and killed every one on both sides, "sparing neither friend nor
foe."--George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, _The Rehearsal_ (1671).
Juan, who was a little superficial,
And not in literature a great Drawcansir.
Byron, _Don Juan_, xi. 51 (1824).
At length my enemy appeared, and I went forward some yards like a
Drawcansir, but found myself seized with a panic as Paris was when he
presented himself to fight with Menelaus.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii.
(1735).
DREAM AUTHORSHIP. Coleridge says that he wrote his _Kubla Khan_ from
his recollection of a dream.
[Illustration] Condillac (says Cabanis) concluded in his dreams the
reasonings left incomplete at bed-time.
_Dreams_. The Indians believe all dreams to be revelations, sometimes
made by the familiar genius, and sometimes by the "inner or divine
soul." An Indian, having dreamt that his finger was cut off, had it
really cut off the next day.--Charlevoix, _Journal of a Voyage to
North America_.
DREAM´ER (_The Immortal_), John Bunyan, whose _Pilgrim's Progress_ is
said by him to be a dream (1628-1688).
[Illustration] The pretense of a dream was one of the most common
devices of mediaeval romance, as, for example, the _Romance of the
Rose_ and _Piers Plowman_, both in the fourteenth century.
DREARY (_Wat_), _alias_ BROWN WILL, one of Macheath's gang of thieves.
He is described by Peachum as "an irregular dog, with an underhand
way of disposing of his goods" (act i.1).--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_
(1727).
DREW (_Timothy_). A half-witted cobbler who, learning that a tailor
had advertised for "frogs," catches a bagful and carries them to him,
demanding one dollar a hundred. The testy tailor imagining himself
the victim of a hoax, throws his shears at his head, and Timothy,
in revenge empties the bag of bull-frogs upon the clean floor of
Buckram's shop. Next day Timothy's sign was disfigured to read--_Shoes
Mended and Frogs Caught. By Timothy Drew._--_The Frog Catcher_, Henry
J. Finn, American Comic Annual 1831.
DRINK used by actors, orators, etc.
BRAHAM, bottled porter.
CATLEY (_Miss_), linseed tea and madeira.
COOKE (_G. F._), everything drinkable.
EMERY, brandy-and-water (cold).
GLADSTONE (_W. E._), an egg beaten up in sherry.
HENDERSON, gum arabic and sherry.
INCLEDON, madeira.
JORDAN (_Mrs._), calves'-foot jelly dissolved in warm sherry.
KEAN (_Edmund_), beef-tea for breakfast, cold brandy.
LEWIS, mulled wine (with oysters).
OXBERRY, tea.
SMITH (_William_), coffee.
WOOD (_Mrs._), draught porter.
[Illustration] J Kemble took opium.
_Drink_. "_I drink the air_," says Ariel, meaning "I will fly with
great speed."
In _Henry IV_. we have "devour the way," meaning the same thing.
DRI'VER, clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate.
Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
DRIVER OF EUROPE. The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so
called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over Europe,
and ruled by them all the political cabals.
DRO'GIO, probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager
named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he
discovered. It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland (_Labrador_),
but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern
geographers, and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great
measure, hypothetical.
DRO'MIO _(The Brothers_), two brothers, twins, so much alike that even
their nearest friends and masters knew not one from the other. They
were the servants of two masters, also twins and the exact facsimiles
of each other. The masters were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus
of Syracuse.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).
(_The Comedy of Errors_ is borrowed from the _Menoechmi_ of Plautus).
DRONSDAUGHTER (_Tronda_), the old serving-woman of the
Yellowleys.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).
DROP SERENE (_Gutta Serena_). It was once thought that this sort of
blindness was an incurable extinction of vision by a transparent
watery humor distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blindness,
but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort
of blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels,
and in some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own
blindness, expresses a doubt whether it arose from the _Gutta Serena_
or the _suffusion of a cataract_.
So thick a 'drop serene' hath quenched their orbs,
Or dim 'suffusion' veiled.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 25 (1665).
DROOD (_Edwin_), hero of Charles Dickens' unfinished novel of that
name.
DRUDGEIT (_Peter_), clerk to Lord Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott,
_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
DRUGGER (_Abel_), a seller of tobacco; artless and gullible in
the extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle "the
alchemist" to know on which side to set the shop door, how to dispose
the shelves so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his
customers, and when it would be unlucky for him so to do.--Ben Jonson,
_The Alchemist_ (1610).
Thomas Weston was "Abel Drugger" himself [1727-1776], but David
Garrick was fond of the part also [1716-1779].--C. Dibdin, _History of
the Stage_.
DRUGGET, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his
daughters to Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is "very fond of his garden,"
but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden with leaden
images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and
other similar abominations. He is very headstrong, very passionate,
and very fond of flattery.
_Mrs. Druggett_, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles,
and, like a wise woman, never rubs the hair the wrong way.--A. Murphy,
_Three Weeks after Marriage_.
DRUID (_The_), the _nom de plume_ of Henry
Dixon, sportsman and sporting-writer; One of his books, called
_Steeple-chasing_, appeared in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. His last
work was called _The Saddle and Sirloin._
[Illustration] Collins calls James Thomson (author of _The Seasons_) a
druid, meaning a pastoral British poet or "Nature's High Priest."
In yonder grave a Druid lies.
Collins (1746).
_Druid (Dr.)_, a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling
tutor of Lord Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and
antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without
any knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at
all.
"Money and trade, I scorn 'em both; ...I have traced the Oxus and
the Po, traversed the Riphæan Mountains, and pierced into the inmost
deserts of Kilmuc Tartary ...I have followed the ravages of Kuli
Chan with rapturous delight. There is a land of wonders; finely
depopulated; gloriously laid waste; fields without a hoof to tread
'em; fruits without a hand to gather 'em: with such a catologue
of pats, peetles, serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and
putterflies! Oh, 'tis a recreating contemplation indeed to a
philosophic mind!"--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
DRUID MONEY, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says:
"Druidæ pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri."
Like money by the Druids borrowed,
In th' other world to be restored.
Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 1 (1678).
[Illustration] Purchase tells us of certain priests of Pekin, "who
barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a
hundredfold."--_Pilgrims_, iii. 2.
DRUM _(Jack), Jack Drum's entertainment_ is giving a guest the cold
shoulder.
Shakespeare calls it "John Drum's entertainment" (_All Well,
etc_., act iii. sc. 6), and Holinshead speaks of "Tom Drum his
entertaynement, which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him
out by both the shoulders."
DRUMMLE (_Bentley_) AND STARTOP, two young men who read with Mr.
Pocket. Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fellow, who marries
Estella.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
DRUNKEN PARLIAMENT, a Scotch parliament assembled at Edinburgh,
January I, 1661.
It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance;
and no wonder it was so, when the men
of affairs were almost perpetually drunk.--Burnet,
_His Own Time_ (1723-34).
DRUON "the Stern," one of the four knights who attacked Britomart and
Sir Scudamore (3 _syl_.).
The warlike dame _(Britomart)_ was on her part assaid
By Clarabel and Blandamour at one;
While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid
On Scudamore, both his professèd fone [_foes_].
Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9 (1596).
DRUSES (_Return of the_). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of Syria,
being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'adês, and
place themselves under the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. These
knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik
massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maä'ni, and entertains the idea of
revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he
gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth,
and soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to
murder the prefect of the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice,
if Venice will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 _syl_.), a
young woman stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disappointment when
she discovers that Djabal is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself
when his imposition is made public, but Loys, (2 _syl_.) a Brenton
count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Robert Browning.--_The Return
of the Druses_.
[Illustration] Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000
or 200,000, settled in Syria, between Djebail and Saïde, but their
original seat was Egypt. They quitted Egypt from persecution, led by
Dara'zi or Durzi, from whom the name Druse (1 _syl_.) is derived. The
founder of the sect was the hakêm B'amr-ellah (eleventh century),
believed to be incarnate deity, and the last prophet who communicated
between God and man. From this founder the head of the sect was called
the _hakêm_, his residence being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth
or fourteenth century the Druses were banished from Syria, and lived
in exile in some of the Sporadês but were led back to Syria early in
the fifteenth century by Count Loys de Duex, a new convert. Since 1588
they have been tributaries of the sultan.
What say you does this wizard style himself--
Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatimite?
What is this jargon? He the insane prophet,
Dead near three hundred years!
Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_.
DRYAS or DRYAD, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of her
tree (Greek, [Greek: dryas, dryados].)
"The quickening power of the soul," like Martha, "is busy about
many things," or like "a Dryas living in a tree."--Sir John Davies,
_Immortality of the soul_, xii.
DRY-AS-DUST (_The Rev. Doctor_), an hypothetical person whom Sir
W. Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of
prefatory letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding
historian, with great show of learning, but very little attractive
grace.
DRYDEN OF GERMANY _(The)_, Martin Opitz, sometimes called "The Father
of German Poetry" (1597-1639).
DRYEESDALE _(Jasper)_, the old steward at Lochleven Castle.--Sir W.
Scott, _The Abott_ (time, Elizabeth).
DRY'OPE (3 _syl_.), daughter of King Dryops, beloved by Apollo.
Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryopê
into her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that
Dryopê was changed into a lotus _(Met_., x. 331).
DUAR'TE (3 _syl_), the vainglorious son of Guiomar.--Beaumont and
Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
DUBOSC, the great thief, who robs the night-mail from Lyons, and
murders the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph
Lesurques (act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken.--Ed. Stirling,
_The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).
DUBOURG-_(Mons.)_, a merchant at Bordeaux, and agent there of
Osbaldistone of London.
_Clement Dubourg_, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of
Osbaldistone, merchant.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).
DUBRIC _(St.)_ or St. Dubricius, archbishop of the City of Legions
_(Caerleon-upon-Usk_; Newport is the only part left.) He set the
crown on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says
(_British history_, ix. 12); This prelate, who was primate of Britain,
was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick person by
his prayers. St. Dubric abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving David
his successor. Tennyson introduced him in his _Coming of Arthur,
Enid_, etc.
Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth
carry.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint.
Chief of the Church in Britain, and before
The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king
That morn was married.
Tennyson, _The Coming of Arthur_.
DUCHO´MAR was in love with Morna, daughter of Comac, king of Ireland.
Out of jealousy, he slew Câthba, his more successful rival, went to
announce his death to Morna, and then asked her to marry him. She
replied she had no love for him, and asked for his sword. "He gave the
sword to her tears," and she stabbed him to the heart. Duchômar begged
the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die; and
when she approached him for the purpose, "he seized the sword from
her, and slew her."
"Duchômar, most gloomy of men; dark are thy brows and terrible; red
are thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not," said Morna; "hard is thy
heart of rock, and dark is thy terrible brow."--Ossian, _Fingal_, i.
DUCHRAN (_The laird of_), a friend of Baron Bradwardine.--Sir W.
Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
DU CROISY and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young
ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The silly girls fancy
the manners of these gentlemen "too unaffected and easy to be
aristocratic"; so the gentlemen send to them their valets, as "the
viscount de Jodelet," and "the marquis of Mascarille." The girls are
delighted whith their titled visitors; but when the game had gone far
enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the
girls are taught a useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal
consequence.--Molière, _Les Prècieuses Ridicules_ (1659).
DUDLEY, a young artist; a disguise assumed by Harry Bertram.--Sir W.
Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
_Dudley_ (_Captain_), a poor English officer, of strict honor, good
family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty
years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family.
_Charles Dudley_, son of Captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous,
generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with his cousin Charlotte
Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is
rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he
becomes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin.
_Louisa Dudley_, daughter of Captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh,
and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom
ultimately she is married.--Cumberland, _The West Indian_ (1771).
DUDLEY DIAMOND (_The_). In 1868 a black shepherd named Swartzboy
brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it
£400, with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for
£12,000; and the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Roskell £30,000
for it. It weighed in the rough 88 1/2 carats, but cut into a heart
shape it weighs 44 1/2 carats. It is triangular in shape, and of great
brilliancy.
[Illustration] This magnificent diamond, that called the "Stewart"
_(q. v_.), and the "Twin," have all been discovered in Africa since
1868.
DUDU, one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Juan, by the
sultan's order, had been admitted in female attire. Next day, the
sultana, out of jealousy, ordered that both Dudù and Juan should be
stitched in a sack and cast into the sea; but by the connivance of
Baba the chief eunuch, they affected their escape.--Byron, _Don
Juan_, vi. 42, etc.
A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudu ...
But she was pensive more than melancholy ...
The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was
holy.
Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen.
Canto vi. 42-44 (1824).
DUENNA _(The)_, a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret, the
duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of Don Jerome.
Louisa is in love with Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville; but
her father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Mendoza, a
rich Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's
arrangement, he locks her up in her chamber, and turns the duenna out
of doors, but in his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter
out, and locks up the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the
lady, elopes with her, and is duly married. Louisa flees to the
convent of St. Catharine, and writes to her father for his consent to
her marriage to the man of her choice; and Don Jerome supposing she
means the Jew, gives it freely, and she marries Antonio. When they
meet at breakfast at the old man's house, he finds that Isaac has
married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio, and his son has
married Clara; but the old man is reconciled and says, "I am an
obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all find me
steady in the right."
DUESSA _(false faith_), is the personification of the papacy. She
meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy _(infidelity)_,
and when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being
overtaken, she says her name is Fidessa _(true faith)_, deceives
the knight, and conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he
encounters Sansjoy (canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds of the Red
Cross Knight, but places Sansjoy under the care of Escula'pius in the
infernal regions (canto 4). The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace
of Lucifera, and Duessa induces him to drink of the "Enervating
Fountain;" Orgoglio then attacks him, and would have slain him if
Duessa had not promised to be his bride. Having cast the Red Cross
Knight into a dungeon, Orgoglio dresses his bride in most gorgeous
array, puts on her head "a triple crown" _(the tiara of the pope_),
and sets her on a monster beast with "seven heads" _(the seven hills
of Rome_). Una _(truth)_ sends Arthur (England) to rescue the captive
knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast, releases the
knight, and strips Duessa of her finery _(the Reformation_);
whereupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her shame (canto
7).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. (1590).
_Duessa_, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned
by Zeal before Queen Mercilla _(Elizabeth)_, and charged with high
treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present "her counsels
false conspired" with Blandamour _(earl of Northumberland)_, and
Paridel _(earl of Westmoreland_), leaders of the insurrection of 1569,
as that wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now
"an untitled queen." When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the
Kingdom's Care _(Lord Burghley)_ spoke, and opinions were divided.
Authority, Law of Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but
Pity, Danger, Nobility of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal
then charges the prisoner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd
impiety; whereupon the sentence of the court is given against her.
Queen Mercilla, being called on to pass sentence, is so overwhelmed
with grief that she rises and leaves the court.--Spenser, _Faëry
Queen_, v. 9 (1596).
DUFF _(Jamie)_, the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's funeral.--Sir
W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
DUKE _(My lord_), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title of
his master, and is addressed as "Your grace," or "My lord duke." He
was first a country cowboy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and then
a duke's servant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great
coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman.--Rev. J. Townley,
_High Life Below Stairs_ (1763).
_Duke (The Iron_), the duke of Wellington, also called "The Great
Duke" (1769-1852).
DUKE AND DUCHESS, in pt. II. of _Don Quixote_, who play so many
sportive tricks on "the Knight of the Woeful Countenance," were Don
Carlos de Borja, count of Ficallo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, duchess
of Villaher'mora, his wife, in whose right the count held extensive
estates on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called
Buena'via, the place referred to by Cervantês (1615).
DUKE OF MIL'AN, a tragedy by Massinger (1622). A play evidently
in imitation of Shakespeare's _Othello_. "Sforza" is Othollo;
"Francesco," Iago: "Marcelia," Desdemona: and "Eugenia," Emilia.
Sforza "the More" [_sic_] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply
returned his love. Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being left lord
protector of Milan during a temporary absence of the duke, tried
to corrupt Marcelia; but failing in this, accused her to Sforza of
wantonness. The duke, believing his favorite, slew his beautiful young
bride. The cause of Francesco's villainy was that the duke had seduced
his sister Eugenia.
[Illustration] Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven
years before Massinger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have "Men's injuries
we write in brass," which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, "Men's
evil manners live in brass, their virtues we write in water."
(Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780).
DUKE COMBE, William Combe, author of _Dr. Syntax_, and translator of
_The Devil upon Two Sticks_, from _Le Diable Boiteux_ of Lesage. He
was called _duke_ from the splendor of his dress, the profusion of his
table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years
of his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823).
DULCAMA'RA _(Dr.)_, an itinerant physician, noted for his pomposity;
very boastful, and a thorough charlatan.--Donizetti, _L'Elisire
d'Amore_ (1832).
DULCARNON. (See DHU'L KARNEIN.)
DULCIFLUOUS DOCTOR, Antony Andreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns
Scotus school (_-1320).
DULCIN'EA DEL TOBO'SO, the lady of Don Quixote's devotion. She was a
fresh-colored country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don
was once in love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. Her father was
Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogalês. Sancho Panza
describes her in pt. I. ii. 11.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. I
(1605).
"Her flowing hair," says the knight, "is of
gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eyebrows
two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of
glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her
lips two coral portals that guard her teeth of
Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands
are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than
the new-fallen snow."
Ask you for whom my tears do flow so?
'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso.
_Don Quixote_, I iii. 11 (1605).
DULL, a constable.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594).
DU'MACHUS. The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's _Golden
Legend_, and the penitent thief is called Titus.
In the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemis_, the impenitent thief is
called Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas.
In the story of _Joseph of Arimathea_, the impenitent thief is called
Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas.
Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas.
_A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves_.
Dismas in paradise would dwell,
But Gesmas chose his lot in hell.
DUMAIN, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand, king of Navarre. He
agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time
no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken
as soon as made and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When however,
he proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months
and a day, hoping by that time "his face would be more bearded," for,
she said, "I'll mark no words that smoothfaced wooers say."