Cava by Roderick that brought about the war between the Goths and the
Moors, in which Roderick was slain (A.D. 711).
CAVALIER _(The)._ Eon de Beaumont, called by the French _Le Chevalier
d'Eon_ (1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish landscape painter
(1677-1744). Francisco Cairo, the historian, called _El Chavaliere
del Cairo_ (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, _Le Chevalier_ (1587-1633). J.
Bapt. Marini, the Italian poet, called _Il Cavaliere_ (1569-1625).
Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686-1743).
[Illustration] James Francis Edward Stuart, the
"Old Pretender," was styled _Le Chevalier de St. George_ (1688-1765).
Charles Edward, the "Young Pretender," was styled _The Bonnie
Chevalier_ or _The Young Cavalier_ (1720-1788).
CAVALL', "king Arthur's hound of deepest mouth."--Tennyson, _Idylls of
the King_ ("Enid").
CAV'ENDISH, author of _Principles of Whist_, and numerous guide-books
on games, as _Bézique, Piquet, Écarté, Billiards_, etc. Henry Jones,
editor of "Pastimes" in _The Field_ and _The Queen_ newspapers
(1831-).
CAX'ON _(Old Jacob_), hairdresser of Jonathan Oldbuck ("the
antiquary") of Monkbarns.
_Jenny Caxon_, a milliner; daughter of Old Jacob.--Sir W. Scott, _The
Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
CAXTON _(Pisistratus)_, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton,
baron Lytton, author of _My Novel_ (1853); _What will He do with it?_
(1859); _Caxtoniania_ (1863); _The Boatman_ (1864).
CECIL, the hero of a novel so called by Mrs. Gore (1790-1861).
CECIL DREEME, _alias_ Clara Denman. The young woman assumes a man's
dress and character, and sustains it so well as to deceive those
dearest to her. She is kidnapped and in danger of death, and her
rescuers discover the truth.--Theodore Winthrop, _Cecil Dreeme_
(1861).
CECILIA, belle of the village in which H. W. Longfellow's Kavanagh is
the clergyman. She wins his affections easily, unconsciously becoming
the rival of her dearest friend (1872).
_Cecilia (St.)_, the patroness of musicians and "inventor of the
organ." The legend says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia for
her musical skill, and nightly brought her roses from paradise. Her
husband saw the angel visitant, who gave to both a crown of martyrdom.
Thou seem'st to me like the angel
That brought the immortal roses
To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber.
Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
CE'DRIC, a thane of Rotherwood, and surnamed "the Saxon."--Sir W.
Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
CEL'ADON AND AME'LIA, lovers of matchless beauty, and most devoted to
each other. Being overtaken by a thunderstorm, Amelia became alarmed,
but Celadon, folding his arm about her, said, "'Tis safety to be near
thee, sure;" but while he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning and
fell dead in his arms.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Summer," 1727).
CELE'NO OR CELSAE'NO, chief of the harpies.
There on a craggy stone
Celeno hung, and made his direful moan.
Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph [on Earth_]
(1610).
CE'LIA, daughter of Frederick the usurping duke, and cousin of
Ros'alind, daughter of the banished duke. When Rosalind was driven
from her uncle's court, Celia determined to go with her to the forest
of Arden to seek out the banished duke, and for security's sake
Rosalind dressed in boy's clothes and called herself "Gan'ymede,"
while Celia dressed as a peasant girl and called herself "Aliena."
When they reached Arden they lodged for a time in a shepherd's hut,
and Oliver de Boys was sent to tell them that his brother Orlando was
hurt and could not come to the hut as usual. Oliver and Celia fell
in love with each other, and their wedding-day was fixed. Ganymede
resumed the dress of Bosalind, and the two brothers married at the
same time.--Shakespeare, _As You Like It_ (1598).
_Ce'lia_, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's comedy of _The School for
Lovers_. It was written expressly for Mrs. Cibber, daughter of Dr.
Arne.
Mrs. Cibber was at the time more than fifty years old, but the
uncommon symmetry and exact proportion in her form, with her singular
vivacity, enabled her to represent the character of "Celia" with all
the juvenile appearance marked by the author.--Percy, _Anecdotes_.
_Ce'lia_, a poetical name for any lady-love: as "Would you know my
Celia's charms ...?" Not unfrequently Streph'on is the wooer when
Celia is the wooed. Thomas Carew calls his "sweet sweeting" Celia; her
real name is not known.
_Ce'lia (Dame)_, mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity. She lived in
the hospice called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, _coelum_,
"heaven.")--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 10 (1590).
CELIA SHAW, a gentle-hearted mountain girl who, learning that her
father and his clan intend to "clean out" a family fifteen miles up
the mountain, steals out on a snowy night and makes her way to their
hut to warn them of their danger. She takes cold on the fearful
journey, and dies of consumption.--Charles Egbert Craddock, _In the
Tennessee Mountains_ (1884).
CÉLIMÈNE (3_syl_.), a coquette courted by Alceste (2 _syl_.) the
"misanthrope" (a really good man, both upright and manly, but blunt in
behavior, rude in speech, and unconventional). Alceste wants Célimène
to forsake society and live with him in seclusion; this she refuses to
do, and he replies, as you cannot find, "tout en moi, comme moi tout
en vous, allez, je vous refuse." He then proposes to her cousin
Eliante (3 _syl_.), but Eliante tells him she is already engaged to
his friend Philinte (2 _syl_), and so the play ends.--Molière, _Le
Misanthrope_ (1666).
"Célimène" in Molière's _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ is a mere dummy.
She is brought on the stage occasionally towards the end of the play,
but never utters one word, and seems a supernumerary of no importance
at all.
CELIN'DA, the victim of count Fathom's seduction.--Smollett, _Count
Fathom_ (1754).
CEL'LIDE (2 _syl_.), beloved by Valentine and his son Francisco. The
lady naturally prefers the younger man.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons.
Thomas_ (1619).
CELTIC HOMER _(The)_, Ossian, said to be of the third century.
If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christianity, as by all
appearances he did, his epoch will be the latter end of the third and
beginning of the fourth century.
The "Caracul" of Fingal, who is no other than Caracalla (son of
Seve'rus emperor of Rome), and the battle fought against Caros or
Carausius ... fix the epoch of Fingal to the third century, and Irish
historians place his death in the year 283. Ossian was Fingal's
son.--_Era of Ossian._
CENCI. Francesco Cenci was a most profligate Roman noble, who had four
sons and one daughter, all of whom he treated with abominable cruelty.
It is said that he assassinated his two elder sons and debauched his
daughter Beatrice. Beatrice and her two surviving brothers, with
Lucretia (their mother), conspired against Francesco and accomplished
his death, but all except the youngest brother perished on the
scaffold, September 11, 1501.
It has been doubted whether the famous portrait in the Barberini
palace at Rome is really of Beatrice Cenci, and even whether Guido
Eeni was the painter.
Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called _The Cenci_ (1819).
CENIMAG'NI, the inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, and
Cambridge.--Cæsar, _Commentaries_.
CENTAUR (_The Blue_), a human form from the waist upwards, and a goat
covered with blue shag from the waist downwards. Like the Ogri, he fed
on human flesh.
"Shepherds," said he, "I am the Blue Centaur. If you will give me
every third year a young child, I promise to bring a hundred of my
kinsmen and drive the Ogri away." ... He [_the Blue Centaur_] used to
appear on the top of a rock, with his club in one hand ... and with a
terrible voice cry out to the shepherds, "Leave me my prey, and be off
with you!"--Comtesse d'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Carpillona,"
1682).
CEN'TURY WHITE, John White, the nonconformist lawyer. So called from
his chief work, entitled _The First Century of Scandalous, Malignant
Priests, etc._ (1590-1645).
CE'PHAL (Greek, _Kephalê_), the Head personified, the "acropolis" of
_The Purple Island_, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by
Phineas Fletcher (1633).
CEPH'ALUS (in Greek, _Kephalos_). One day, overcome with heat,
Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, "Come, gentle
Aura, and this heat allay!" The words were told to his young wife
Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously
jealous. Resolved to discover her rival, she stole next day to a
covert, and soon saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank,
crying aloud, "Come, gentle Zephyr; come, Aura, come, this heat
allay!" Her mistake was evident, and she was abont to throw herself
into the arms of her husband, when the young man, aroused by the
rustling, shot an arrow into the covert, supposing some wild beast
was about to spring on him. Procris was shot, told her tale, and
died.--Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii.
(Cephalus loves Procris, _i.e._ "the sun kisses the dew." Procris is
killed by Cephalus, _i.e._ "the dew is destroyed by the rays of the
sun.")
CERAS'TES (3 _syl_.), the horned snake. (Greek, _keras_, "a horn.")
Milton uses the word in _Paradise Lost_, x. 525 (1665).
CERBERUS, a dog with three heads, which keeps guard in hell. Dantê
places it in the third circle.
Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange,
Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog ...
His eyes glare crimson, black his unctuous beard,
His belly large, and clawed the hands with which
He tears the spirits, flays them, and their limbs
Piecemeal disparts.
Dantê, _Hell_, vi. (1300, Cary's translation).
CER'DON, the boldest of the rabble leaders in the encounter with
Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this character was
Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the
Rump army.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1663).
CERES (2 _syl._), the Fruits of Harvest personified. In classic
mythology Cerês means "Mother Earth," the protectress of fruits.
_Ceres_, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the
observatory of Palermo, and Cerês is the tutelar goddess of Sicily.
CER'IMON, a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation
Thaisa, the wife of Per'iclês, prince of Tyre, supposed to be
dead.--Shakespeare, _Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
CHAB'OT (_Philippe de_), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne and
Normandy under François I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine,
out of jealousy, accused him of malversation. His faithful servant
Allegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and
Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied
upon him. His innocence, however, was established by the confession
of his enemies, and he was released; but disgrace had made so deep an
impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject
of a tragedy entitled _The Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc._, by George
Chapman and James Shirley.
CHAD'BAND (_The Rev. Mr._), type of a canting hypocrite "in the
ministry." He calls himself "a vessel," is much admired by his dupes,
and pretends to despise the "carnal world," but nevertheless loves
dearly its "good things," and is most self-indulgent.--C. Dickens,
_Bleak House_ (1853).
CHAFFINGTON (_Mr. Percy_), M.P., a stockbroker.--T. M. Morton, _If I
had a Thousand a Year_.
CHALBROTH, the giant, the root of the race of giants, including
Polypheme (3 _syl._), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and
closing with Pantag'ruel. He was born in the year known for its "week
of three Thursdays."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
CHAL'YBES (3 _syl._), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea,
who occupied themselves in the working of iron.
On the left hand dwell
The iron-workers called the Chalybês,
Of whom beware.
E. B. Browning, _Prometheus Bound_ (1850).
CHAM, the pseudonym of comte Amédée de Noé, a peer of France, a
great wit, and the political caricaturist of _Charivari_ (the French
_Punch_). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic in
1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, so
Amédée was the second son and scapegrace of the comte de Noé _[Noah]._
CHAM OF LITERATURE, _(The Great_), a nickname given to Dr. Samuel
Johnson by Smollett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709-1784).
CHAM OF TARTARY, a corruption of Chan or Khan, _i.e._ "lord or
prince," as Hoccota Chan. "Ulu Chan" means "great lord," "ulu" being
equal to the Latin _magnus_, and "chan" to _dominus_ or _imperator_.
Sometimes the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan,
etc. The Turks have also had their "Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan
Selim chan," _i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Sultan Selim
prince_.--Selden, _Titles of Honor_, vi. 66 (1672).
CHAM'BERLAIN _(Matthew)_, a tapster, the successor of Old Roger Raine
(1 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
CHAMONT, brother of Monimia "the orphan," and the troth-plight husband
of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud and
susceptible that he is forever taking offence, and setting himself up
as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her
honor, and calls her to task, but finds he is mistaken. He fancies her
guardian, old Acasto, has not been sufficiently watchful over her,
and draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to
prevent mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has
ill-treated her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are
again altogether erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was
like that of a madman with fire-brands in a stack-yard.--Otway, _The
Orphan_ (1680).
There are characters in which he _[C. M. Young_] is unrivalled and
almost perfect. His "Pierre" [_Venice Preserved_, Otway] is more
soldierly than Kemble's; his "Chamont" is full of brotherly pride,
noble impetuosity, and heroic scorn.--_New Monthly Magazine_ (1822).
CHAMPAGNE _(Henry earl of_), a crusader.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_
(time, Richard I.).
CHAM'PERNEL', a lame old gentleman, the husband of Lami'ra, and
son-in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 _sy_).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The
Little French Lawyer_ (1647).
CHAMPION OF THE VIRGIN. St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from his
defence of the "Incarnation" or doctrine of the "hypostatic union," in
the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constantinople.
CHAMPNEYS _(Sir Geoffry_), a fossilized old country gentleman, who
believes in "blue blood" and the "British peerage." Father of Talbot,
and neighbor of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butterman. The sons of
these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their
fathers for marrying in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to
abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all
ends happily.
_Miss Champneys_, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but
quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick,
the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife and
allow her to spend his money.--H. J. Byron, _Our Boys_ (1875).
_Talbot Champneys_, a swell with few brains and no energy. His name,
which is his passport into society, will not find him salt in the
battle of life. He marries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but
his father wants him to marry Violet the heiress.
CHAN'TICLEER (3 _syl_.), the cock, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the
Fox_ (1498), and also in "The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in _The
Canterbury Tales_, by Chaucer (1388).
CHAON'IAN BIRD _(The)_, the dove; so called because doves delivered
the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia.
But the mild swallow none with, toils infest,
And none the soft Chaonian bird molest.
Ovid, _Art of Love_, ii.
CHAONIAN FOOD, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona, which
gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches. Beech
mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded in the forest of
Dodona.
CHARALOIS, son of the marshal of Burgundy. When he was twenty-eight
years old his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by
him for the service of the State in the wars. According to the law
which then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by
his creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his
father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the
marshal's.--Philip Massinger, _The Fatal Dowry_ (1632).
(It will be remembered that Milti'adês, the Athenian general, died in
prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, which they would
not suffer to be buried till his son Cimon gave up himself as a
hostage.)
CHAR'EGITE (3 _syl_.). The Charegite assassin, in the disguise of a
Turkish marabout or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of
Richard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to
stab the king, when a Nubian seizes his arm, and the king kills the
assassin on the spot.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard
I.).
CHARICLE'IA, the _fiancée_ of Theag'enês, in the Greek romance called
_The Loves of Theagenês and Charicleia_, by Heliodo'ros bishop of
Trikka (fourth century).
CHARI'NO, father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angelina to marry Clodio,
a young coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos, a
young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diffident Carlos,
and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a
testy, obstinate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own
way.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes the Man_ (1694).
CHAR'LEMAGNE AND HIS PALADINS. This series of romances is of French
origin, as the Arthurion is Welsh or British. It began with the
legendary chronicle in verse, called _Historia de Vita Carola Magni
et Rolandi_, erroneously attributed to Turpin archbishop of Rheims
(a contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written two or three
hundred years later. The chief of the series are _Huon of Bordeaux,
Guerin de Monglave, Gaylen Rhetore_ (in which Charlemagne and his
paladins proceed in mufti to the Holy Land), _Miles and Ames_,
_Jairdain de Blaves, Doolin de Mayence, Ogier le Danais_, and _Maugis
the Enchanter_.
_Charlemagne and the Ring_. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell
in love with a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed
bewitched, insomuch that all matters of state were neglected by him;
but the girl died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the
astonishment of the court to find that the king seemed no less
bewitched with the dead body than he had been with the living, and
spent all day and night with it, even when its smell was quite
offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt convinced there was sorcery in this
strange infatuation, and on examining the body, found a ring under the
tongue, which he removed. Charlemagne now lost all regard for the
dead body; but followed Turpin, with whom, he seemed infatuated. The
archbishop now bethought him of the ring, which he threw into a pool
at Aix, where Charlemagne built a palace and monastery, and no spot in
the world had such attractions for him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where "the
ring" was buried.--_Recherches de la France_, vi. 33.
_Charlemagne and Years of Plenty_. According to German legend,
Charlemagne appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses the Rhine on a
golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards.
Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,
Upon thy bridge of gold.
Longfellow, _Autumn_.
_Charlemagne not dead_. According to legend, Charlemagne was crowned
and armed in Odenberg _(Hesse)_ or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till
the time of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Christendom.
(See BARBAROSSA.)
_Charlemagne's Nine Wives_: (1) Hamiltrude, a poor Frenchwoman, who
bore him several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3)
Hildegarde. (4) Fastrade, daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon. (5)
Luitgarde the German. The last three died before him. (6) Maltegarde.
(7) Gersuinde the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Adalinda.
_Charlemagne's Stature_. We are told that Charlemagne was "eight feet
high," and so strong that he could "straighten with his hands alone
three horseshoes at once." His diet and his dress were both as simple
as possible.
_Charlemagne's Sword_, La Joyeuse.
CHARLEMAGNE OF SERVIA, Stephen Dushan.
CHARLES "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in
two novels, viz., _Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein._ The
latter novel contains an account of the battle of Nancy, where Charles
was slain.
_Charles_ prince of Wales (called "Babie Charles"), son of James I.,
introduced by sir W. Scott in _The Fortunes of Nigel_.
_Charles_ "the Good," earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that
whoever married a serf should become a serf: thus if a prince married
a serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his
death, and the death of the best blood in Bruges.--S. Knowles, _The
Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
CHARLES II. of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels,
viz., _Peveril of the Peak_ and _Woodstock_. In this latter he appears
first as a gipsy woman, and afterwards under the name of Louis
Kerneguy (Albert Lee's page).
CHARLES IX. of France. Instigated by his mother, Catherine de Medici,
he set on foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew (1550-1574).
CHARLES XII. of Sweden. "Determined to brave the seasons, as he had
done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during
the cold of the memorable winter of 1709. In one of these marches two
thousand of his men died from the cold."
(Planché has an historical drama, in two acts, called _Charles XII_.;
and the _Life of Charles XII_., by Voltaire, is considered to be one
of the best written historical works in the French language.)
CHARLES EDWARD [STUART], called "The Chevalier Prince Charles Edward,
the Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. Scott in _Redgauntlet_
(time, George III.), first as "father Bonaventure," and afterwards as
"Pretender to the British crown." He is again introduced in _Waverley_
(time, George II.).
CHARLES EMMANUEL, son of Victor Amade'us (4 _syl_.) king of Sardinia.
In 1730 his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his son to
restore the crown again. This he refused to do; and when Victor
plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he
died. Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, and truthful.--R.
Browning, _King Victor and King Charles, etc_.
CHARLES KNOLLYS, an English bridegroom, who falls into a crevasse on
his wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in the ice, still young and
beautiful in his icy shroud, forty-five years later.--J. S. of Dale
(Frederic Jesup Stimson), _Mrs. Knollys_ (1888).
CHARLEY, plu. _Charlies_, an old watchman or "night guardian," before
the introduction of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829. So
called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system.
CHARLEY KEENE, merry little doctor in _The Grandissimes_, in love with
the beautiful Creole girl Clotilde (1880).
CHARLIE, _alias_ "Injin Charlie," _alias_ "Old Charlie," a "dark white
man" in _Belles Demoiselles' Plantation_, by George W. Cable. "Sunk in
the bliss of deep ignorance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at least,
unmerciful" (1879).
CHARIOT, a messenger from Liëge to Louis XI--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
CHARLOTTE, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to have
perished at sea.--Geo. Lillo, _Fatal Curiosity_ (1736).
_Charlotte_, the dumb girl, in love with Leander; but her father, sir
Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful
alliance, Charlotte pretends to be dumb, and only answers, "Han, hi,
han, hon." The "mock doctor" employs Leander as his apothecary, and
the young lady is soon cured by "pills matrimoniac." In Molière's _Le
Médecin Malgré Lui_ Charlotte is called "Lucinde." The jokes in act
ii. 6 are verbally copied from the French.--H. Fielding, _The Mock
Doctor_.