_Abacus_ The flat slab on the top of a capital.
_Ambulatory_ The processional aisle at the back of the
high altar.
_Apse_ The eastern termination—semicircular
or polygonal—of a choir or its aisles,
or of a transept.
_Arcade_ A series of arches.
_Pier-arcade_ The piers and arches separating the side-aisles
from the central aisle or nave.
_Battlement_ A notched or indented parapet.
_Bay_ The space between two piers from the floor to
the roof.
_Bosses_ The ornamented keystones of a vault.
_Buttress_ A projecting support to a wall.
_Cathedral_ Any church, large or small, which contains the
seat (_cathedra_) of a bishop.
_Chantry-chapels_ Private chapels; in which were chanted masses for
the repose of the soul of the founder of the
chapel.
_Chevet_ The ring of chapels round the east end of a choir
or its aisles: _e.g._ Westminster.
_Choir_ (1) That part of the church where the clergy or
monks sat. (2) The whole eastern limb of the
church.
_Clerestory_ The upper story of a church. Also the row of
windows in the upper story.
_Corbel_ A bracket of stone or wood.
_Corbel-table_ A row of corbels supporting a parapet or a
projecting roof.
_Crockets_ Tufts of leaves arranged in bands.
_Crossing_ The space where nave and transepts intersect.
Above it is often a central tower.
_Crypt_ The underground portion of a church.
_Cusps_ Spikes in the tracery of a window.
_Dripstone_ A projection running round the head of a window
to throw off the rain.
_Eaves_ That part of a roof which overhangs the wall.
_Elevation_ (1) A geometrical drawing (_i.e._ not in
perspective) of a vertical portion of a
building. (2) The portion so drawn.
_Façade_ The principal external elevation of a building.
_Feretory_ (1) A portable shrine. (2) That part of the
church which contained the pedestal of the
shrine: _e.g._ Winchester; also called Saint’s
Chapel.
_Fillet_ A narrow projecting stone band, like a piece of
tape; square in section.
_Flying buttresses_ Tilted arches rising from the buttresses of the
aisles to the clerestory wall to resist the
thrusts of the high vault.
_Gargoyle_ A projecting water-spout.
_Groined vault_ A vault which, instead of ribs, has sharp edges
or arrises.
_Hood-moulding_ An ornamental dripstone employed in interiors;
especially over pier-arches.
_Jambs_ The sides of a window or doorway.
_Label_ A dripstone over the exterior of a doorway.
_Lancets_ Sharp, pointed windows; in the shape of a
surgeon’s lancet.
_Lierne-vault_ Any vault which contains liernes: _i.e._, tie-ribs
on the surface, which do not spring from an
abacus, nor rise to the central boss.
_Miserere_ A carved bracket beneath the movable seat of a
stall.
_Moulding_ Any architectural member is said to be moulded when
its edge or surface presents continuous lines
of alternate projections and recesses.
_Mullions_ Vertical bars in a window.
_Nave_ The western limb of a church, (1) including or (2)
excluding its aisles.
_Ogee arch_ An arch, each side of which has a double curve;
the upper part concave, the lower part convex.
_Order_ A compound arch is one which is built up of two or
more Orders, or sub-arches, usually recessed.
_Parapet_ A low wall, not embattled, but with a horizontal
upper surface, at the foot of a roof.
_Piers_ The supports of arches; sometimes cylindrical,
sometimes polygonal; sometimes clusters of
columns; sometimes masses of masonry
ornamented with shafts.
_Pilaster_ A flattened column.
_Pinnacles_ Small spires employed to weight buttresses, etc.
_Plinth_ The pedestal of the base of a pier or shaft or wall.
_Piscina_ A water-drain, appertaining to the high altar.
(1) A niche. (2) A shaft. (3) An opening in
the pavement.
_Presbytery_ (1) The sanctuary only. (2) The whole of the space
between the ritual choir and the east end: _e.g._,
York and Lincoln and Ely—_i.e._, sanctuary plus
retro-choir.
_Quadripartite One in which each compartment is divided into four
vault_ cells by diagonal ribs.
_Quatrefoil_ An ornament with four lobes.
_Refectory_ The dining-hall or frater of a monastery.
_Reredos_ The screen at the back of a high altar: _e.g._,
Winchester.
_Ribs_ The arcs which intersect to support the filling-in
of a vault.
_Romanesque_ The style of Northern architecture intermediate
between that of the Early Christian Basilican
churches and that of the Gothic cathedrals.
Anglo-Norman or Norman is one of its
geographical subdivisions.
_Roll_ A rounded projecting moulding.
_Rood_ The crucifix.
_Rood-loft_ A beam, carrying the rood, placed above the
rood-screen. The place of the rood-screen
was at the west end of the ritual choir.
_Sanctuary_ The space between the ritual choir and the high
altar.
_Sedilia_ Seats for the priest and his assistants on the
south side of the sanctuary.
_Sexpartite vault_ One in which each compartment is divided into six
cells by four diagonal and two intermediate ribs.
_Shaft_ A slender column. VAULTING-SHAFTS supported a vault
or ceiling.
_Spandrils_ The triangular spaces on either side of an arch.
_Splay_ A window-jamb which slants outwardly or inwardly
from the glass.
_Springers_ The lower stones of the ribs of a vault.
_Stilted arch_ An arch elevated above the abacus by vertical
masonry.
_String-course A projecting moulding, usually horizontal, running
or String_ along a wall.
_Thrust_ The pressure exerted laterally and downward by an
arch or vault.
_Tracery_ The straight or curved bars of stone which separate
the lights in the arched part of a window.
_Transept_ A cross-arm of a church.
_Transoms_ Horizontal cross-bars of stone in a window.
_Trefoil_ An ornament with three lobes.
_Triforium_ (1) The space between the vault and the lean-to
roof of an aisle. (2) The arcade in front of it.
The triforium-space often forms a BLIND STORY.
_Tympanum_ (1) The space between the lintel and arch of a
doorway. (2) The space enclosed by the triangular
outline of a gable.
_Vault_ An inner roof of stone.
_Voussoir_ Each stone in an arch or rib is a voussoir. The
principal voussoir is the keystone, which may be
enlarged so as to form a boss, or still further
enlarged so as to form a pendant.
[Illustration: PEEL, ST. GERMAIN, INTERIOR.]
Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.