commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be
motherless. When her foster-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out
of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, and the people of Tarsus,
hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon
are burnt to death in the flames,--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of
Tyre_ (1608).
DIONYS'IUS, tyrant of Syracuse, dethroned Evander, and imprisoned him
in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death.
But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own
breast. Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a
tomb, saw there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him,
when Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he
fell dead at her feet.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772).
[Illustration] In this tragedy there are several gross historical
errors. In act i. the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who
was dethroned, and went in exile to Corinth; but the elder Dionysius
died in Syracuse, at the age of 63, and it was the _younger_ Dionysius
who was dethroned by Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. he makes
Euphrasia kill the tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave
Sicily, and retired to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous
living, etc.
_Dionys'ius_ [THE ELDER] was appointed sole general of the Syracusan
army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon "the
Pythagorean" opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab "the
tyrant," but was arrested and condemned to death. The incidents
whereby he was saved are to be found under the article DA'MON (q.v.).
_Damon and Pythias_, a drama by R. Edwards (1571), and another by John
Banim, in 1825.
_Dionys'ius_ [THE YOUNGER], being banished from Syracuse, went to
Corinth and turned schoolmaster.
Corinth's pedagogue hath now
Transferred his byword _[tyrant]_ to thy brow.
Byron, _Ode to Napoleon_.
DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE was one of the judges of the Areopagite when
St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings, fabricated
by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely ascribed
to him. The _Isido'rian Decretals_ is a somewhat similar forgery by
Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years after
Isidore.
The error of those doctrines so vicious
Of the old Areopagite Dionysius.
Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
DIOSCU'RI _(sons of Zeus_), Castor and Pollux. Generally, but
incorrectly, accented on the second syllable.
DIOTI'MA, the priestess of Mantineia in Plato's _Symposium_, the
teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end,
and aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socratês died of hemlock.
Beneath an emerald plane
Sits Diotima, teaching him that died
Of Hemlock.
Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.
DIPLOMATISTS _(Prince of_), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de Pèrigord
(1754-1838).
DIPSAS, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered from
intolerable thirst. (Greek, _dipsa_, "thirst.") Milton refers to it in
_Paradise Lost_, x. 526 (1665).
DIPSODES (2 _syl_.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by King
Anarchus, and subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28).
Pantagruel afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand
million men from Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men),
besides women, children, workmen, professors, and peasant-laborers
(bk. iii. I).--Rabelais, _Pantag'ruel_ (1545).
DIP'SODY, the country of the Dipsodes (2 _syl), q.v._
DIRCÆ'AN SWAN, Pindar; so called from Dircê, a fountain in the
neighborhood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442.)
DIRLOS or D'YRLOS (_Count_), a paladin, the embodiment of valor,
generosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East, where
he conquered Aliar'dê, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found his
young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charlemagne's peers).
The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the
occasion.
DISASTROUS PEACE (_The_), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambrésis, by
which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and
Corsica (1559).
DIS'MAS, the penitent thief; Gesmas the impenitent one.
DISTAFFI'NA, the troth-plight wife of General Bombastês; but
Artaxaminous, king of Utopia, promised her "half a crown" if she
would forsake the general for himself--a temptation too great to be
resisted. When the general found himself jilted, he retired from the
world, hung up his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to
remove them. The king cut the boots down, and the general cut the king
down. Fusbos, coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate.
At the close of the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the
dance, promising "to die again to-morrow," if the audience desire
it.--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_ (1790.)
Falling on one knee, he put both hands on
his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the
manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to
Distaffina.--E. Sargent.
DISTRESSED MOTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Ambrose Philips (1712). The
"distressed mother" is Androm'achê, the widow of Hector. At the fall
of Troy she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot of Pyrrhus, king of
Epirus, Pyrrhus fell in love with her and wished to marry her, but she
refused him. At length an embassy from Greece, headed by Orestês, son
of Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus to demand the death of Astyanax, lest
in manhood he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told
Andromachê he would protect her son, and defy all Greece, if she would
consent to marry him; and she yielded. While the marriage rites were
going on, the Greek ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. As
he fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became
queen of Epirus, and the Greeks hastened to their ships in flight.
This play is an English adaptation of Racine's _Andromaque_ (1667).
Ditchley _(Gaffer)_, one of the miners employed by Sir Geoffrey
Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
DITHYRAMBIC POETRY _(Father of_), Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625).
DITTON _(Thomas)_ footman of the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham
Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
DIVAN _(The)_, the supreme council and court of justice of the
caliphs. The abbassides always sat in person in this court to aid
in the redress of wrongs. It was called "a divan" from the benches
covered with cushions on which the members sat.--D'Herbelot,
_Bibliothèque Orientate_, 298.
DIVE _[deev]_, a demon in Persian mythology. In the mogul's palace at
Lahore, there used to be several pictures of these dives (1 _syl_),
with long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws,
long tails, and other horrible deformities.
DI'VER (_Colonel_), editor of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, in
America. His air was that of a man oppressed by a sense of his own
greatness, and his physiognomy was a map of cunning and conceit.--C.
Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844.)
DI'VES (2 _syl_.), the name popularly given to the "rich man" in
our Lord's parable of the rich man and Lazarus; in Latin, _Divês et
Lazarus_.--_Luke_ xvi.
DIVI'NA COMME'DIA, the first poem of note ever written in the Italian
language. It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is divided into
three parts: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante' called it a
_comedy_, because the ending is happy; and his countrymen added the
word _divine_ from admiration of the poem. The poet depicts a vision,
in which he is conducted, first by Virgil (_human reason_,) through
hell and purgatory; and then by Beatrice (_revelation_), and finally
by St. Bernard, through the several heavens, where he beholds the
Triune God.
"Hell," is represented as a funnel-shaped hollow, formed of gradually
contracting circles, the lowest and smallest of which is the earth's
centre. (See INFERNO, 1300).
"Purgatory" is a mountain rising solitarily from the ocean on that
side of the earth which is opposite to us. It is divided into
terraces, and its top is the terrestrial paradise. (See PURGATORY,
1308).
From this "top" the poet ascends through the seven planetary heavens,
the fixed stars, and the "primum mobile" to the empyre'an or seat of
God. (See PARADISE, 1311).
DIVINE (_The_), St. John the evangelist, called "John the Divine."
Raphael, the painter, was called _Il Divino_ (1483-1520).
Luis Moralês, a Spanish painter, was called _El Divino_ (1509-1586).
Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet (1516-1595).
DIVINE DOCTOR _(The)_, Jean de Ruysbroek, the mystic (1294-1381).
DIVINE SPEAKER _(The)_ Tyr'tamos, usually known as Theophrastos
("divine speaker"), was so called by Aristotle (B.C. 370-287).
DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS. The dogma that _Kings can do no wrong_ is based
on a dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, viz., that kings are
subject to no man so long as they rule by God's law.--_Hincmar's
Works_, i. 693.
DIVINING ROD, a forked branch of hazel suspended between the balls
of the thumbs. The inclination of this rod indicates the presence of
water-springs and precious metals.
Now to rivulets from the mountains
Point the rods of fortune-tellers.
Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.
[Illustration] Jacques Aymar of Crôle was the most famous of all
diviners. He lived in the latter half of the seventeenth century and
the beginning of the eighteenth. His marvellous faculty attracted the
attention of Europe. M. Chauvin, M.D., and M. Garnier, M.D., published
carefully written accounts of his wonderful powers, and both were
eye-witnesses thereof.--See S. Baring-Gould, _Myths of the Middle
Ages_.
DIVINITY. There are four professors of divinity at Cambridge, and
three at Oxford. Those at _Cambridge_ are the Hul'sean, the Margaret,
the Norrisian, and the Regius. Those at _Oxford_ are the Margaret, the
Regius, and one for Ecclesiastical History.
DIVI'NO LODOV'ICO, Ariosto, author of _Orlando Furioso_ (1474-1533).
DIXIE'S LAND, the land of milk and honey to American negroes. Dixie
was a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who removed his slaves to the
Southern States, where they had to work harder and fare worse; so
that they were always sighing for their old home, which they called
"Dixie's Land." Imagination and distance soon advanced this island
into a sort of Delectable Country or land of Beulah.
This is but one of many explanations given of the origin of a phrase
that, during the Civil War (1861-1865) came to be applied to the
Seceding States. The song "Dixie's Land" was supposed to be sung by
exiles from the region south of Mason and Dixon's line.
"Away down South in Dixie,
I wish I were in Dixie,
In Dixie's Land
I'd take my stand
To live and die in Dixie."
DIXON, servant to Mr. Richard Vere (1 _syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The
Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
DIZZY, a nickname of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield
(1804-1881).
DJA'BAL, son of Youssof, a sheikh, and saved by Maä'ni, in the great
massacre of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers in the Spo'radês.
He resolves to avenge this massacre, and gives out that he is Hakeem',
the incarnate god, their founder, returned to earth to avenge their
wrongs and lead them back to Syria. His imposture being discovered, he
kills himself, but Loys _[Lo'.iss]_, a young Breton count, leads the
exiles back to Lebanon. Djabal is Hakeem, the incarnate Dread, The
phantasm khalif, king of Prodigies.
Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i.
DOBBIN _(Captain_, afterwards _Colonel_), son of Sir William Dobbin,
a London tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, with huge feet;
but faithful and loving, with a large heart and most delicate
appreciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is proud and fond of Captain
George Osborne from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, George's
wife. When she has been a widow for some ten years, he marries
her.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
DOBBS'S HORSE, Charley Dobbs, setting off to California, gives his
best friend Theophilus an order for "a good sound family horse, not
young, but the safer for all that," that had once belonged to his
mother. He is boarding the creature on a farm in Westchester County,
and his friend is welcome to the use of him.
Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the household in many a sense of the
word. He refuses to be fattened: he balks; he has colic and spasms; he
lies down in harness; he impales himself upon a broken rail; he
keels over upon the grass, whizzing like a capsized engine; he bites
himself--and has driven the family to the verge of insanity when Dobbs
returns and upon beholding the "noble old fellow," shouts that they
have the wrong horse! "This is one I sold long ago for fifteen
dollars!"--Mary Mapes Dodge, _Theophilus and Others_ (1876).
DOBBINS _(Humphrey)_, the confidential servant of Sir Robert Bramble
of Blackberry Hall, in the county of Kent. A blunt old retainer, most
devoted to his master. Under a rough exterior he concealed a heart
brimful of kindness, and so tender that a word would melt it.--George
Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).
DOBU'NI, called _Bodu'ni_ by Dio; the people of Gloucestershire and
Oxfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
DOCTOR (_The_), a romance by Souther. The doctor's name is Dove, and
his horse "Nobbs."
_Doctor_ (_The Admirable_), Roger Bacon (1214-1292).
_The Angelic Doctor_, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), "fifth doctor of the
Church."
_The Authentic Doctor_, Geogory of Rimini (_-1357).
_The Divine Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).
_The Dulcifluous Doctor_, Antonio Andreas, (_-1320).
_The Ecstatic Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).
_The Eloquent Doctor_, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth
century).
_The Evangelical Doctor_, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384).
_The Illuminated Doctor_, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or _Most
Enlightened Doctor_.
_The Invincible Doctor_, William Occam (1276-1347).
_The Irrefragable Doctor_, Alexander Hales (_-1245.)
_The Mellifluous Doctor_, St. Bernard (1091-1153).
_The Most Christian Doctor_, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429).
_The Most Methodical Doctor_, John Bassol(_-1347).
_The Most Profound Doctor_, Ægidius de Columna (_-1316).
_The Most Resolute Doctor_, Durand de St. Pourçain (1267-1332).
_The Perspicuous Doctor_, Walter Burley (fourteenth century).
_The Profound Doctor_, Thomas Bradwardine (_-1349).
_The Scholastic Doctor_, Anselm of Laon (1050-1117).
_The Seraphic Doctor_, St. Bonaventura (1211-1274).
_The Solemn Doctor_, Henry Goethals (1227-1293).
_The Solid Doctor_, Richard Middleton (_-1304).
_The Subtle Doctor_, Duns Scotus (1265-1308), or _Most Subtle Doctor_.
_The Thorough Doctor_, William Varro (thirteenth century).
_The Universal Doctor_, Alain de Lille (1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas,
(1224-1274).
_The Venerable Doctor_, William de Champeaux (_-1126).
_The Well-founded Doctor_, Ægidius Romanus (_-1316).
_The Wise Doctor_, John Herman Wessel (1409-1489).
_The Wonderful Doctor_, Roger Bacon (1214-1292).
DOCTOR'S TALE _(The)_, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_, is the Roman
story of Virginius given by Livy. This story is told in French in the
_Roman de la Rose_, ii. 74, and by Gower in his _Confessio Amantis_,
vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example,
in _French_, Mairét (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683);
Chabenon (1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud
(1827); Latour St. Ybars (1845). In _Italian_, Alfieri (1784); in
_German_, Lessing (1775); and in _English_, Knowles, (1829).
DOCTOR'S WIFE _(The,)_ a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from _Madam
Bovary_, a French novel.
DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. The _Greek_ Church recognizes four doctors,
viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John
Chrysostom. The _Latin_ Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome,
St. Ambrose and St. Gregory _the Great_.
DODGER _(The Artful_), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful
thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.--C.
Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837).
DODINGTON, whom Thomson invokes in his _Summer_, is George Bubb
Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope
ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the
"Orders of Periwigs."
DOD'IPOL, _(Dr.)_, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the
proverb, _Wise as Dr. Dodipoll_, meaning "_not wise at all._"
DODON or rather DODOENS _(Rembert)_ a Dutch botanist (1517-1585),
physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II. His works are
_Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia; Purgantium Radicum
Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia_; all included under the general
title of "The History of Plants."
"Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few,
To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew,
Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall."
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613)
DO'DONA in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in Greece. The
responses were made by an old woman called a _pigeon_, because the
Greek word _pelioe_ means either old "women" or "pigeons." According
to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Thebê two black pigeons endowed with
the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and gave the responses
in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where it gave the
responses in Dodona.
We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the
cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the
bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of
metal suspended among the branches of the trees.
And Dodona's oak swang lonely,
Henceforth to the tempest only.
Mrs. Browning, _Dead Pan_, 17.
DODS (_Meg_), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St.
Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned
there despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent.
This is one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of
fiction.
She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt
black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks
from under her mutch when she was thrown
into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated
by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust
person, a broad though fat chest, capital
wind, and a voice that could match a choir of
fishwomen.--Sir W. Scott. _St. Ronan's Well_, i
(time George III.).
(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book
has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone,
a Scotchwoman.)
DODSON, a young farmer, called upon by Death on his wedding day. Death
told him he must quit his Susan and go with him. "With you!" the
hapless husband cried; "young as I am and unprepared?" Death then told
him he would not disturb him yet, but would call again after giving
him three warnings. When he was 80 years of age, Death called again.
"So soon returned!" old Dodson cried. "You know you promised me three
warnings." Death then told him that as he was "lame and deaf and
blind," he had received his three warnings.--Mrs. Thrale, [Piozzi],
_The Three Warnings_.
DODSON AND FOGG (Messrs.), two unprincipled lawyers, who undertake
on their own speculation to bring an action against Mr. Pickwick for
"breach of promise" and file accordingly the famous suit of "Bardell
_v_. Pickwick."--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
DOE _(John)_ and _Richard Roe_, the fictitious plaintiff and defendant
in an action of ejectment. Men of straw.
DOEG, Saul's herdsman, who told him that the priest Abim'elech.
had supplied David with food; whereupon the king sent him to kill
Abimelech, and Doeg slew priests to the number of four score and five
(1 _Samuel_ xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the satire called _Absalom and
Achitophel_, Elkaneh Settle is called Doeg, because he "fell upon"
Dryden with his pen, but was only a "herdsman or driver of asses."
Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why,
Made still a blundering kind of melody.
Let him rail on ...
But if he jumbles to one line of sense,
Indict him of a capital offense.
Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
DOG _(Agrippa's)._ Cornelius Agrippa had a dog which was generally
suspected of being a spirit incarnate.
_Arthur's Dog_ "Cavall."
_Dog of Belgrade_, the camp suttler, was named "Clumsey."
_Lord Byron's Dog_, "Boatswain." It was buried in the garden of
Newstead Abbey.
_Dog of Catherine de Medicis_, "Phoebê," a lap dog.
_Cuthullin's Dog_ was named "Luath," a swift-footed hound.
_Dora's Dog_, "Jip."--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield._
_Douglas's Dog_, "Luffra." _Lady of the Lake._
_Erigonê's Dog_ was "Moera." Erigonê is the constellation _Virgo_, and
Moera the star called _Canis_.
_Eurytion's Dog_ (herdsman of Geryon), "Orthros." It had two heads.
_Fingal's Dog_ was named "Bran."
_Geryon's Dogs_. One was "Gargittos" and the other "Orthros." The
latter was brother of Cerberos, but it had only two heads. Herculês
killed both of Geryon's dogs.
_Landseer's Dog_, "Brutus," introduced by the great animal painter in
his picture called "The Invader of the Larder."
_Llewellyn's Dog_ was named "Gelert;" it was a greyhound. (See
GELERT).
_Lord Lurgan's Dog_ was named, "Master M'Grath," from an orphan boy
who reared it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, and was presented at
court by the express desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it died.
It was a sporting grey-hound (born 1866, died Christmas Day, 1871).
_Maria's Dog_, "Silvio."--Sterne, _Sentimental Journey._
_Dog of Montargis_. This was a dog named "Dragon," belonging to Aubri
de Montdidier, a captain in the French army. Aubri was murdered in
the forest of Bondy by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the same
regiment. After its master's death the dog showed such a strange
aversion to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused against him. Some say
he was pitted against the dog, and confessed the crime. Others say a
sash was found on him, and the sword knot was recognized by Ursula as
her own work and gift to Aubri. This Macaire then confessed the crime,
and his accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by
the dog and bitten to death. This story has been dramatized both in
French and English.
_Orion's Dogs_; one was named "Arctoph'onos" and the other
"Pto-ophagos."
_Punch's Dog_, "Toby."
_Sir W. Scott's Dogs_. His deer-hound was "Maida." His jet-black
greyhound was "Hamlet." He had also two Dandy Dinmont terriers.
_Dog of the seven Sleepers_, "Katmir." It spoke with a human voice.
In _Sleary's circus_, the performing dog is called "Merryleys."--C.
Dickens, _Hard Times._
(For Actæon's fifty dogs, see _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_, 234).
_Dog_. The famous _Mount St. Bernard_ dog which saved forty human
beings, was named "Barry." The stuffed skin of this noble creature is
preserved in the museum at Berne.
_Dog (The)_, Diogenes the cynic (B.C. 412-323). When Alexander
encountered him, the young Macedonian king introduced himself with
the words, "I am Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'" To which the
philosopher replied, "And I am Diogenês, surnamed 'the Dog.'" The
Athenians raised to his memory a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted
with a dog, and bearing the following inscription:--
"Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb?"
A dog. "His name?" Diogenes. "From far?"
Sinopê, "He who made a tub his home?"
The same; now dead, among the stars a star.
_Dog (The Thracian)_, Zo'ilus the grammarian; so called for his
snarling, captious criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. He was
contemporary with Philip of Macedon.
_Dogs_. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 _syl_.) were turned into little
black dogs for casting Zobeide and "the prince" into the sea (See
ZOBEIDE).
DOGS OF WAR, Famine, Sword, and Fire:
Then should the warlike Harry, like himself,
Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels,
Leashed in like hounds, should Famine, Sword, and Fire
Crouch for employment.
Shakespeare, _King Henry V_. I chorus (1599).
DOG-HEADED TRIBES (of India), mentioned in the Italian romance of
_Gueri'no Meschi'no._