total: 799 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,063,755 GRT/12,629,612
DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 136, cargo 383, chemical tanker
27, combination bulk 11, combination ore/oil 9, container 44,
liquefied gas tanker 4, livestock carrier 4, multi-function large load
carrier 2, oil tanker 70, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated
cargo 37, roll-on/roll-off cargo 53, short-sea passenger 10,
specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 1
note: a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 24 countries
among which are Croatia 22, Slovenia 8, China 7, Greece 7, UAE 4,
Norway 3, India 2, Japan 2, Russia 2, and Ukraine 2 (1997 est.)
Airports: 6 (1997 est.)
Airports-with paved runways:
total: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 3 (1997 est.)
Airports-with unpaved runways:
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (1997 est.)
@Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:Military
Military branches: Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police
Force, Coast Guard
Military expenditures-dollar figure: $NA
Military expenditures-percent of GDP: NA%
@Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:Transnational Issues
Disputes-international: none
Illicit drugs: transshipment points for South American drugs destined
for the US and Europe
______________________________________________________________________
SAMOA
@Samoa:Geography
Location: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about
one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Geographic coordinates: 13 35 S, 172 20 W
Map references: Oceania
Area:
total: 2,860 sq km
land: 2,850 sq km
water: 10 sq km
Area-comparative: slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 403 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to
October)
Terrain: narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains
in interior
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mauga Silisili 1,857 m
Natural resources: hardwood forests, fish
Land use:
arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 24%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 47%
other: 10%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: occasional typhoons; active volcanism
Environment-current issues: soil erosion
Environment-international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
@Samoa:People
Population: 224,713 (July 1998 est.)
note: other estimates range as low as 162,000
Age structure:
0-14 years: 39% (male 44,991; female 43,537)
15-64 years: 57% (male 66,201; female 60,764)
65 years and over: 4% (male 4,352; female 4,868) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.33% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 29.62 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 5.51 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 31.76 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 69.45 years
male: 67.07 years
female: 71.96 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.72 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Samoan(s)
adjective: Samoan
Ethnic groups: Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and
Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
Religions: Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated
with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman
Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Languages: Samoan (Polynesian), English
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 97% (1971 est.)
@Samoa:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa
conventional short form: Samoa
Data code: WS
Government type: constitutional monarchy under native chief
National capital: Apia
Administrative divisions: 11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua,
Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea,
Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano
Independence: 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN
trusteeship)
National holiday: National Day, 1 June (1962)
Constitution: 1 January 1962
Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; judicial
review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the
citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II (cochief of state
from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963)
head of government: Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana (since 7 April
1988); Deputy Prime Minister TUILA'EPA Sailele Malielegaoi (since NA
1992)
cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of
state with the prime minister's advice
elections: upon the death of Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II, a
new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to
serve a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the chief of state
with the approval of the Legislative Assembly
Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49
seats-47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs
(matai) may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year
terms)
elections: last held 26 April 1996 (next to be held 26 April 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party-HRPP 45.17%, SNDP 27.1%,
independents 23.7%; seats by party-HRPP 25, SNDP 13, independents 11
Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders: Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP),
TOFILAU Eti Alesana, chairman; Samoan National Development Party
(SNDP), TAPUA Tamasese Efi, chairman (opposition); Samoan Progressive
Conservative Party, LEOTA Ituau Ale; Samoa All People's Party (SAPP),
Matatumua MAIMOAGA
International organization participation: ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO,
G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO,
Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE
chancery: 820 Second Avenue, Suite 800D, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196, 6197
FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Josiah Horton BEEMAN (Ambassador to New
Zealand and Samoa, resides in Wellington, New Zealand)
embassy: 5th floor, Beach Road, Apia
mailing address: P.O. Box 3430, Apia
telephone: [685] 21631
FAX: [685] 22030
Flag description: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side
quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the
Southern Cross constellation
@Samoa:Economy
Economy-overview: The economy of Samoa has traditionally been
dependent on development aid, private family remittances from
overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to
devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force,
and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil,
and copra. Outside of a large automotive wire harness factory, the
manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Tourism
is an expanding sector; more than 70,0000 tourists visited the islands
in 1996. The 1998 Samoan budget calls for deregulation of the
financial sector, development of more financial investments, and
forecasts 3% to 4% growth.
GDP: purchasing power parity-$450 million (1996 est.)
GDP-real growth rate: 5.9% (1996 est.)
GDP-per capita: purchasing power parity-$2,100 (1996 est.)
GDP-composition by sector:
agriculture: 40%
industry: 25%
services: 35% (1996 est.)
Inflation rate-consumer price index: 7.5% (1996)
Labor force:
total: 82,500 (1991 est.)
by occupation: agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% (1995 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $52 million
expenditures: $99 million, including capital expenditures of $37
million (FY96/97 est.)
Industries: timber, tourism, food processing, fishing
Industrial production growth rate: 14% (1996 est.)
Electricity-capacity: 21,700 kW (1996 est.)
Electricity-production: 56.3 million kWh (1996 est.)
Electricity-consumption per capita: 310 kWh (1995)
Agriculture-products: coconuts, bananas, taro, yams
Exports:
total value: $10 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: coconut oil and cream, copra, fish, beer (1996)
partners: New Zealand 48%, American Samoa 11%, Australia 10%, Germany
7%, US 3% (1996)
Imports:
total value: $100 million (c.i.f., 1996)
commodities: intermediate goods 50%, food 26%, capital goods 12%
(1996)
partners: New Zealand 37%, Australia 22%, Fiji 15%, US 13%
Debt-external: $169.4 million (1996 est.)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA; $8.7 million bilateral aid from Australia (FY96/97
est.); $5 million bilateral aid from NZ (FY95/96)
Currency: 1 tala (WS$) = 100 sene
Exchange rates: tala (WS$) per US$1-2.7556 (January 1998), 2.5562
(1997), 2.4618 (1996), 2.4722 (1995), 2.5349 (1994), 2.5681 (1993)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 7,500 (1988 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: NA
international: satellite earth station-1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 76,000 (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 0
Televisions: 6,000 (1992 est.)
@Samoa:Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 790 km
paved: 332 km
unpaved: 458 km (1996 est.)
Ports and harbors: Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa
Merchant marine:
total: 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
3,838 GRT/5,536 DWT (1997 est.)
Airports: 3 (1997 est.)
Airports-with paved runways:
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (1997 est.)
Airports-with unpaved runways:
total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (1997 est.)
@Samoa:Military
Military branches: no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force
Military expenditures-dollar figure: $NA
Military expenditures-percent of GDP: NA%
@Samoa:Transnational Issues
Disputes-international: none
______________________________________________________________________
SAN MARINO
@San Marino:Geography
Location: Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Geographic coordinates: 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total: 60 sq km
land: 60 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area-comparative: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
total: 39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain: rugged mountains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Fiume Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 749 m
Natural resources: building stone
Land use:
arable land: 17%
permanent crops: NA%
permanent pastures: NA%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: 83% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: NA
Environment-current issues: NA
Environment-international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Geography-note: landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after
the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
@San Marino:People
Population: 24,894 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 16% (male 1,994; female 2,013)
15-64 years: 67% (male 8,480; female 8,282)
65 years and over: 17% (male 1,732; female 2,393) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.7% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 10.52 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 8.11 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: 4.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 81.42 years
male: 77.5 years
female: 85.34 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.51 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese
Ethnic groups: Sammarinese, Italian
Religions: Roman Catholic
Languages: Italian
Literacy:
definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 97%
female: 95% (1976 est.)
@San Marino:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form: San Marino
Data code: SM
Government type: republic
National capital: San Marino
Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli,
singular-castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano,
Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Independence: 301 AD (by tradition)
National holiday: Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3
September
Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the
functions of a constitution
Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Loris FRANCINI and
Captain Regent Alberto CECCHETTI (for the period 1 April-30 September
1998)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political
Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term
elections: co-chiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great
and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March
1998 (next to be held NA September 1998); secretary of state for
foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council
for a five-year term; election last held NA 1993 (next to be held NA
June 1998)
election results: Loris FRANCINI and Alberto CECCHETTI elected captain
regents; percent of legislative vote-NA; Gabriele GATTI elected
secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of
legislative vote-NA
note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council)
selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs
of State) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the
Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which
has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council;
assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of State-Foreign
Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance-and several additional
secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has assumed
many of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral Great and General Council or Consiglio
Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular
vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 30 May 1993 (next to be held by 31 May 1998)
election results: percent of vote by party-PDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP
18.6%, AP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats by party-PDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP
11, AP 4, MD 3, RC 2
Judicial branch: Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party or PDCS
[Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general]; Democratic Progressive Party or
PDP (formerly San Marino Communist Party or PSS) [Stefano MACINA,
secretary general]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Maurizio
RATTINI, secretary general]; Democratic Movement or MD [Emilio DELLA
BALDA]; Popular Alliance or AP [Antonella MULARONI]; Communist
Refoundation or RC [Giuseppe AMICHI]
International organization participation: CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in the US: San Marino does not have an
embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York
honorary consulate(s): Detroit
Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy
in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited
to San Marino
Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light
blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the
coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks)
flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word
LIBERTAS (Liberty)
@San Marino:Economy
Economy-overview: The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In
1995 more than 3.3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key
industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics.
Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level
of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy,
which supplies much of its food.
GDP: purchasing power parity-$500 million (1997 est.)
GDP-real growth rate: 4.8% (1994 est.)
GDP-per capita: purchasing power parity-$20,000 (1997 est.)
GDP-composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rate-consumer price index: 5.3% (1995)
Labor force:
total: 15,600 (1995)
by occupation: services 55%, industry 43%, agriculture 2% (1995)
Unemployment rate: 3.6% (April 1996)
Budget:
revenues: $320 million
expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $26
million (1995 est.)
Industries: tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity-capacity: NA kW
note: electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity-production: NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity-consumption per capita: NA kWh
Agriculture-products: wheat, grapes, maize, olives; cattle, pigs,
horses, meat, cheese, hides
Exports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;
commodities: building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked
goods, hides, and ceramics
Imports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;
commodities: wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Debt-external: $NA
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $NA
Currency: 1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note-also mints its
own coins
Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1-1,787.7 (January 1998),
1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996), 1,628.9 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994),
1,573.7 (1993)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 15,000 (1995 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into
Italian system
international: microwave radio relay and cable connections to Italian
network; no satellite earth stations
Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (1 private radio
broadcast station)
Radios: 15,000 (1994 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1991 est.)
note: receives broadcasts from Italy
Televisions: 9,000 (1994 est.)
@San Marino:Transportation
Railways: 0 km; note-there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the
city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Highways:
total: 220 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Ports and harbors: none
Airports: none
@San Marino:Military
Military branches: Voluntary Military Force, Police Force
Military expenditures-dollar figure: $3.7 million (1995)
Military expenditures-percent of GDP: 1% (1995)
@San Marino:Transnational Issues
Disputes-international: none
______________________________________________________________________
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
@Sao Tome and Principe:Geography
Location: Western Africa, island in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the
Equator, west of Gabon
Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 7 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 960 sq km
land: 960 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area-comparative: more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 209 km
Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Terrain: volcanic, mountainous
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Natural resources: fish
Land use:
arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 36%
permanent pastures: 1%
forests and woodland: NA%
other: 61% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 100 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment-current issues: deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Environment-international agreements:
party to: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification
@Sao Tome and Principe:People
Population: 150,123 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 48% (male 36,127; female 35,253)
15-64 years: 48% (male 34,980; female 37,555)
65 years and over: 4% (male 2,813; female 3,395) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.1% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 43.48 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 8.31 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: -4.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 54.55 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 64.34 years
male: 62.87 years
female: 65.86 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.19 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean
Ethnic groups: mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves),
forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers
from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of
servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Religions: Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day
Adventist
Languages: Portuguese (official)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 73%
male: 85%
female: 62% (1991 est.)
@Sao Tome and Principe:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe
local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe
local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
Data code: TP
Government type: republic
National capital: Sao Tome
Administrative divisions: 2 districts (concelhos, singular-concelho);
Principe, Sao Tome
Independence: 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
National holiday: Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Constitution: approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990
Legal system: based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991)
head of government: Prime Minister Raul Wagner BRAGANCA NETO (since 20
November 1996)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
proposal of the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 30 June and 15 July 1996 (next to be held in 2001);
prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the
president
election results: Miguel TROVOADA reelected president in Sao Tome's
second multiparty presidential election; percent of vote-NA
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia
Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to
serve five-year terms)
elections: parliament dissolved by President TROVOADA in July 1994;
early elections held 2 October 1994 (next to be held October 1998)
election results: percent of vote by party-MLSTP 49%, PCD-GR 25.5%,
ADI 25.5%; seats by party-MLSTP 27, PCD-GR 14, ADI 14
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the National
Assembly