasion for a lot belonging to
a Mr. George Kellar, for the purpose of erecting a fort on, it being
situated in the outskirts of the town, and in order to satisfy this man
they VERY GENEROUSLY gave him your two lots in lieu of the one they had
taken from him, but very fortunately for you, our Legislature passed
a Law rendering null and void all their acts during the time they
held this country, and notwithstanding Mr. Kellar is perfectly well
acquainted with this matter, he has moved a house on one of the lots,
and on the other he has lately built another house, which he rents out,
and holds possession--in defiance of me, as I am possessed of no power
of attorney to warrant any proceeding against him.” A power of attorney
was at once sent Habersham, with instructions to evict the intruder, and
rent, lease or sell the property.
A suit against the trespasser was won in 1794, but in 1801 his tenant
was still in possession, poor, and refusing to pay rent. Habersham
had meanwhile died, and John Gebhard Cunow, acting as attorney for
Von Schweinitz, who had returned to Germany in 1798, requested Matthew
McAllister to take charge of the matter; but McAllister, having made
some inquiries, reported that the man named John Robinson, who lived on
the premises, was likely to make trouble, and that as he himself was the
only Judge in the district it would be better to put the case into the
hands of some one else, and leave him free to hear it. Cunow therefore
asked George Woodruff to act as attorney, to which he agreed, requesting
that John Lawson be associated with him, which was done the following
year.
Hans Christian Alexander von Schweinitz died Feb. 26th, 1802, the title
to the Savannah Lots passing by will to Christian Lewis Benzien, of
Salem, North Carolina, who however requested Cunow to continue to look
after them.
The Agents had no light task in ejecting John Robinson and his wife from
their abode, for he was “a foolish, drunken man,” and she “a perfect
‘virago’, and the Sheriff is really afraid of her,” but on July 5th,
1805, Lawson wrote to Cunow,--“I am happy to inform you that after
great trouble and difficulty we have this day obtained possession of Mr.
Benzien’s lots.”
Feb. 17th, 1807, Christian Lewis Benzien, by his attorneys Woodruff and
Lawson, conveyed Town Lot No. 4, Second Tything, Anson Ward, to Charles
Odingsell, the consideration being $1,500, one hundred dollars in cash,
the rest secured by bond and mortgage, payable in one, two, and three
years, with 8 per cent interest from date.
In the same manner Town Lot No. 3 was sold to Worthington Gale, March
14th, 1807, for $1,450.
Owing to “the distress of the times,” payment of these bonds was
slightly delayed, but by June, 1811, both were cancelled.
Although the two Town Lots thus brought $2,950, they had cost a good
deal in taxes and attorney’s fees, and it is doubtful whether the
general treasury profited greatly by the investment, and certainly
the men who had lived and labored and suffered in Georgia were in no
financial way enriched thereby.
Christian Lewis Benzien died Nov. 13th, 1811, and the two Farm Lots
were transferred by will to John Gebhard Cunow of Bethlehem, Pa., who in
March, 1822, deeded them to Lewis David de Schweinitz of Bethlehem, Pa.
And here the two Farm Lots disappear from the records. They had never
been available for farming purposes, and by degrees the timber was
stolen from them, so that it became wiser to let them go than to keep
up the taxes with no prospect of return. In course of time the title
lapsed, and the land passed uncontested into other hands.
Arrivals, Departures, Deaths.
Arrivals in Georgia.
April 6th, 1735. August Gottlieb Spangenberg From Germany.
“ “ “ John Toeltschig “ ”
“ 7th, “ Peter Rose “ ”
“ “ “ Gotthard Demuth “ ”
“ “ “ Gottfried Haberecht “ ”
“ “ “ Anton Seifert “ ”
“ “ “ Michael Haberland “ ”
“ “ “ George Haberland “ ”
“ “ “ George Waschke “ ”
“ “ “ Friedrich Riedel “ ”
Oct. 11th, “ John Regnier From Pennsylvania.
Feb. 17th, 1736. David Nitschmann, (the Bishop) From Germany.
“ 23rd, “ Christian Adolph von Hermsdorf “ ”
“ “ “ Henry Roscher “ ”
“ “ “ John Andrew Dober “ ”
“ “ “ Maria Catharine Dober, “ ”
(wife of Andrew D.)
“ “ “ George Neisser “ ”
“ “ “ Augustin Neisser “ ”
“ “ “ David Zeisberger “ ”
“ “ “ Rosina Zeisberger, (wife of David Z.) “ ”
“ “ “ David Tanneberger “ ”
“ “ “ John Tanneberger, (son of David T.) “ ”
“ “ “ David Jag “ ”
“ “ “ John Michael Meyer “ ”
“ “ “ Jacob Frank “ ”
“ “ “ John Martin Mack “ ”
“ “ “ Matthias Seybold “ ”
“ “ “ Gottlieb Demuth “ ”
“ “ “ John Boehner “ ”
“ “ “ Matthias Boehnisch “ ”
“ “ “ Regina Demuth, (wife of Gotthard D.) “ ”
“ “ “ Judith Toeltschig, (wife of John T.) “ ”
“ “ “ Catharine Riedel, “ ”
(wife of Friedrich R.)
“ “ “ Anna Waschke, (mother of George W.) “ ”
“ “ “ Juliana Jaeschke “ ”
“ “ “ Rosina Haberecht, “ ”
(wife of Gottfried H.)
Sept. 16th, 1737. Anna Catherina Rose,
Maria Magdalena Rose, (daughters of Peter R.)
Jan. 28th, 1738. David Zeisberger, Jr. From Holland.
“ “ “ John Michael Schober “ ”
Oct. 16th, “ Peter Boehler, From Germany.
(missionary to negroes)
“ “ “ George Schulius, “ ”
(assistant missionary)
“ “ “ Simon Peter Harper From England.
May 18th, 1740. John Hagen From Germany.
Autumn, 1774. Ludwig Mueller “ ”
“ “ John George Wagner “ ”
March 5th, 1775. Andrew Broesing From North Carolina.
Departures from Georgia.
March 15th, 1736. August Gottlieb Spangenberg To Pennsylvania.
“ 26th, “ Bishop David Nitschmann “ ”
Dec. 2nd, “ John Andrew Dober To Germany.
“ “ “ Maria Catherine Dober “ ”
March 9th, 1737. George Neisser To Pennsylvania.
May 16th, “ Christian Adolph von Hermsdorf To Germany.
Oct. 16th, “ David Tanneberger To Pennsylvania.
“ “ “ John Tanneberger “ ”
“ “ “ John Michael Meyer “ ”
“ “ “ Gottfried Haberecht “ ”
End of Jan. 1738. Gotthard Demuth “ ”
“ “ Regina Demuth “ ”
“ “ George Waschke “ ”
“ “ Juliana Waschke “ ”
“ “ Anna Waschke “ ”
“ “ Augustin Neisser “ ”
“ “ Gottlieb Demuth “ ”
“ “ David Jag “ ”
March 12th, “ John Toeltschig To Europe.
Summer, “ Matthias Seybold To Pennsylvania.
Winter, 1738-39. John Francis Regnier To Germany.
1739. Peter Rose To Pennsylvania.
“ Catherine Rose “ ”
“ Maria Magdalena Rose “ ”
“ Simon Peter Harper Unknown.
Jan. 20th, 1740. John Boehner To Pennsylvania.
Jan., “ Judith Toeltschig To Germany.
“ “ Michael Haberland “ ”
April 13th, “ Peter Boehler To Pennsylvania.
“ “ “ Anton Seifert “ ”
“ “ “ John Martin Mack “ ”
“ “ “ David Zeisberger “ ”
“ “ “ Rosina Zeisberger “ ”
“ “ “ David Zeisberger, Jr. “ ”
“ “ “ Benjamin Somers “ ”
“ “ “ James ---- “ ”
“ “ “ Johanna Hummel “ ”
Feb., 1742. John Hagen “ ”
“ “ Abraham Bueninger “ ”
1744. James Burnside “ ”
“ Rebecca Burnside “ ”
1745. John Brownfield “ ”
“ Henry Ferdinand Beck “ ”
“ Barbara Beck “ ”
“ Maria Christina Beck “ ”
“ Jonathan Beck “ ”
“ David Beck “ ”
“ Anna Catherina Kremper “ ”
1776. Andrew Broesing To North Carolina.
May, 1779. John George Wagner To England.
Deaths.
Oct. 11th, 1735. Friedrich Riedel In Savannah.
March 19th, 1736. Jacob Frank “ ”
March 30th, “ Henry Roscher “ ”
June 17th, “ Rosina Haberecht “ ”
Oct. 3rd, “ Matthias Boehnisch “ ”
Sept. 30th, 1737. George Haberland “ ”
(Nov.?) “ Anna Catherina Rose “ ”
Aug. 4th, 1739. George Schulius In Purisburg.
Aug. 10th, “ John Michael Schober In Savannah.
Oct. 11th, 1775. Ludwig Mueller At Knoxborough.
Summary.
Arrivals.
From Europe 43
From Pennsylvania 1
Born in Georgia 2
From North Carolina 1
-- 47
Deaths.
At Savannah 8
At Purisburg 1
At Knoxborough 1
-- 10
Departures.
To Bethlehem, Pa. 18
To other Moravian Congregations in America 3
To Moravian Congregations in Europe 8
Scattered 8
--
37
------
47
Following the Moravians from Georgia to Bethlehem 13
Index.
(The index is retained to allow readers to browse the subjects mentioned
in this book. The bracketed numbers indicate how many mentions are made.
A brief mention or 10 pages worth can both count as a single mention,
so the numbers are sometimes deceptive.)
Act of Parliament (3)
Aeltester (5)
Allen, Brierly (1)
Altamaha River (7)
Anna (1)
Anthony (1)
Altona (3)
Arrivals in Georgia (2)
Associates of the late Dr. Bray (5)
Augsburg (2)
Augusta (1)
Bader, Paul Peter (1)
Bands (6)
Beck, Barbara (1)
Beck, David (1)
Beck, Henry Ferdinand (1)
Beck, Jonathan (1)
Beck, Maria Christina (1)
Benzien, Christian Lewis (1)
Berthelsdorf (2)
Bethlehem (Penn.) (10)
Bohemia (8)
Boehler, Peter (10) (Bo"hler)
Boehner, John (8) (Bo"hner)
Boehnisch, George (2) (Bo"hnisch)
Boehnisch, Matthias (2) (Bo"hnisch)
Bolzius, Martin (6)
Bray, Thomas (1)
Broesing, Andrew (3) (Bro"sing)
Brother Joseph (3) (see also Spangenberg)
Brownfield, John (2)
Bueninger, Abraham (1) (Bu"ninger)
Burnside, James (1)
Burnside, Rebecca (1)
Calendar (1)
Calvin, John (1)
Carolina (11)
Causton, Thomas (9)
Charles II (1)
Charles V (1)
Charlestown (9) (modern Charleston, S. C.)
Cherokees (2)
Chief Elder (see Aeltester)
Christ Church (1)
Church of England (9)
Collegiants (2)
Comenius, John Amos (1)
Comfort (1)
Committee for relief of Debtors (2)
Confession of Faith, Moravian (1)
Coram, Thomas (2)
Cornish, Capt. (3)
Creek Confederacy (1)
Cunow, John Gebhard (2)
Deaths (2)
Delamotte, Charles (10)
Demuth, Gotthard (6)
Demuth, Gottlieb (3)
Demuth, Regina (4)
Departures from Georgia (2)
Diener (5)
Dober, John Andrew (11)
Dober, Leonard (1)
Dober, Maria Catherine (4)
Dunbar, Capt. (1)
Duesseldorf (1) (Du"sseldorf)
Ebenezer, New (5)
Ebenezer, Old (5)
Ebersdorf (1)
Ecce Homo (1)
Ecclesiolae in ecclesia (1)
Eckstein, John (2)
Egede, Hans (1)
Elders (1)
England (see Moravian Activity in England)
English School at Herrnhut (1)
Ephrata (1)
Episcopate of Unitas Fratrum (10)
Ermahner (1)
Ettwein, John (1)
Exile Hymn (1)
Farm Lots (9)
Fetter Lane Congregation (2)
Fetter Lane Society (6)
Fifty Acre Tracts (5)
Financial affairs (34)
First Company (5)
Five Acre Lots (see Garden Lots)
Five Hundred Acre Tract (see Old Fort)
Five Hundred Acre Tract (2nd) (2)
Five Hundred and Twenty-six Acre Tract (1)
Florida (1)
Foreign Missions (5)
Fort Argyle (1)
Forty-five Acre Lots (see Farm Lots)
Foundry Society (1)
Frank, Jacob (3)
Frederica (9)
Fulneck (1)
Gale, Worthington (1)
Gambold, John (1)
Garden Lots (11)
Gascoine, Capt. (1)
Gemeinschaft (8)
George II (1)
Georgia (25)
Germantown (3)
Gladman, Capt. Thomas (1)
Goshen (2)
Goshenhopper (1)
Greenland (1)
Gronav, Israel Christian (3)
Haberecht, Gottfried (7)
Haberecht, Rosina (2)
Haberland, George (5)
Haberland, Michael (6)
Habersham, James, Jr. (2)
Habersham, James, Sr. (6)
Hagen, John (1)
Halle (7)
Harper, Simon Peter (3)
Hawk, The (4)
Helfer (see Helpers)
Helpers (2)
Herbert, Henry (1)
Hermsdorf, Christian Adolph von (9)
Herrnhut (24)
Holland (see Moravian Activity in Holland)
Hourly Intercession (2)
Household Affairs (15)
Huber, John Michael (1)
Hummel, Johanna (1)
Hus, John (2)
Hutton, James (5)
Indian School House (see Irene)
Indians in Georgia (27)
Indians in Pennsylvania (2)
Ingham, Benjamin (22)
Instructions (1)
Ireland (see Moravian Activity in Ireland)
Irene (4)
Jablonski (3)
Jag, David (6)
James (1)
Jaeschke, Juliana (4) (Ja"schke)
Jena (5)
Jews (1)
Johnson (1)
Journal, John Wesley’s (3)
Kellar, George (2)
Knox, Mr. (1)
Knoxborough (1)
Koker, Pieter (2)
Korte, Jonas (6)
Krankenwaerter (1) (Krankenwa"rter)
Kremper, Anna Catherine (1)
Laborers (1)
Lamb’s Hill (1)
Lancashire (1)
Land titles (5)
Lawson, John (2)
Leopold, Archbishop of Salzburg (1)
London (7)
London Merchant, The (5)
Lords Proprietors (2)
Lorenz (2)
Lot, The (12)
Lovefeasts (4)
Lower Creeks (3)
Lutheran Church (7)
Luther, Martin (3)
Mack, John Martin (4)
Marienborn (3)
Marshall, Frederick William (3)
Matrimonial affairs (4)
McAllister, Matthew (1)
Melancthon (1)
Methodists (5)
Meyer, John Michael (2)
Military affairs (17)
Moberley, Capt. (2)
Molther, Philip Henry (1)
Moravia (9)
Moravian Activity in England (11)
Moravian Activity in Holland (5)
Moravian Activity in Ireland (3)
Moravian Congregation in Fetter Lane (see Fetter Lane Society)
Muehlenberg, Henry Melchior (2) (Mu"hlenberg)
Mueller, Ludwig (2) (Mu"ller)
Musgrove, John (1)
Musgrove, Mary (3)
Music (2)
Nazareth (4)
Negro Mission (7)
Neisser, Augustin (2)
Neisser, George (5)
Neisser, Wenzel (3)
Neubert, Rosina (1)
New Ebenezer (see Ebenezer, New)
New Inverness (1)
Nitschmann, Christian David (1)
Nitschmann, David (Bishop) (23)
Nitschmann, David (Hausmeister, Syndic) (16)
Nitschmann, Immanuel (1)
North Carolina (1)
Nova Scotia (1)
Ober-Berthelsdorf (3)
Odingsell, Charles (1)
Oeconomie (1)
Ogeechee River (6)
Oglethorpe, James (49)
Old Fort (16)
Order of the Mustard Seed (1)
Orphan House (2)
Oxford (3)
Peeper Island (Cockspur) (1)
Pennsylvania (20)
Periagua (2)
Pfeil, von (4)
Pietists (1)
Pilgrim Congregation (2)
Poland (3)
Port Royal (1)
Potter, John (Archbishop of Canterbury) (2)
Province of Georgia (see Georgia)
Pudsey (1)
Purisburg (6)
Putten, Cornelius van (1)
Quincy, Samuel (2)
Ratio Disciplinae (2)
Reck, George Philipp Frederick von (9)
Reck, the younger (1)
Regensberg (2)
Regnier, John (10)
Religious affairs (30)
Reuss, Henry XXIX (1)
Revolutionary War (5)
Richter, Abraham Ehrenfried (3)
Riedel, Catherine (3) (see also Rose, Catherine)
Riedel, Friedrich (8)
Robinson, John (2)
Roman Catholics (6)
Roscher, Henry (4)
Rose, Anna Catherina (1)
Rose, Catherine (Riedel) (5)
Rose, Maria Magdalena (4)
Rose, Peter (15)
Rothe, John Andrew (2)
Rotterdam (3)
Rotten-possum (1)
Salem (2)
Salzburgers (23)
Savannah (20)
Savannah Congregation (Moravian) (25)
Savannah Cemetery (4)
Savannah River (5)
Savannah, The (1)
Saxony (5)
Schober, John Michael (3)
Schoeneck (1)
Schulius, George (4)
Schwarz, Rosina (1)
Schweinitz, Hans Christian Alexander von (2)
Schweinitz, Lewis David de (1)
Schwenkfeld, Casper (1)
Schwenkfelders (10)
Second Company (7)
Seifert, Anton (17)
Seituah (1)
“Servants” of Zinzendorf (12)
Seybold, Matthias (4)
Shamokin (1)
Sickness (13)
Silkhope (1)
Simmonds, The (3)
Sitkovius (2)
Skidaway Island (1)
Smith House (1)
“Society” (see Gemeinschaft)
Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge (4)
Somers, Benjamin (1)
South Carolina (5)
Spangenberg, August Gottlieb (33)
Spangenberg’s Hymn (1)
Spaniards (7)
Spanish War (4)
Spener, Philip Jacob (2)
Sterling’s Bluff (1)
St. Simon’s Island (4)
St. Thomas (6)
Swiss Emigrants (5)
Tanneberger, David (6)
Tanneberger, John (2)
Thomas, Capt. (1)
Thomson, Capt. (5)
Thunderbolt (1)
Toeltschig, John (39) (To"ltschig)
Toeltschig, Judith (8) (To"ltschig)
Tomochichi (15)
Town Lots (10)
Trades (11)
Triebner (1)
Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America (27)
Tuebingen (1) (Tu"bingen)
Two Brothers, The (2)
Two Hundred Acre Tract (3)
Tybee (5)
Union Galley, The (1)
Unitas Fratrum (18)
Upper Creeks (1)
Urlsperger, Samuel (4)
Vat, Mr. (1)
Verelst, Secy (2)
Vernon, James (3)
Vollmar (3)
Vorsteher (1)
Voyages (9)
Wachovia Tract (2)
Wagner, John George (4)
Waschke, Anna (4)
Waschke, George (6)
Waschke, Juliana Jaeschke (3) (Ja"schke)) (see also Jaeschke, Juliana)
Weintraube, Mrs. (2)
Wesley, Charles (13)
Wesley, John (30)
Wesley, Samuel (1)
West Indies (7)
Whitefield, George (9)
Wiegner, Christopher (George) (2)
Wittenberg (2)
Woodruff, George (1)
Wright, Sir James (1)
Wynantz (2)
Yorkshire (3)
Ysselstein (2)
Zeisberger, David, Jr. (5)
Zeisberger, David, Sr. (3)
Zeisberger, Rosina (3)
Ziegenhagen (2)
Zinzendorf, Christian Ludwig von (1)
Zinzendorf, Erdmuth Dorothea von (3)
Zinzendorf, Nicholas Lewis von (Count) (29)
End of Project Gutenberg’s The Moravians in Georgia, by Adelaide L. Fries