total value: Greek Cypriot area: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and
shoes
partners: Russia 19.1%, Bulgaria 16.4%, UK 11.3%, Greece 6.3%, Germany
4.8%
total value: Turkish Cypriot area: $70.5 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: citrus, potatoes, textiles
partners: Turkey 48.2%, UK 21.3%, other EU 13.7%
Imports:
total value: Greek Cypriot area: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed
grains, machinery
partners: US 17.8%, UK 11.9%, Italy 9.7%, Germany 7.5%, Greece 7.6%
total value: Turkish Cypriot area: $318.4 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: food, minerals, chemicals, machinery
partners: Turkey 55.3%, UK 13.8%, other EU 11.6%
Debt-external: Greek Cypriot area: $1.56 billion (1997)
Economic aid: Greek Cypriot area: recipient-$187 million (1990-94) in
grants; Turkish Cypriot area: recipient-$700 million (1990-97) from
Turkey in grants and loans that are usually forgiven
Currency: 1 Cypriot pound (£C) = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100
kurus
Exchange rates: Cypriot pounds per US1$-0.5326 (January 1998), 0.5135
(1997), 0.4663 (1996), 0.4522 (1995), 0.4915 (1994), 0.4970 (1993);
Turkish liras (TL) per US$1-187,477 (November 1997), 81,405 (1996),
45,845.1 (1995), 29,608.7 (1994), 10,984.6 (1993)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: Greek Cypriot area: 367,000 (1996 est.); Turkish Cypriot
area: 80,000 (1996 est.)
Telephone system: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish
Cypriot areas
domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic
submarine cables; satellite earth stations-3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Radio broadcast stations: Greek Cypriot area: AM 4, FM 36, shortwave
1, Turkish Cypriot area: AM 2, FM 6, shortwave 0
Radios: Greek Cypriot area: 500,000 (1996 est.); Turkish Cypriot area:
130,000 (1996 est.)
Television broadcast stations: Greek Cypriot area: 8 (repeaters 34);
Turkish Cypriot area: 2
Televisions: Greek Cypriot area: 300,000 (1996 est.); Turkish Cypriot
area: 90,000 (1996 est.)
@Cyprus:Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: Greek Cypriot area: 10,415 km; Turkish Cypriot area: 2,350 km
paved: Greek Cypriot area: 5,947 km; Turkish Cypriot area: 1,370 km
unpaved: Greek Cypriot area: 4,468 km (1996 est.); Turkish Cypriot
area: 980 km
Ports and harbors: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos,
Vasilikos Bay
Merchant marine:
total: 1,533 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 23,330,565
GRT/37,272,825 DWT
ships by type: bulk 471, cargo 568, chemical tanker 23, combination
bulk 48, combination ore/oil 12, container 139, liquefied gas tanker
5, oil tanker 142, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo
54, roll-on/roll-off cargo 42, short-sea passenger 16, specialized
tanker 3, vehicle carrier 2
note: a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 45 countries
among which are Greece 673, Germany 159, Russia 57, Latvia 28,
Netherlands 25, Japan 24, Cuba 22, China 18, Belgium 17, and Poland
14; Cyprus owns 78 additional ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
2,623,560 DWT that operate under the registries of Antigua and
Barbuda, The Bahamas, Belize, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Hong Kong,
Liberia, Malta, Panama, and Philippines (1997 est.)
Airports: 15 (1997 est.)
Airports-with paved runways:
total: 12
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (1997 est.)
Airports-with unpaved runways:
total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (1997 est.)
Heliports: 4 (1997 est.)
@Cyprus:Military
Military branches: Greek Cypriot area: Greek Cypriot National Guard
(GCNG; includes air and naval elements); Hellenic Forces Regiment on
Cyprus (ELDYK); Greek Cypriot Police; Turkish Cypriot area: Turkish
Cypriot Security Force (TCSF), Turkish Forces Regiment on Cyprus
(KTKA), Turkish mainland army units
Military manpower-military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower-availability:
males age 15-49: 192,389 (1998 est.)
Military manpower-fit for military service:
males: 132,252 (1998 est.)
Military manpower-reaching military age annually:
males: 6,220 (1998 est.)
Military expenditures-dollar figure: $405 million (1996)
Military expenditures-percent of GDP: 5.4% (1996)
@Cyprus:Transnational Issues
Disputes-international: 1974 hostilities divided the island into two
de facto autonomous areas, a Greek Cypriot area controlled by the
internationally recognized Cypriot Government (59% of the island's
land area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (37% of the island), that are
separated by a UN buffer zone (4% of the island); there are two UK
sovereign base areas within the Greek Cypriot portion of the island
Illicit drugs: transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and
container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some
cocaine transits as well
______________________________________________________________________
CZECH REPUBLIC
@Czech Republic:Geography
Location: Central Europe, southeast of Germany
Geographic coordinates: 49 45 N, 15 30 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total: 78,703 sq km
land: 78,645 sq km
water: 58 sq km
Area-comparative: slightly smaller than South Carolina
Land boundaries:
total: 1,881 km
border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km,
Slovakia 215 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain: Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and
plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of
very hilly country
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Elbe River 115 m
highest point: Snezka 1,602 m
Natural resources: hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite
Land use:
arable land: 41%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 11%
forests and woodland: 34%
other: 12% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 240 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment-current issues: air and water pollution in areas of
northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present
health risks; acid rain damaging forests
Environment-international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
Geography-note: landlocked; strategically located astride some of
oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a
traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the
Danube in central Europe
@Czech Republic:People
Population: 10,286,470 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17% (male 907,744; female 864,202)
15-64 years: 69% (male 3,555,822; female 3,548,548)
65 years and over: 14% (male 541,031; female 869,123) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.11% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 8.96 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 10.92 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 6.79 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 74.11 years
male: 70.75 years
female: 77.65 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.17 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Czech(s)
adjective: Czech
note: 300,000 Slovaks declared themselves Czech citizens in 1994
Ethnic groups: Czech 94.4%, Slovak 3%, Polish 0.6%, German 0.5%, Gypsy
0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other 1%
Religions: atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%,
Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%
Languages: Czech, Slovak
Literacy:
definition: age NA and over can read and write
total population: 99% (est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
@Czech Republic:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Czech Republic
conventional short form: Czech Republic
local long form: Ceska Republika
local short form: Ceska Republika
Data code: EZ
Government type: parliamentary democracy
National capital: Prague
Administrative divisions: 8 regions (kraje, kraj-singular); Jihocesky,
Jihomoravsky, Praha, Severocesky, Severomoravsky, Stredocesky,
Vychodocesky, Zapadocesky
Independence: 1 January 1993 (from Czechoslovakia)
National holiday: National Liberation Day, 8 May; Founding of the
Republic, 28 October
Constitution: ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993
Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring
it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe
(OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Vaclav HAVEL (since 2 February 1993)
head of government: Prime Minister Josef TOSOVSKY (since 16 December
1997); Deputy Prime Ministers Josef LUX (since NA June 1992), Jaroslav
SEDIVY (since NA January 1998), Jiri SKALICKY (since NA June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of
the prime minister
elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term;
election last held 20 January 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003);
prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Vaclav HAVEL elected president; percent of
parliamentary vote-NA; Vaclav HAVEL received 47 of 81 votes in the
Senate and 99 out of 200 votes in the Chamber of Deputies (second
round of voting)
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the
Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to
serve staggered two-, four-, and six-year terms) and the Chamber of
Deputies or Snemovna Poslancu (200 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate-last held 15-16 and 22-23 November 1996 (next to be
held NA November 1998-to replace/re-elect 20 senators serving two-year
terms); Chamber of Deputies-last held 31 May-1 June 1996 (early
elections to be held NA June 1998)
election results: Senate-percent of vote by party-NA; seats by
party-governing coalition (ODS 32, KDU-CSL 13, ODA 7), opposition
(CSSD 25, KCSM 2, DEU 1, independent 1); Chamber of Deputies-percent
of vote by party-NA; seats by party - governing coalition (ODS 68,
KDU-CSL 18, ODA 13), opposition (CSSD 61, KCSM 22, SPR-RSC 18)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, chairman and deputy chairmen are
appointed by the president for life; Constitutional Court, chairman
and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for life
Political parties and leaders: Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Vaclav
KLAUS, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Jiri SKALICKY,
chairman]; Christian Democratic Union-Czech People's Party or KDU-CSL
[Josef LUX, chairman]; Czech Social Democrats or CSSD-left opposition
[Milos ZEMAN, chairman]; Communist Party or KSCM - left opposition
[Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Assembly for the Republic or
SPR-RSC-extreme right radical [Miroslav SLADEK, chairman]; Democratic
Union or DEU [Ratibor MAJZLIK, chairman]
note: the governing coalition resigned in November 1997; a caretaker
government, led by Prime Minister Josef TOSOVSKY, was appointed by
President HAVEL in December 1997; new general elections will most
likely be held in June 1998; there are three new parties that have not
been voted into office, but were created in the wake of Prime Minister
KLAUS' resignation: Freedom Union or US [Jan RUML, chairman],
Conservative Consensus Party [Ivan MASEK and Cestmir HOFHANZL], and
Party of the Democratic Center [Josef WAGNER, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders: Czech-Moravian Chamber of Trade
Unions; Civic Movement
International organization participation: Australia Group, BIS, CCC,
CE (guest), CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UPU, WEU (associate partner),
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Aleksandr VONDRA
chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 274-9101, 9102
FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Jenonne R. WALKER
embassy: Trziste 15, 11801 Prague 1
mailing address: Unit 28129, APO AE 09114; State pouch: American
Embassy Prague, Washington, DC 20521-5630
telephone: [420] (2) 5732-0663, 5731-3814
FAX: [420] (2) 5732-0584
Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red
with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (almost
identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia)
@Czech Republic:Economy
Economy-overview: Political and financial crises in 1997 shattered the
Czech Republic's image as one of the most stable and prosperous of
post-Communist states. Delays in enterprise restructuring and failure
to develop a well-functioning capital market played major roles in
Czech economic troubles, which culminated in a currency crisis in May.
The currency was forced out of its fluctuation band as investors
worried that the current account deficit, which reached about 8% of
GDP in 1996, would become unsustainable. After expending $3 billion in
vain to support the currency, the central bank let it float. The
growing current account imbalance reflected a surge in domestic demand
and poor export performance, as wage increases outpaced productivity.
The government was forced to introduce two austerity packages later in
the spring which cut government spending by 2.5% of GDP. A tough 1998
budget continues the painful medicine. These problems were compounded
in the summer of 1997 by unprecedented flooding which inundated much
of the eastern part of the country. Czech difficulties in 1997
contrast with earlier achievements of strong GDP growth, a balanced
budget, and inflation and unemployment that were among the lowest in
the region. The Czech economy's transition problems continue to be too
much direct and indirect government influence on the privatized
economy, the sometimes ineffective management of privatized firms, and
a shortage of experienced financial analysts for the banking system.
Prague forecasts a balanced budget, 2.2% GDP growth, 5.2%
unemployment, and 10% inflation for 1998.
GDP: purchasing power parity-$111.9 billion (1997 est.)
GDP-real growth rate: 0.7% (1997 est.)
GDP-per capita: purchasing power parity-$10,800 (1997 est.)
GDP-composition by sector:
agriculture: 5%
industry: 40.6%
services: 54.4% (1996)
Inflation rate-consumer price index: 10% (1997)
Labor force:
total: 5.124 million (1997)
by occupation: industry 33.1%, agriculture 6.9%, construction 9.1%,
transport and communications 7.2%, services 43.7% (1994)
Unemployment rate: 5% (1997 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $14.2 billion
expenditures: $14.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1997)
Industries: fuels, ferrous metallurgy, machinery and equipment, coal,
motor vehicles, glass, armaments
Industrial production growth rate: 6.9% (1996)
Electricity-capacity: 13.85 million kW (1994)
Electricity-production: 53.285 billion kWh (1995)
Electricity-consumption per capita: 5,069 kWh (1995)
Agriculture-products: grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit;
pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products
Exports:
total value: $21.7 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: machinery and equipment 32.7%, manufactured goods 28.8%,
raw materials and fuel 9.2%, food 4.1% (1996)
partners: EU 60.9%, CEFTA 21.4%, Slovakia 13.9%, EFTA 1.7% (1996)
Imports:
total value: $27.7 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: machinery and equipment 38.2%, manufactured goods 19.3%,
raw materials and fuels 12.4%, and food 5.6% (1996)
partners: EU 61.1%, CEFTA 16.3%, Slovakia 11.8%, EFTA 2.2% (1996)
Debt-external: $20.7 billion (1996)
Economic aid: $NA
Currency: 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru
Exchange rates: koruny (Kcs) per US$1-35.357 (January 1998), 31.698
(1997), 27.145 (1996), 26.541 (1995), 28.785 (1994), 29.153 (1993)
note: values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rates
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 3,349,539 (1993 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: NA
international: satellite earth stations-2 Intersputnik (Atlantic and
Indian Ocean regions)
Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
Radios: NA
Television broadcast stations: NA
Televisions: NA
@Czech Republic:Transportation
Railways:
total: 9,440 km
standard gauge: 9,344 km 1.435-m standard gauge (2,688 km electrified
at three voltages; 1,885 km double track)
narrow gauge: 96 km 0.760-m narrow gauge (1996)
Highways:
total: 55,489 km
paved: 55,489 km (including 423 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)
Waterways: NA km; the Elbe (Labe) is the principal river
Pipelines: natural gas 5,400 km
Ports and harbors: Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem
Merchant marine:
total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 110,233 GRT/192,998 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3 under Maltese flag, cargo 2 under the Cypriot
flag (1997 est.)
Airports: 66 (1997 est.)
Airports-with paved runways:
total: 33
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 13 (1997 est.)
Airports-with unpaved runways:
total: 33
914 to 1,523 m: 17
under 914 m: 16 (1997 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1997 est.)
@Czech Republic:Military
Military branches: Army, Air Force, Civil Defense
Military manpower-military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower-availability:
males age 15-49: 2,699,023 (1998 est.)
Military manpower-fit for military service:
males: 2,056,386 (1998 est.)
Military manpower-reaching military age annually:
males: 78,188 (1998 est.)
Military expenditures-dollar figure: $1.22 billion (1996)
Military expenditures-percent of GDP: 2.2% (1996)
@Czech Republic:Transnational Issues
Disputes-international: Liechtenstein claims restitution for 1,600 sq
km of territory in the Czech Republic confiscated from its royal
family in 1918; the Czech Republic insists that restitution does not
go back before February 1948, when the communists seized power;
individual Sudeten German claims for restitution of property
confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II;
unresolved property issues with Slovakia over redistribution of former
Czechoslovak federal property
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; domestic
consumption-especially of locally produced synthetic drugs-on the rise
______________________________________________________________________
DENMARK
@Denmark:Geography
Location: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea,
on a peninsula north of Germany
Geographic coordinates: 56 00 N, 10 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total: 43,094 sq km
land: 42,394 sq km
water: 700 sq km
note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest
of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Area-comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
Land boundaries:
total: 68 km
border countries: Germany 68 km
Coastline: 7,314 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 4 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 3 nm
Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool
summers
Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m
highest point: Ejer Bavnehoj 173 m
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone,
stone, gravel and sand
Land use:
arable land: 60%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 5%
forests and woodland: 10%
other: 25% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 4,350 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: flooding is a threat in some areas of the country
(e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of
Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Environment-current issues: air pollution, principally from vehicle
and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the
North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal
wastes and pesticides
Environment-international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear
Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,
Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the
Sea
Geography-note: controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat)
linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population
lives in Copenhagen
@Denmark:People
Population: 5,333,617 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 18% (male 496,886; female 471,891)
15-64 years: 67% (male 1,807,384; female 1,760,353)
65 years and over: 15% (male 330,385; female 466,718) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.49% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 12.18 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 11.08 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: 3.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 76.31 years
male: 73.64 years
female: 79.12 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.68 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Dane(s)
adjective: Danish
Ethnic groups: Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman
Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988)
Languages: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect), German
(small minority)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1980 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA%
@Denmark:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark
conventional short form: Denmark
local long form: Kongeriget Danmark
local short form: Danmark
Data code: DA
Government type: constitutional monarchy
National capital: Copenhagen
Administrative divisions: metropolitan Denmark-14 counties (amter,
singular-amt) and 2 kommunes*; (stad); Arhus, Bornholm,
Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavn*,
Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom,
Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg
note: see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which
are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative
divisions
Independence: in 10th century first organized as a unified state; in
1849 became a constitutional monarchy
National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)
Constitution: 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major
overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a
female chief of state