another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states of the USSR
and Eastern Europe, with authoritarian governments and command
economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see
centrally planned economies
_________________________________________________________________
Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA)
note-see Latin American Economic System (LAES)
_________________________________________________________________
Social Commission
see Commission for Social Development
_________________________________________________________________
socialist countries
in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use
of the major factors of production;
note-the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for communist
countries
_________________________________________________________________
South
a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally
located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the
North; see less developed countries (LDCs)
_________________________________________________________________
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
address-P.O. Box 4222, Kathmandu, Nepal
telephone-[977] (1) 221785, 226350, 221792, 228029
FAX-[977] (1) 227033, 223991
established-8 December 1985
aim-to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation
members-(7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka
_________________________________________________________________
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
address-Anse Vata, BP D5, 98848 Noumea CEDEX, New Caledonia
telephone-[687] 26 20 00
FAX-[687] 26 38 18
established-6 February 1947
effective-29 July 1948
aim-to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters
members-(26) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France,
French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States
of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana
Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon
Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna
_________________________________________________________________
South Pacific Forum (SPF)
address-c/o Forum Secretariat, Ratu Sukuna Road, Private Mail Bag,
Suva, Fiji
telephone-[679] 312 600, 303 106
FAX-[679] 301 102, 305 573
established-5 August 1971
aim-to promote regional cooperation in political matters
members-(16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall
Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
_________________________________________________________________
South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement
(Sparteca)
address-c/o forum Secretariat, Ratu Sukuna Road GPO Box 856, Suva,
Fiji
telephone-[679] 312 600, 303 106
FAX-[679] 302 204
established-NA 1981
aim-to redress unequal trade relationships of Australia and New
Zealand with small island economies in the Pacific region
members-(15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall
Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
_________________________________________________________________
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
address-Director, State Revenue, Private Bag 13185, Windhoek, Namibia,
or Director General, Trade and Industry, Private Bag X84, Pretoria
0001, South Africa, or Director of Customs and Excise, Private Bag
0041, Gaborone, Botswana, or Director of Customs and Excise, P. O. Box
891, Maseru 100, Lesotho, or Chief Customs Officer, P.O. Box 489,
Manzini, Swaziland
established-11 December 1969
aim-to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters
members-(5) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland
_________________________________________________________________
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
note-evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination
Conference (SADCC)
address-Private Bag 0095, Gaborone, Botswana
telephone-[267] (31) 351863, 351864, 351865
FAX-[267] (31) 372848
established-17 August 1992
aim-to promote regional economic development and integration
members-(12) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
_________________________________________________________________
Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur)
note-also known as Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (Mercosur)
address-Rincon 575 P 12, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay
telephone-[598] (2) 964590
FAX-[598] (2) 964591
established-26 March 1991
aim-to increase regional economic cooperation
members-(4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
associate member-(1) Chile
_________________________________________________________________
Statistical Commission
address-Division for Policy and Coordination and ECOSOC Affairs,
Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, United
Nations, Room 2963, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 1234
FAX-[1] (212) 963 5935
established-21 June 1946
aim-to deal with development and standardization of national
statistics of interest to the UN, as part of the Economic and Social
Council organization
members-(24) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
_________________________________________________________________
Third World
another term for the less developed countries; the term is fading from
use; see less developed countries (LDCs)
_________________________________________________________________
underdeveloped countries
refers to those less developed countries with the potential for
above-average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)
_________________________________________________________________
undeveloped countries
refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with
little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries
(LLDCs)
_________________________________________________________________
Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)
see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations (UN)
address-United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 1234
FAX-[1] (212) 963 4879
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-to maintain international peace and security and to promote
cooperation involving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian
problems
members-(184 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,
Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,
Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama,
Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and
Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia,
Zimbabwe; note-all UN members are represented in the General Assembly
observers-(2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See,
Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM III)
successor to original UNAVEM and UNAVEM II; established 20 December
1988; renewed for third time 8 February 1995; aim was to assist the
parties in restoring peace and achieving national reconciliation in
Angola on the basis of the Peace Accords, the Lusaka Protocol, and
relevant Security Council resolutions; established by the UN Security
Council; members Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, Egypt, Fiji,
Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Jordan, Mongolia, Mali, Morocco,
Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Sweden, Tanzania, Uruguay, Zambia,
Zimbabwe; disbanded 30 June 1997
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)
established 5 October 1993 to support and provide safe conditions for
displaced persons and human rights monitors, and to assist in training
a new national police force; established by the UN Security Council;
members were Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Chad,
Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Fiji, Germany, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, India, Jordan, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan,
Russia, Senegal, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe;
terminated 8 March 1996
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
note-acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN
International Children's Emergency Fund
address-UNICEF House, Three United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017,
US
telephone-[1] (212) 326 7000
FAX-[1] (212) 888 7465, 888 7454
established-11 December 1946
aim-to help establish child health and welfare services
members-(36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
address-UNCTAD, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
telephone-[41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34
FAX-[41] (22) 907 00 57
established-30 December 1964
aim-to promote international trade
members-(188) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland, Tonga
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO)
established 31 March 1995 to separate Croatian and Krajina Serb
forces; to monitor demilitarization of the Prevlaka Peninsula; to
maintain a presence on Croatia's international borders; to monitor and
report the crossing of military personnel, equipment, supplies and
weapons; to facilitate delivery of humanitarian assistance; to aid
refugees and displaced persons; to protect ethnic minorities; and to
clear mines; established by the UN Security Council; members were
Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Indonesia,
Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands,
Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Senegal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US; disbanded
January 1996
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
address-One United National Plaza, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 906 5788, 906 5000
FAX-[1] (212) 906 5365
established-22 November 1965
aim-to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social
development
members-(36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
address-c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, United Nations,
Room S-3260E, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 1234
FAX-[1] (212) 963 4879
established-31 May 1974
aim-to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli cease-fire; established by the UN
Security Council
members-(4) Austria, Canada, Japan, Poland
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)
address-7 place de Fontenoy, F-75352 Paris 07SP, France
telephone-[33] (1) 45 68 10 00
FAX-[33] (1) 45 67 16 90
established-16 November 1945
effective-4 November 1946
aim-to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture
members-(185) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,
Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,
Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook
Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia,
Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati,
North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,
Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova,
Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San
Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda,
Ukraine, UAE, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,
Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members-(4) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Macau,
Netherlands Antilles
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
address-P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya
telephone-[254] (2) 230800, 520600
FAX-[254] (2) 226890
established-15 December 1972
aim-to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters
members-(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
address-Chief of Mission, P.O. Box 1642, Nicosia, Cyprus
telephone-[357] (2) 359 700
FAX-[357] (2) 359 753
established-4 March 1964
aim-to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and
Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus; established by the UN Security Council
members-(8) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Hungary,
Ireland, UK
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations General Assembly
address-see United Nations
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-to function as the primary deliberative organ of the UN
members-(185) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
address-Vienna International Center, P.O. Box 300, A-1400 Vienna,
Austria
telephone-[43] (1) 211 310
FAX-[43] (1) 23 21 56
established-17 November 1966
effective-1 January 1967
aim-UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development
especially among the members
members-(169) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,
Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,
Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina
Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central
African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya,
North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and
Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,
Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,
US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,
Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
address-Palais des Nations, Bureau 1070, CH-1211, Geneva 10,
Switzerland
telephone-[41] (22) 798-58-50, 798-84-00
FAX-[41] (22) 733-13-83
established-11 December 1963
aim-to help the UN become more effective through training and research
members (Board of Trustees)-(17) Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Cameroon, Chile, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy,
Japan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Switzerland; note-the UN Secretary
General can appoint up to 30 members
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
address-c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E,
United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 1234
FAX-[1] (212) 963 4879
established-19 March 1978
aim-to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, and assist in
reestablishing Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon; established by
the UN Security Council
members-(9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal,
Norway, Poland
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
address-c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E,
United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA
telephone-[1] (212) 963 1234
FAX-[1] (212) 963 4879
established-9 April 1991
aim-to observe and monitor the demilitarized zone established between
Iraq and Kuwait; established by the UN Security Council
members-(33) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Denmark,
Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India,
Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US,
Uruguay, Venezuela
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
address-c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room 3727, United
Nations, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 5721
FAX-[1] (212) 758 2718
established-13 August 1948
aim-to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan cease-fire; established by the
UN Security Council
members-(8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, South Korea,
Sweden, Uruguay
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
address-c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E,
United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 1234
FAX-[1] (212) 963 4879
established-29 April 1991
aim-to supervise the cease-fire and conduct a referendum in Western
Sahara; established by the UN Security Council
members-(28) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, El
Salvador, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Kenya, South Korea, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan,
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Togo, Tunisia, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH)
address-c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E,
United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 1234
FAX-[1] (212) 758 2718
established-13 December 1995
aim-to establish a UN civilian police force (IPTF) to implement the
Peace Agreement in Bosnia
members-(39) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile,
Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Malaysia,
Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal,
Russia, Senegal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine,
UK, US
_________________________________________________________________
United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
established 23 September 1993;aim was to assist in implementing the
agreement to transfer power back into the civilian government;
established by the UN Security Council; became the United Nations
Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) 28 June 1996 with the aim to assist
in the professionalization of the Haitian National Police; members
were Algeria, Canada, France, India, Mali, Pakistan, Togo, US;
disbanded 31 July 1997
_________________________________________________________________