Only the acrid spirit of the times, Corroded this true
steel. Longfellow.
Not Thine the bigot's partial plea,
Not Thine the zealot's ban;
Thou well canst spare a love of Thee
Which ends in hate of man.
Whittier.
Luke Raeburn was the son of a Scotch clergyman of the Episcopal Church.
His history, though familiar to his own followers and to them more
powerfully convincing than many arguments against modern Christianity,
was not generally known. The orthodox were apt to content themselves
with shuddering at the mention of his name; very few troubled themselves
to think or inquire how this man had been driven into atheism. Had they
done so they might, perhaps, have treated him more considerately, at any
rate they must have learned that the much-disliked prophet of atheism
was the most disinterested of men, one who had the courage of his
opinions, a man of fearless honesty.
Raeburn had lost his mother very early; his father, a well-to-do man,
had held for many years a small living in the west of Scotland. He was
rather a clever man, but one-sided and bigoted; cold-hearted, too, and
caring very little for his children. Of Luke, however, he was, in his
peculiar fashion, very proud, for at an early age the boy showed signs
of genius. The father was no great worker; though shrewd and clever,
he had no ambition, and was quietly content to live out his life in the
retired little parsonage where, with no parish to trouble him, and a
small and unexacting congregation on Sundays, he could do pretty much as
he pleased. But for his son he was ambitious. Ever since his sixteenth
year--when, at a public meeting the boy had, to the astonishment
of every one, suddenly sprung to his feet and contradicted a false
statement made by a great landowner as to the condition of the cottages
on his estate--the father had foreseen future triumphs for his son. For
the speech, though unpremeditated, was marvelously clever, and there was
a power in it not to be accounted for by a certain ring of indignation;
it was the speech of a future orator.
Then, too, Luke had by this time shown signs of religious zeal, a zeal
which his father, though far from attempting to copy, could not but
admire. His Sunday services over, he relapsed into the comfortable,
easy-going life of a country gentleman for the rest of the week; but
his son was indefatigable, and, though little more than a boy himself,
gathered round him the roughest lads of the village, and by his
eloquence, and a certain peculiar personal fascination which he retained
all his life, absolutely forced them to listen to him. The father
augured great things for him, and invariably prophesied that he would
“live to see him a bishop yet.”
It was a settled thing that he should take Holy Orders, and for some
time Raeburn was only too happy to carry out his father's plans. In his
very first term at Cambridge, however, he began to feel doubts, and,
becoming convinced that he could never again accept the doctrines in
which he had been educated, he told his father that he must give up all
thought of taking Orders.
Now, unfortunately, Mr. Raeburn was the very last man to understand
or sympathize with any phase of life through which he had not himself
passed. He had never been troubled with religious doubts; skepticism
seemed to him monstrous and unnatural. He met the confession, which
his son had made in pain and diffidence, with a most deplorable want of
tact. In answer to the perplexing questions which were put to him, he
merely replied testily that Luke had been overworking himself, and that
he had no business to trouble his head with matters which were beyond
him, and would fain have dismissed the whole affair at once.
“But,” urged the son, “how is it possible for me to turn my back on
these matters when I am preparing to teach them?”
“Nonsense,” replied the father, angrily. “Have not I taught all my life,
preached twice a Sunday these thirty years without perplexing myself
with your questionings? Be off to your shooting, and your golf, and let
me have no more of this morbid fuss.”
No more was said; but Luke Raeburn, with his doubts and questions shut
thus into himself, drifted rapidly from skepticism to the most positive
form of unbelief. When he next came home for the long vacation, his
father was at length awakened to the fact that the son, upon whom all
his ambition was set, was hopelessly lost to the Church; and with this
consciousness a most bitter sense of disappointment rose in his heart.
His pride, the only side of fatherhood which he possessed, was deeply
wounded, and his dreams of honorable distinction were laid low. His
wrath was great. Luke found the home made almost unbearable to him. His
college career was of course at an end, for his father would not hear
of providing him with the necessary funds now that he had actually
confessed his atheism. He was hardly allowed to speak to his sisters,
every request for money to start him in some profession met with a sharp
refusal, and matters were becoming so desperate that he would probably
have left the place of his own accord before long, had not Mr. Raeburn
himself put an end to a state of things which had grown insufferable.
With some lurking hope, perhaps, of convincing his son, he resolved
upon trying a course of argument. To do him justice he really tried to
prepare himself for it, dragged down volumes of dusty divines, and got
up with much pains Paley's “watch” argument. There was some honesty,
even perhaps a very little love, in his mistaken endeavors; but he did
not recognize that while he himself was unforgiving, unloving, harsh,
and self-indulgent, all his arguments for Christianity were of necessity
null and void. He argued for the existence of a perfectly loving, good
God, all the while treating his son with injustice and tyranny. Of
course there could be only one result from a debate between the
two. Luke Raeburn with his honesty, his great abilities, his gift of
reasoning, above all his thorough earnestness, had the best of it.
To be beaten in argument was naturally the one thing which such a man as
Mr. Raeburn could not forgive. He might in time have learned to tolerate
a difference of opinion, he would beyond a doubt have forgiven almost
any of the failings that he could understand, would have paid his son's
college debts without a murmur, would have overlooked anything connected
with what he considered the necessary process of “sowing his wild oats.”
But that the fellow should presume to think out the greatest problems in
the world, should set up his judgment against Paley's, and worst of
all should actually and palpably beat HIM in argument--this was an
unpardonable offense.
A stormy scene ensued. The father, in ungovernable fury, heaped upon the
son every abusive epithet he could think of. Luke Raeburn spoke not a
word; he was strong and self-controlled; moreover, he knew that he had
had the best of the argument. He was human, however, and his heart was
wrung by his father's bitterness. Standing there on that summer day,
in the study of the Scotch parsonage, the man's future was sealed. He
suffered there the loss of all things, but at the very time there sprung
up in him an enthusiasm for the cause of free thought, a passionate,
burning zeal for the opinions for which he suffered, which never left
him, but served as the great moving impulse of his whole subsequent
life.
“I tell you, you are not fit to be in a gentleman's house,” thundered
the father. “A rank atheist, a lying infidel! It is against nature that
you should call a parsonage your home.”
“It is not particularly home-like,” said the son, bitterly. “I can leave
it when you please.”
“Can!” exclaimed the father, in a fury, “you WILL leave it, sir, and
this very day too! I disown you from this time. I'll have no atheist for
my son! Change your views or leave the house at once.”
Perhaps he expected his son to make some compromise; if so he showed
what a very slight knowledge he had of his character. Luke Raeburn had
certainly not been prepared for such extreme harshness, but with
the pain and grief and indignation there rose in his heart a mighty
resoluteness. With a face as hard and rugged as the granite rocks
without, he wished his father goodbye, and obeyed his orders.
Then had followed such a struggle with the world as few men would have
gone through with. Cut off from all friends and relations by his avowal
of atheism, and baffled again and again in seeking to earn his living,
he had more than once been on the very brink of starvation. By sheer
force of will he had won his way, had risen above adverse circumstances,
had fought down obstacles, and conquered opposing powers. Before long
he had made fresh friends and gained many followers, for there was an
extraordinary magnetism about the man which almost compelled those who
were brought into contact with him to reverence him.
It was a curious history. First there had been that time of grievous
doubt; then he had been thrown upon the world friendless and penniless,
with the beliefs and hopes hitherto most sacred to him dead, and in
their place an aching blank. He had suffered much. Treated on all sides
with harshness and injustice, it was indeed wonderful that he had not
developed into a mere hater, a passionate down-puller. But there was in
his character a nobility which would not allow him to rest at this
low level. The bitter hostility and injustice which he encountered
did indeed warp his mind, and every year of controversy made it more
impossible for him to take an unprejudiced view of Christ's teaching;
but nevertheless he could not remain a mere destroyer.
In that time of blankness, when he had lost all faith in God, when he
had been robbed of friendship and family love, he had seized desperately
on the one thing left him--the love of humanity. To him atheism meant
not only the assertion--“The word God is a word without meaning, it
conveys nothing to my understanding.” He added to this barren confession
of an intellectual state a singularly high code of duty. Such a code as
could only have emanated from one about whom there lingered what Carlyle
has termed a great after-shine of Christianity. He held that the only
happiness worth having was that which came to a man while engaged in
promoting the general good. That the whole duty of man was to devote
himself to the service of others. And he lived his creed.
Like other people, he had his faults, but he was always ready to spend
and he spent for what he considered the good of others, while every
act of injustice called forth his unsparing rebuke, and every oppressed
person or cause was sure to meet with his support at whatever cost to
himself. His zeal for what he regarded as the “gospel” of atheism grew
and strengthened year by year. He was the untiring advocate of what he
considered the truth. Neither illness nor small results, nor loss, could
quench his ardor, while opposition invariably stimulated him to
fresh efforts. After long years of toil, he had at length attained
an influential position in the country, and though crippled by debts
incurred in the struggle for freedom of speech, and living in absolute
penury, he was one of the most powerful men of the day.
The old bookseller had very truly observed that there was more good in
him than people thought, he was in fact a noble character twisted the
wrong way by clumsy and mistaken handling.
Brian Osmond was by no means bigoted; he had moreover, known those who
were intimate with Raeburn, and consequently had heard enough of the
truth about him to disbelieve the gross libels which were constantly
being circulated by the unscrupulous among his opponents. Still, as
on that November afternoon he watched Raeburn and his daughter down
Southampton Row, he was conscious that for the first time he fully
regarded the atheist as a fellow-man. The fact was that Raeburn had for
long years been the champion of a hated cause; he had braved the full
flood of opposition; and like an isolated rock had been the mark for so
much of the rage and fury of the elements that people who knew him only
by name had really learned to regard him more as a target than as a man.
It was he who could hit hardest, who could most effectually baffle and
ruin him; while the quieter spirits contented themselves with rarely
mentioning his obnoxious name, and endeavoring as far as possible, to
ignore his existence. Brian felt that till now he had followed with the
multitude to do evil. He had, as far as possible, ignored his existence;
had even been rather annoyed when his father had once publicly urged
that Raeburn should be treated with as much justice and courtesy and
consideration as if he had been a Christian. He had been vexed that his
father should suffer on behalf of such a man, had been half inclined to
put down the scorn and contempt and anger of the narrow-minded to the
atheist's account. The feeling had perhaps been natural, but all was
changed now; he only revered his father all the more for having suffered
in an unpopular cause. With some eagerness, he went back into the shop
to see if he could gather any more particulars from the old
bookseller. Charles Osmond had, however, finished his purchases and his
conversation, and was ready to go.
“The second house in Guilford Terrace, you say?” he observed, turning
at the door. “Thank you. I shall be sure to find it. Good day.”
Then turning to his son, he added, “I had no idea we were such near
neighbors! Did you hear what he told me? Mr. Raeburn lives in Guilford
Terrace.”
“What, that miserable blind alley, do you mean at the other side of the
square?”
“Yes, and I am just going round there now, for our friend the
'book-worm' tells me he has heard it rumored that some unscrupulous
person who is going to answer Mr. Raeburn this evening, has hired a
band of roughs to make a disturbance at the meeting. Fancy how indignant
Donovan would be! I only wish he were here to take a word to Mr.
Raeburn.”
“Will he not most likely have heard from some other source?” said Brian.
“Possibly, but I shall go round and see. Such abominations ought to be
put down, and if by our own side all the better.”
Brian was only too glad that his father should go, and indeed he would
probably have wished to take the message himself had not his mind been
set upon getting the best edition of Longfellow to be found in all
London for his ideal. So at the turning into Guilford Square, the father
and son parted.
The bookseller's information had roused in Charles Osmond a keen sense
of indignation; he walked on rapidly as soon as he had left his son,
and in a very few minutes had reached the gloomy entrance to Guilford
Terrace. It was currently reported that Raeburn made fabulous sums
by his work, and lived in great luxury; but the real fact was that,
whatever his income, few men led so self-denying a life, or voluntarily
endured such privations. Charles Osmond could not help wishing that
he could bring some of the intolerant with him down that gloomy little
alley, to the door of that comfortless lodging house. He rang, and was
admitted into the narrow passage, then shown into the private study of
the great man. The floor was uncarpeted, the window uncurtained, the
room was almost dark; but a red-glow of fire light served to show a
large writing table strewn with papers, and walls literally lined with
books; also on the hearth-rug a little figure curled up in the most
unconventionally comfortable attitude, dividing her attention between
making toast and fondling a loud-purring cat.