CONCLUSION
Successive Generals in the Restored Society--Present
Membership, Missions and Provinces.
As we have seen, the first General of the Society elected after the
Restoration was Father Fortis, who died on January 27, 1829. On June 29
of that year Father John Roothaan was chosen as his successor on the
fourth ballot. As in the previous election, Father Rozaven was the
choice of many of the delegates.
John Philip Roothaan, the twenty-first General of the Society, was born
at Amsterdam on November 23, 1785, and finished his classical studies in
the Atheneum Illustre under the famous Jakob van Lennep. When he had
made up his mind to enter the Society in White Russia in 1804, his
distinguished teacher, though a Protestant, gave him the following
letter of introduction: "I am fully aware of how in former times the
Society distinguished itself in every branch of knowledge. Its splendid
services in that respect can never be forgotten, and I am, therefore,
especially pleased to recommend this young man whose merit I most highly
appreciate. May he be enriched with all your science and your virtues,
and I trust to see him again in possession of those treasures which he
has gone so far to seek."
The praise was well merited, for, even at that early period of his life,
Roothaan had mastered French, Polish, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. He
studied philosophy at Polotsk, and in 1812 was ordained priest. After
the expulsion he went to Switzerland in 1820, and taught rhetoric there
for three years. As socius to the provincial, he made the tour of all
the Jesuit houses in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Holland three
times, and afterwards was appointed rector of the new college in Turin.
As General, his chief care was to strengthen the internal life of the
Society. His first eleven encyclicals have that object in view. His
edition of the "Exercises" is a classic. In 1832 he published the
"Revised Order of Studies," adapting the Ratio to the needs of the
times; and he increased the activities of the Society in the mission
fields. But his long term of office was one uninterrupted series of
trials. His enforced visit to the greater number of the houses has
already been told in a preceding chapter.
Among the many things for which the Society is profoundly grateful to
Father Roothaan is the very remarkable publication of the "Exercises of
St. Ignatius." According to Astrain, "the autograph was in rough and
labored Castilian," for it must be remembered that the saintly author
was a Basque. "The text," he tells us, "arrests the attention," not by
its elegance but, "by the energetic precision and brevity with which
certain thoughts are expressed. The autograph itself no longer exists.
What goes by that name is only a quarto copy made by some secretary, but
containing corrections in the author's handwriting. It has been
reproduced by photography. Two Latin translations were made of it during
the lifetime of St. Ignatius. There remain now, first the _versio
antiqua_ or ancient Latin translation, which is a literal version,
probably by the saint himself; second, a free translation by Father
Frusius, more elegant and more in accordance with the style of the
period. It is commonly called the 'Vulgate.' The _versio antiqua_ bears
the date, Rome, July 9, 1541. The 'Vulgate' is later than 1541 but
earlier than 1548, when the two versions were presented to Paul III for
approval. He appointed three examiners, who warmly praised both
versions, but the Vulgate was the only one printed. It was published in
Rome on September 11, 1548, and was called the _editio princeps_.
"Besides these two translations, there are two others. One is the still
unpublished text left by Blessed Peter Faber to the Carthusians of
Cologne before 1546. It holds a middle place between the literal
document and the Vulgate. The second was made by Father Roothaan, who,
on account of the differences between the Vulgate and the Spanish
autograph, wished to translate the Exercises into Latin as accurately as
possible, at the same time making use of the _versio antiqua_. His
intention was not to supplant the Vulgate, and on that account he
published the work of Frusius and his own in parallel columns (1835)."
Father Roothaan was succeeded as General by Father Beckx, who was born
in 1795 at Sichem, near Diest, the town that glories in being the
birthplace of St. John Berchmans. He entered the Society at Hildesheim
in 1819, after having been a secular priest for eight months. In 1825 he
was appointed chaplain of the Duke of Anhalt-Köthen, who had become a
Catholic after visiting the home of one of his Catholic friends in
France. Anhalt-Köthen is in Prussian Saxony, and there were only twenty
Catholics in the entire duchy when Beckx arrived there. Before four
years had passed, the number had grown to two hundred. In 1830 he was
sent to Vienna and for a time was the only Jesuit in that city. In 1852
he was made provincial of Austria and had the happiness of leading back
his brethren to the beloved Innsbruck as well as to Lenz and Lemberg. In
the following year he was elected General, and occupied the post for
thirty-four years. He used to say that at the time he entered into
office the province of Portugal consisted of one Jesuit and a half. The
one was in hiding in Lisbon, and the "half" was a novice in Turin. Even
now they number only three hundred. All the houses have been seized by
the Republican government and the Fathers, scholastics and brothers
expelled from their native land in the usual brutal fashion.
During Father Beckx's term of office eighty Jesuits were raised to the
honors of the altar. All but three of them were martyrs. In spite of
this the Society was expelled from Italy in 1860; from Spain in 1868;
and from Germany in 1873, at which time the General and the assistants
left Rome, where, after the Piedmontese occupation, it was no longer
safe to live. They took up their abode at Fiesole and there the curia,
as it is called, remained until after the death of Father Beckx's
successor. In 1883 the age and infirmities of the General made the
election of a vicar peremptory, and Father Anderledy was chosen. Father
Beckx died at the age of ninety-two, and one who saw him in the closing
years of his life thus writes of him: "This holy old man who has
attained the age of nearly ninety years, so modest, so humble, so
prudent, always the same; always amiable, with the glory of thirty
years' government and of interior martyrdom inflicted upon him by the
mishaps of the Society, was a spectacle to fill one with admiration. His
angelic mien delighted me. With how great charity he received me in his
room! With what deference! His poor cassock was patched. He is as
punctual at the exercises as the most vigorous. In spite of his old age
he observes all the laws of fasting and abstinence. At a quarter past
five he commences his Mass and spends considerable time kneeling before
the Blessed Sacrament. God grant us many imitators of his virtues."
Father Anderledy was a Swiss. He was born in the canton of Valais in
1819, and entered the Society at Brieg in 1838. He was sent to Rome for
his theological studies and it is reported that he was such a
pertinacious disputant that old Father Perrone said to him one day:
"Young man, cease or I shall get angry." In the disturbances of 1847, he
was on his way to Switzerland when he was halted by a squad of furious
soldiers who asked him "Are you a Jesuit?" "What do you mean by a
Jesuit?" he asked. When the conventional answer was given, he angrily
demanded "Do you take me for a scoundrel?" and they let him pass. In
1848 he was sent to America and was ordained at St. Louis by Archbishop
Kenrick and then put in charge of a German parish at Green Bay,
Wisconsin, a place teeming with memories of the old Jesuit missionaries:
Marquette, Allouez and others. On his return to Europe, he went through
Germany preaching missions and winning a reputation as a great orator,
although working in conjunction with the famous Father Roh. He was made
rector of the College of Cologne and, subsequently, professor at the
scholasticate of Maria-Laach. In 1870 he was called to Rome to be made
German assistant, and in 1883 he was elected vicar to Father Beckx with
the right of succession. He was particularly zealous as General in
promoting the study of theology and philosophy, and in training men in
the physical sciences. During his administration, the Society increased
from 11,840 members to 13,275, but he was very much adverse to the
establishment of new provinces. The creation of Canada as an independent
mission was all he would grant in that direction. He died at Fiesole on
18 January, 1892.
Luis Martín García, or, as he is commonly called, Father Martín, who
succeeded Father Anderledy, was the fifth Spanish General of the
Society. He was born on 19 August, 1846, at Melgar de Fermamental, a
small town about twenty-five miles north-west of Burgos, and was already
a seminarian in his second year of theology when he began to think of
becoming a religious. To be a Jesuit, however, was at first as abhorrent
to him as becoming a Saracen. But his ideas on that point began to
clarify when he heard his very distinguished professor Don Manuel
González Peña, who had been a theologian in the Vatican Council,
discourse enthusiastically and on every occasion, about the glories of
Suárez, Toletus, Petavius, Bellarmine and the other great lights of the
Society. The impression was heightened by some letters from the
Philippine Jesuits which had fallen into his hands, and Crétineau-Joly's
history also contributed to his change of views. A conversation with the
Jesuit superior of the residence at Burgos, and the departure of a
brilliant fellow-student for the novitiate, completed the
disillusionment and he was admitted at Loyola on 13 October, 1864.
In 1870, when the Society was expelled from Spain, he went with the
other scholastics to Vals in France, and later to Poyanne. In the latter
place he remained as minister and professor of dogmatic theology until
1880, and when the religious were expelled from France he returned to
Spain and was made superior of the scholasticate which had been opened
in Salamanca. He was charged also with the duty of teaching theology and
Hebrew. In 1886 he opened the house of studies at Bilbao, and in the
same year he was made provincial of Castile. Previous to that he had
been the editor of "The Messenger of the Sacred Heart" for a year. In
1891 he was summoned to Rome by Father Anderledy, to analyze and
summarize the reports sent in by all the provinces on the proposed
_quinquennium_ of theology and a new arrangement of studies. On the
death of Father Anderledy he was made Vicar General. He was then only
forty-five years of age. His appointment coincided with the outbreak of
an epidemic of influenza of which he was very near being a victim.
Singularly enough, it was this same disease that carried him off
thirteen years later, supervening as it did on the terrible sarcoma from
which he had long been suffering.
As Vicar he convoked the general congregation, assigning September 23 as
the date and choosing Loyola in Spain as the place of meeting. It was
the first time in the history of the Society that the convention took
place outside of Rome, with the exception of the meetings in Russia
during the Suppression. The reason for the decision was that the Pope
let it be known that it would not be possible to remain in session in
Rome for any considerable period, though he suggested that they might
elect the General in Rome and then continue the congregation elsewhere.
After long deliberation by the assistants, it was determined not to
separate the election from the other proceedings. As for the place of
meeting, Loyola was chosen, though Tronchiennes in Belgium had been
offered. The choice of Spain was determined by the vote of the assistant
who had no Spanish affiliations. Father Martín was elected general on 2
October, and the sessions continued until 5 December.
In this congregation, Father Martín called the attention of the
delegates to the fact that no Jesuit had ever addressed himself to the
task of writing the complete history of the Order; an abstention, it
might be urged, which ought to acquit them of the accusation of unduly
praising the Society. Father Aquaviva had indeed commissioned Orlandini
to begin the work, but the distinguished writer not only got no further
then the Generalate of St. Ignatius but did not even publish his book.
Sacchini his continuator had to see to the publication; his own
contributions appeared in 1615 and 1621. Jouvancy was then called to
Rome to finish the second half of the fifth section which had by that
time appeared, but he did not advance beyond the year 1616. He had bad
luck with it even in that small space, for certain opinions appeared in
it about the rights of sovereigns which were not acceptable to the
Bourbon kings, and the book was forbidden in France by decrees of
Parliament, dated 25 February and 25 March, 1715. Finally, Cordara, an
Italian, assumed the task and wrote two volumes, which though
exquisitely done embraced not more than seventeen years of Father
Vitelleschi's generalate (1616-33), and only one volume was published
then. More than one hundred years elapsed before the second appeared. It
was edited by Raggazzini in 1859.
It was high time, Father Martín declared, that something should be done
to remedy this condition of affairs and that a history of the Society
should be written on a scale commensurate with the greatness of the
subject, and in keeping with the methods which modern requirements look
for in historical writing. As the undertaking in the way it was
conceived would have been too much for any one man, a literary syndicate
was established in which Father Hughes was assigned to write the history
of the Society's work in English-speaking America, Father Astrain that
of the Spanish assistancy, Father Venturi the Italian, Father Fouqueray
the French, Father Dühr and Father Kroess the German. This work is now
in progress. Those who are engaged on it are men of unimpeachable
integrity. Meantime an immense number of hitherto unpublished documents
are being put in the hands of the writers. As many as fifty bulky
volumes known as the "Monumenta historica Societatis Jesu," consisting
of the chronicles of the houses and provinces, the intimate
correspondence of many of the great men of the Society, such as
Ignatius, Laínez, Borgia etc., have been printed, and sent broadcast
through all the provinces. Nor is this mass of material jealously
guarded by the Jesuits themselves. It is available to any sincere
investigator.
As the Congregation had expressed the desire that the residence of the
General and his assistants at Fiesole be closed, and that if the
political troubles would permit it he should return to Rome, Father
Martín, after consulting with the Pope, who granted the permission with
some hesitation, established himself at the Collegium Germanicum on 20
January, 1895. The public excitement that was apprehended did not occur.
The papers merely chronicled the fact but made no ado about it whatever.
Father Martín had much to console him, during his administration, as,
for instance, the beatification of several members of the Society, but
he had also many sorrows such as the closing of all the houses in France
by the Waldeck-Rousseau government and the deplorable defections of some
Jesuits in connection with the Modernist movement.
In 1905 the first symptoms of the disease that was to carry him off in a
short time declared themselves. In that year, four cancerous swellings
developed in his right arm. He had submitted to the painful cutting of
two of them without the aid of anesthetics. The operation lasted two
hours and a half, and he maintained his consciousness throughout. A
little later, the other swellings showed signs of gangrene and the
amputation of the arm was decided upon, but in this instance he
submitted to chloroform. He rallied after the operation and in spite of
his crippled condition was permitted by the Pope to say Mass. His
strength had left him, however, and on 15 February, 1906 he was attacked
by influenza and he died on 18 April at the age of sixty. At his death
the Society numbered 15,515 members.
Father Martín's successor was Francis Xavier Wernz who was born in
Würtemberg in 1842. When the Society was expelled from Germany in 1872,
he went to Ditton Hall in England to complete his studies, after having
spent the greater part of a year in the army ambulance-corps, during the
Franco-Prussian War of 1870. He taught canon law for several years at
Ditton Hall, and in 1882 was a professor at St. Beuno's in Wales. From
there he was transferred to the Gregorian University in Rome, where he
lectured from 1883 to 1906. In September of the latter year, he was
elected General, in which post he lived only eight years. Previous to
his election, he had issued four volumes of his great work on canon law.
Two others were published later, one of them after his death. The end of
his labors came on 19 August, 1914. He was then in his seventy-second
year and had passed fifty-seven years in the Society. It was during this
generalate that the provinces of Canada, New Orleans, Mexico, California
and Hungary were erected.
Father Wladimir Ledóchowski was elected to the vacant post on 11
February, 1915. He was then only forty-nine years of age. He entered the
Society in 1889, and in 1902, shortly after his ordination, was made
provincial of Galicia, while in 1906 he was elected as assistant to
Father Wernz. He is the nephew of the famous Cardinal Ledóchowski, whom
Bismarck imprisoned for his courageous championship of the rights of
Poland.
The new Society like the old has not failed to produce saints and at the
present moment the lives of a very considerable number of those who have
lived and labored in the century that has elapsed since the restoration
are being considered by the Church as possible candidates for
canonization.
The number of Jesuits who were under the colors as soldiers, chaplains
or stretcher bearers or volunteers in the World War of 1914-1918 ran up
to 2014,--a very great drain on the Society as a whole, which in 1918
had only 17,205 names on its rolls, among whom were very many
incapacitated either by age or youth or ailment for any active work. Of
the 2014 Belgium furnished 165, Austria 82, France 855, Germany 376,
Italy 369, England 83, Ireland 30, Canada 4 and the United States 50. Of
the 83 English Jesuits serving as chaplains, 5 died while in the
service, 2 won the Distinguished Service Order, 13 the Military Cross, 3
the Order of the British Empire, 21 were mentioned in despatches, 2 were
mentioned for valuable services and 4 received foreign decorations,--a
total of 45 distinctions.
France calls for special notice in this matter. From the four French
provinces of the Society 855 Jesuits were mobilized. Of these 107 were
officers, 3 commandants, 1 lieutenant-commander, 13 captains, 4 naval
lieutenants, 22 lieutenants, 50 second-lieutenants, 1 naval ensign, and
5 officers in the health services. The loss in dead was 165 Jesuits, of
whom 28 were chaplains, 30 officers, 36 sub-officers, 17 corporals and
54 privates. The number of distinctions won is almost incredible. The
decoration of the Légion d'honneur was conferred on 68, the Médaille
militaire on 48, the Médaille des épidémies on 4, the Croix de guerre on
320, the Moroccan or Tunisian medal on 3, while 595 were mentioned in
despatches, and 18 foreign decorations were received: in all 1,056
distinctions were won by the 855 Jesuits in the French army and navy
(The Jesuit Directory, 1921). "What party or group or club or lodge,"
says a sometime unfriendly paper, the "Italia," "can claim a similar
distinction?" Another of their distinctions is that Foch, de Castelnau,
Fayolle, Guynemer and many more French heroes were trained in Jesuit
schools. Finally, the French Jesuits performed this marvellous service
to their country in spite of the fact that the government of that
country had closed and confiscated every one of their churches and
colleges from one end of France to the other, and by so doing had exiled
these loyal subjects from their native land. To add to the outrage, they
were summoned back when the war began, and not one of them failed to
respond immediately, returning from distant missions among savages at
the ends of the earth or from civilized countries that were more
hospitable to them than their own for the defense of which they
willingly offered their lives. Now, when the war is over, they have no
home to go to.
In 1912, two years before the War, the Society had on its rolls 16,545
members. At the beginning of 1920 it had 17,250 members: 8,454 priests,
4,819 scholastics, 3,977 lay-brothers. The Society is divided into what
are called assistancies. The Italian assistancy, which is composed of
the provinces of Rome, Naples, Sicily, Turin and Venice, numbers in all
1,415 members. The frequent dispersions and confiscations to which this
section has been subjected account for the small number. Thus, the Roman
province has only 354, and Sicily has but 223. In the assistancy there
are 748 priests, but the prospects of the increase of this category is
the reverse of encouraging, for there are only 308 scholastics. The
lay-brothers number 359. What has acted as a deterrent in Italy has,
paradoxically, acted in a contrary sense in the German assistancy.
Several of these provinces have been dispersed, but they aggregate as
many as 4,329 members. Belgium is a strong factor in this large number,
for it totals 1,279, of whom 672 are priests; the Germans, who have no
establishment in their own country, but are scattered over the earth,
have a membership of 1,210, of whom 664 are in Holy Orders. Austria has
356 on her register, Poland 464, Czecho-Slovakia 114, Jugoslavia 113,
Hungary 212, while Holland has as many as 581.
The Waldeck-Rousseau Associations Law of 1901 not only confiscated every
Jesuit establishment in France but denied the Society the right even to
possess property. Nevertheless, unlike Italy the provinces of Champagne,
France, Lyons and Toulouse show 2,758 names in their catalogues for
1920. They have 1,647 priests with 583 scholastics to draw on. The
Spaniards are grouped in the provinces of Aragon, Castile, Mexico, and
Toledo, to which has been added the Province of Portugal. This
combination has 1,760 to its credit. Possibly the figures would have
been larger had not the Revolution of 1901 brought about the exile of
the Jesuits. The English assistancy which until recently included the
United States, has now 1,622 members of whom 793 are priests and 544
scholastics: England 750, Canada 472 and Ireland 400. The assistancy of
America has 2,892 members of whom 1,230 are priests with a future supply
to draw on of 1,214 scholastics. The contingent of scholastics exceeds
that of any other assistancy by more than a hundred. The province of
California has 485 members, Maryland-New York, 1,080; Missouri, 1,022
and New Orleans, 305.
Besides its regularly established houses the Society has missions
scattered throughout the world. Thus, in Europe its missionaries are to
be found in Albania; in Asia, they are working in Armenia, Syria,
Ceylon, Assam, Bengal, Bombay, Poona, Goa, Madura, Mangalore, Japan,
Canton, Nankin, and South East Tche-ly. In Africa, they are in Egypt,
Cape Colony, Zambesi, Rhodesia, Belgian Congo, and Madagascar, Mauritius
and Réunion; in America, they are working in Jamaica and among the
Indians of Alaska, Canada, South Dakota, the Rocky Mountains, the
Pimería, and Guiana; finally in Oceania, they are toiling in Celebes,
Flores, Java, and the Philippines. To these missions 1,707 Jesuits are
devoting their lives in direct contact with the aborigines.
INDEX
A
Africa, 85 et seq.
Alcalá, 52
Alegambe, 867
Alegre, 370
Alexandria, 109, 811
Alfonso Rodriguez, St., 383
Algonquins, 338
Allen, Cardinal, 134sq.
Allouez, 338
Aloysius, St., 181
Alphonsus Liguori, St., 380, 604
Alva, Duke of, 428
Amaguchi, 167
Amherst, 594
Amiot, 632
Anchieta, 89
Anderledy, 763, 899
Andrada, 237, 372
Angiolini, 678
Angola, 85
Antilles, 306
Appellants, 153
Aquaviva, Claudius, 132sq.
Aquaviva, Rudolph, 75, 384
Aranda, 421, 507
Araoz, 36, 104, 203
Archetti, 648
Archipresbyterate, 153
Arévalo, 836
Armenians, 805
Arnauld, 11, 216, 277
Asia, 229 et seq.
Assembly of the Clergy, 412, 486
Aubeterre, 497, 530
Auger, 41, 57
Augustinus, 281
Avogado, 678
Avril, 266
Azevedo, 90, 384
B
Backer, de, 868
Baertz, 77
Bagnorea, 30
Bagotists, 244
Baius, 112
Balde, 358, 362
Ballerini, 878
Barat, Mme., 672
Baronius, 112
Basilians, 902
Bathe, Christopher, 307
Bathori, 123
Beaumont, de, 488, 588
Beguines, 2
Beirut, 807
Bellarmine, 68, 110, 215
Belloc, 285
Bengy, de, 761
Benislawski, 65
Bernis, Cardinal, 532sq.
Berryer, 737
Beschi, 233
Betagh, 912
Beard, 334
Biblical Institute, 764
Billiart, 673
Billot, Cardinal, 914
Blackwell, 153
Bobadilla, 21sqq.
Bobola, 384
Bollandists, 370, 869
Bonzes, 80, 256
Borgias, 102
Boscovich, 367, 622
Bossuet, 353
Bouhours, 367
Bourdaloue, 264, 283
Boxer uprising, 791
Brazil, 87 et seq.
Brébeuf, 291, 385
Bressani, 336
Britto, John de, 233
Broglie, Charles de, 665
Brouet, 25sqq.
Brugelette, 757
Brzozowski, 685
Bungo, 176
Busembaum, 380
Buteux, 338
Bye Plot, 157
C
Cabral, 87, 174-5
Calcutta, 764, 794-5, 801, 829, 843
California, 828, 833, 926, 929. See Lower California
Calvinists, 87, 334, 801
Cambrensis, 137
Campion, 134, 136-40, 143-6, 384, 857
Canada, 262, 291, 334-9, 425-6, 594, 711, 764, 781, 824, 874, 921
Canisius, Peter, 2, 23, 45, 51, 65, 67, 70, 102, 272, 345, 384, 598,
915
Canonization, 381-2
Canton, 248, 250, 252, 260-1, 930
Capuchins, 292, 312, 500, 911
Caraffa, 208, 225, 391, 549, 574
Carbonari, 894, 897
Carbonelle, 857
Cardinals, 914
Caribs, 309
Carinthia, 346, 376
Carlos, Don, 742
Carmelites, 801, 869
Carranza, 53
Carroll, Charles, 711
Carroll, John, 595, 616, 659, 674, 700, 706, 711, 732, 882, 906
Cartagena, 305, 314
Cartography, 253, 376, 631, 852, 861
Casaubon, 118-9, 221
Cases of Conscience, 290
Caste, 230, 250, 264, 797, 802
Casuistry, 285
Catechism, 38 (of Canisius, 49);
(of Trent), 54, 108
"Catechisme des jésuites," 273
Catherine II, Empress of Russia, 587, 605, 635, 641-60, 662, 677, 719
Catholic Encyclopedia, 866
Catholicæ Fidei, 38, 661, 694, 716
Cathrein, 288, 880
Caughnawaga, 338, 775
Cavalcanti, 853
Cayenne, 312, 841
Celibacy, 120
Centuriators of Magdeburg, 49
Ceylon, 802, 903, 929
Chabanel, 336, 385, 915
Challoner, 599, 602, 906
Charles V., Emperor, 9, 23, 38, 44, 51, 102, 344
Charles Borromeo, St., 15, 102, 138, 218
Charlevoix, 171, 370
Cheminais, 481
Chile, 298, 373, 425, 529, 627, 762, 774
China, 81, 124, 173, 245-67, 372, 375, 424, 470, 627, 679, 770,
776, 788-93, 824, 828, 834, 843, 861
Choiseul, Duc de, 314, 419, 429, 496, 500-3, 509, 512, 524, 535
Christina of Sweden, 128
"Civiltà Catolica," 874, 899
Clavigero, 369, 619
Clavius, 246, 355, 371
Clement VIII, 56, 111, 113, 118, 153-5, 157, 209, 213, 217, 240,
385, 436, 556
Clement XIII, 15, 422, 435 et seq.
Clement XIV, 4, 436 et seq.
Clerc, 760, 916
Clergy, native, 262
Clermont, College of, 57, 115, 216, 273, 345
Clorivière, 671, 676, 691, 700, 720, 739, 751, 880, 916
Coblentz, 67
Cochin-China, 241-2
Cochin, 82, 771
Cochlæus, 42
Cocomaricopas, 319
Cocospera, 323
Codier, 354
Codure, 25, 29, 36, 39
Coeffler, 256
Coelho, 801
Coelho, 182
Coeurdoux, 233
Cogordan, 60, 100
Coimbra, 43, 443, 464, 542, 682, 743
Coleridge, 883
Collegio Pio-Latino, 853, 899
Collegium Germanicum, 50, 56, 66, 70, 345, 852, 891, 925
Collegium Maximum, 897
Collins, 149
Cologne, 42, 288, 345, 433, 837
Colombia, 304, 761
Colombiére, de, 385, 395, 402
Colonna, 208
Columbini, 639
Commendone, 113
Commerce, 445, 450, 457, 459
"Common Rules," 133, 728
Compania de Jesus, 7
Concanen, 706-7
Concordat, 687
Condé, 60, 63, 353, 356, 366, 391, 666
Confession, Seal of, 908
Confessor, Royal, 201
Congo, Belgian, 85, 822-4, 930
Congregations, General, 33, 37, 197, 210, 652, 657, 722-4, 727, 923
Congruism, 116
Coninck, 379
Connolly, 707
Consalvi, 572, 690, 703, 724, 864
Conscience, Account of, 33
Constantinople, 239, 267, 627, 632, 806, 809
Constitution, 31-5, 101, 133, 199, 207, 213, 381, 386, 484, 695, 728
Conti, 416
"Continental System," 686
Coppée, 360
Copts, 86, 805, 816
Cordara, 369, 572, 619, 924
Corea, 242, 249, 772
Corneille, 353
Cornelius a Lapide, 381
Correa, 127
Corrientes, 300
Cornely, 881-2
Cornoldi, 880
Corsica, 525, 615
Cortie, 841-2
Coton, 201, 290-1
Cottam, 141, 144, 146
Coulon, 702
Courtois, 357
Cracow, 763
Cranganore, 75
Crashaw, 360
Cremona, 181
Crétineau-Joly, 746
Crichton, 150, 152, 233
Crimea, 806
Criminali, 77, 81
Crimont, 781
Crisin, 915
Cristaldi, 698
Critonius, 149
Croix, Camille de la, 838-9
Croix, Etienne de la, 491-5
Crollanza, 617
Cruz, da, 452
Cruz, Gaspar de la, 245
Cubosama, 173, 175, 182
Cuevas, 880
Cullen, 909
Cuzco, 55, 214
Czecho-Slovakia, 924
Czerniewicz, 645-9 et seq
D
Dablon, 338
Dalmatia, 389, 758, 807
Daniel, 263, 282, 335-6, 339, 385, 598, 915
"De Auxiliis," 214
Decretals, Law of, 906
"De defectibus Societatis," 275
"De defensione fidei," 116
"De fide catholica," 889
Delehaye, 871
Demerara, 714, 907, 841
Denonville, de, 338
Denza, 835
Descartes, 129, 353
Dillingen, 43, 48, 67, 117, 346
"Directorium," 200
Discipline, 251-3
Dispensation, 33
Dissolution, 199
Dobrizhoffer, 840
Domenech, 56
Dominicans, 52, 76, 187, 189, 214, 245, 256, 265, 306, 312, 334,
464, 703, 706, 816
Dominis, de, 220, 289
Dominus ac Redemptor, 549-50, 552-76, 588-94, 638, 649, 690
Douai, 135, 138, 500
Dracontius, 836
Drama, 865-9
Dresden, 686
Drexellius, 396
Drury, 150, 164
Dublin, 149-50
Dublin, University of, 137
Duelling, 286
Dupin, 443, 748-50, 752
Duplessis-Mornay, 220
Duprez, 629
Duran, 373
Duvernay, 501
Dynamism, 623
E
Eck, 43
Ecuador, 425, 529, 761, 828
Education, 56, 64, 68, 343-57, 567, 639, 644, 647, 653, 658, 695,
704, 736, 745, 748, 778, 835-38, 853, 901
Egypt, 806, 816, 834, 862, 930
Elizabeth, Queen, 135, 141, 144, 152, 155, 182, 228, 274
"End justifies the Means," 287-9
England, 278, 424, 426, 612, 675, 681, 683, 685, 691, 703, 718,
743, 760, 764, 794, 828, 857, 876, 892, 927
England, John, 707-8
English College, 148, 152, 578
Equivocation, 286
"Etudes," 874
Examen, Particular, 14
Excommunication, 222-6
Exercises, 14
Expulsion, 212, 451, 462-70, 499-503, 513-29, 548, 553, 562, 566,
627, 720, 734, 743, 756-62, 828, 898, 920
F
Faber, Peter, Bl., 522sqq.
Faith, Fathers of the, 669sqq.
Falloux Law, 757
Farinelli, 505
Farmer, 906
Febronius, 433
Feller, 619
Fenwick, Benedict, 704
Finding of the Christians, 196
Flagellants, 92
Flesselles, de, 491
Fourquevaux, Baron de, 41
Francis Borgia, St., 53, 102, 117sqq.
Francis Xavier, St., 5, 29, 166sqq.
Francis Regis, St., 775
Franzelin, 877, 889
French Revolution, 626
G
Gago, 166
Gallitzin, 713
Gallicanism, 416, 494, 609
Garnet, 147
Garnier, Charles, 336
Garreau, 338
Gaudan, 40
Georgetown, 704sqq.
Gerard, 160
Gioberti, 755
Goa, 74
Goes, 250
Goldwell, 138
González, Tirso, 415
Goupil, 336
Grässel, 616, 713
Grassi, 679, 704
Gregory de Valencia, 374
Gresset, 353
Grivel, 666
Grou, 354, 619
Gruber, 658sqq.
Guidiccioni, 31
Gunpowder Plot, 143sqq.
H
Hagenbrünn, 667
Hay, 150
Hedley, 821
Hell, 618
Hélot, 772
Henry IV, 60, 113
Hindostan, 242
Hirando, 168
Hoensbroech, 288
Hontheim, 433
Hôtel Dieu, 594
Howard, Cardinal, 408
Hozes, 25
Hungarian College, 69
Hurons, 335
Hurter, 866
I
Ibáñez, 203
Iberville, 307
Ignatius Loyola, St., 5-13, 21-4, 36, 71, 75, 93, 96-9
Inquisition, 21, 127, 200, 225sqq.
Iroquois, 320
Isla, 366
Ivory Coast, 824
J
Jafanapatam, 233
Japan, 73, 78, 166-196
James II, 403
Jansenists, 221, 417, 573
Jesuati, 1
Jogues, 336sqq.
John Berchmans, St., 382
John Casimir, 403
John Francis Regis, St., 383
Joseph II, 421, 547, 604
K
Kabyles, 814
Kandy, 805
Kareu, 652
Kaunitz, 421
Kenny, 715, 892
King, Thomas, 772
Kino, 316, 372
Kleutgen, 879
Knight, 595
Kohlmann, 659, 706, 878
Krudner, Mme., 717
L
Laennec, 738
Lafargeville, 263
Lafitaux, 840
La Flèche, 118, 218
Lafrenière, 502
Lahore, 229
Laimbeckhoven, 603
Laínez, 5
Lalande, 336
Lalemant, Charles, 291
Lallemant, Louis, 396
Lancicius, 381, 385, 396
La Petite Eglise, 675
Larkin, 913
Lascaris, 831
Laval, Scholasticate, 757
Laval, Montmorency de, 244-5, 337
Lavigerie, 815
Lazarists, 627, 633-4
Le Camus, 280
Le Jay, 25, 29-30
Ledóchowski, Wladimir, 926
Lehmkuhl, 288, 886
Leibnitz, 361, 377
Le Moyne, 337
Leo XII (della Genga), 676, 722, 848, 909
Lessius, 114, 147
Lewger, 339, 706
Liberatore, 874
Ligny, de, 619
Litta, 693-4
Loisy, 886
Longhaye, 857
Loretto, 329
Loriquet, 702, 878
Louisiana, 425-6, 500-2
Louis-le-Grand, 353-5
Louvain, 57
Lower California, 315-8
Ludolph of Saxony, 1,12
Lugo, de, 21, 116-7
M
Macao, 189
Macartney, Lord, 681
McCarthy, 739
McCloskey, 909
Macedo, Antonio, 128-9
Macedonio, 549-50, 574-5, 577
Machado, 187, 372
McSherry, 913
Madagascar, 816-20
Madras, 769
Madura, 230, 233-5
Magdeburg, Centuriators of, 49
Mai, 371
Mailla, de, 834, 861
Maimbourg, 367, 411
Maistre, de, 642
Malagrida, 453
Maldonado, 115, 381
Malesherbes, 353
Malta, 528
Manera, 901
Mangalore, 75
Manila Observatory, 851-2
Manresa, 13, 703
Maranhão, 425
Marefoschi, 539
Margry, 291
Mariana, 205, 274-5
Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, 419, 432, 616, 638, 869
Marie Antoinette, 434
Marie de L'Incarnation, 307
Marie Leczinska, 618
Maronites, 239
Marot, 30
Marquette, 338, 372, 921
Martin, Felix, 873
Martin, Luis, 37, 369
Martinique, 306, 311
Maryland, 262, 339-41, 595, 832, 908, 929
Massé, 291, 334-5
Massillon, 364
Mastrilli, 193
Mattei, 694, 724
Maury, 366, 849
Mazzella, 879, 901, 914
Mazzini, 755
Melanchthon, 42-3, 45, 846
Ménard, 338
Mendoza, Bp. of Cuzco, 214
Mercurian, 34, 36
Meschler, 883
Meurin, 800
Mexico, 54, 221-7, 929
Michelet, 745, 754
Miège, 913
Milan, 138, 181
Milner, 704
Mindanao, 777
Mingrelia, 239, 806
Mirón, 92-3
Missal, Chinese, 261, 264
Missions Etrangères, 241
Mohawks, 307
Mohilew, 646-7, 649, 657, 718
Moigno, François, 839
Molinism, 102, 116, 379, 575
Molyneux, 425
Monita secreta, 270, 275-7
Montalembert, 745-6, 749
Montecorvo, 439
Montlosier, 737, 739
Montluc, 41
Montmartre, 24
Montreal, 428
Monts, de, 334
Montserrat, 12
"Monumenta historica Societatis Jesu," 924
Morcelli, 837
Moscow, 267, 643, 686
Mürr, 472, 503
Muzloum, 808
Muzzarelli, 624
Mysore, 233
N
Nagasaki, 174, 184-7, 189, 193-6, 383
Naples, 111, 199, 210, 392, 427, 439, 506, 537, 542, 587, 611, 756
Navarrete, 257, 259, 262, 332
Neale, Leonard, 616, 706, 713, 907
Negroes, 305, 311, 503, 712, 812-24
New Orleans, 500, 594, 833, 926, 929
New York, 263, 338, 706, 764, 828, 832, 907, 911, 929
New York Literary Institute, 706, 908
Nicaragua, 777
Nieremberg y Otin, 11, 395, 381
Nigeria, 824
Nobili, de, 230-3, 292-3, 396, 424, 768
Nobrega, 87-90
Nochistongo tunnel, 315
"Nomenclator," 877
Norridgewock, 709
Nossi-Bé, 817
Notobirga, 275
Novices, 564
O
Oates, Titus, 402, 406-10, 407-9
Obedience, 92, 95, 911
Observatories, 840-5, 848, 851
Oceania, 930
Ochino, 30
Odescalchi, 893, 895sqq.
Office, Divine, 54, 101, 568
Office, Term of, 213
Ogilvie, 151
Ojetti, 883
Oldcorne, 161-4
Oliva, 260, 290, 391, 394, 399-402, 405, 408, 410
O'Reilly, Edmund, 878
Orientalists, 829, 862
Ormanetto, 199, 203.
Orsini, Cardinal, 396, 530, 535sqq.
Oviedo, 36, 56, 59, 85, 104, 161-2, 194
Oxford, 136, 764
P
Pacca, 433-4, 442, 542, 606, 611, 618, 687-94, 698, 703, 724
Palafox, 221-7, 544, 546
Pallavicini, 380, 396, 635, 892
Pampeluna, 9, 10, 11, 304
Pancaldi, 722
Papebroch, 869
Paphlagonia, 239
Paraguay, 299-304, 347, 373, 418, 425, 444-8, 454, 509, 627, 762,
774, 776
Pariahs, 235, 802
Paris, 22, 36, 118, 243, 281, 671, 699, 747-8, 757, 761
Paris, Parliament of, 3, 15, 56, 63, 216, 280, 401, 485, 493, 497,
631, 748
Paris, University of, 56, 70, 748, 927
Parma, 210, 439, 528, 637, 669, 677, 699
Pascal, 278, 281-7, 295
"Pascendi Munus," 588
Passaglia, 887, 898
Passionei, 422, 456
Patrizi, 878, 881
Paul III, Pope, 15, 28, 31, 34, 38, 556, 728, 918
Paul IV, Pope, 35, 46, 71, 101, 173, 198, 553, 556
Paul V, Pope, 56, 116, 157, 264, 390, 556, 559
"Paulistas," 392
Pazmany, 68, 396
Pearl Fisheries, 74
Pekin, 249, 252, 254, 256, 258-61, 265, 629, 633, 790
Perinde ac cadaver, 35
Periodicals, 874-6
Persia, 239, 244, 267, 410, 424, 806
Persons, 136, 138-40, 151-55, 164, 177, 499
Peru, 54, 272, 295-98, 425, 529
Peruvian bark, 299
Pesch, 288, 880
Pétau (Petavius), 118, 395
Peter Claver, St., 305, 383, 396, 901, 915
Petre, 402
Petrucci, 721-4
Philip II, King of Spain, 54, 100, 113, 116, 131, 151, 177, 181,
202, 204, 207, 209-13, 274, 296, 333, 344, 420, 557
Philippines, 183, 189, 191, 245, 255, 333, 376, 426, 476, 785, 835,
930
Philosophy, 355-7, 378-80
Piedmont, 756
Pignatelli, Joseph, 511, 523, 525, 658, 677, 726, 863, 911, 916
Pimas, 318-21, 323
Pious Fund, 328
Pius V., St., Pope, 48, 49, 54, 100, 109, 113, 198, 439, 557
Pius VI, 521, 572, 586, 608-10, 614, 620, 624, 640, 649-51, 653-58,
667, 677, 684, 691, 712, 891
Pius VII, Pope, 5, 353, 572, 605, 624, 661, 675, 678, 683, 687-94,
697-9, 722-7, 733, 840, 864, 885, 891, 904
Pius VIII, 741, 893, 905
Pius IX, Pope, 16, 196, 732, 756, 849, 853, 854, 857, 874, 888-90,
898, 903-6, 905, 915
Plowden, 597, 674, 714, 732, 913
Poetry, 258-63, 856, 860
Poissy Colloquy, 60-63, 102
Poland, 124, 275, 357, 376, 404, 424, 546, 548, 587, 605, 634, 637,
643, 718, 722, 926, 929
Polotsk, 347, 644, 646, 650, 652, 657, 659-60, 664
Pombal, Marquis de, 419, 421, 430, 437, 442-79, 503, 509, 605,
612-15, 683, 703, 743
Pondicherry, 260, 292, 420, 631
"Popish Plot," 407
Portugal, 36, 42, 92, 126, 177, 242, 269, 344, 416, 421, 426, 430,
438, 442-79, 498, 502, 537, 550, 553, 587, 605, 612, 627,
682, 703, 742, 759, 764, 793, 815, 826, 876, 929
Possevin, 121-25, 129, 201, 208, 218
Poverty, 33, 249-51, 394, 397, 556, 728
Prague, 47, 67, 123, 138, 345, 388
Printing, 49, 55, 659, 829
Probabiliorism, 415
Probabilism, 380, 415, 575
Propaganda, 693, 897, 903
Property, 33, 222-23, 602, 616
Property, Confiscation of, 478, 485, 500, 513, 523, 528, 540, 548,
577, 720, 759
Prose, 366-67
Proselytism, 720
"Provinciales," of Pascal, 281-87, 689, 745
Prussia, 426, 635, 636-41, 686, 718, 758
Q
Quebec, 263, 291, 307, 334
Quesnel, 417, 575
Quinet, 282
R
Ragueneau, 337
Raleigh, 156sq.
Ramière, 883
Rasle, 709
"Ratio studiorum", 70, 200
Ravignan, de, 4, 435
Raymbault, 336
Raynal, 419
"Razón y Fe," 874sq.
Realini, Bernardino, 396
Recollect Friars, 334sq.
Redemptorists, 604
Reductions, Philippine, 777
Reductions of Paraguay, 301-04, 444-48
Reeve, 595, 619
Régale, 410-12
Reggio, 699
Regimini Militantis Ecclesiae, 31
Renaudot, 291
Relations, 871-4
Retz, 4l8sq
Rezzonico, 532
Rho, 259
Rhodes, Alexander de, 240-45
Ribadeneira, 36, 204
Riccadonna, 807sq
Ricci, Lorenzo, 419-22, 436, 440sq., 511, 521, 848
Ricci, Scipio, 609
Richelieu, 274, 388sq., 290
Riot of the Sombreros, 510sq., 546
Ripalda, 206, 876
Robaut, 781
Rodrigues, 176, 184
Rodriguez, Alphonsus, 381, 396
Rodriguez, Simon, 23, 24, 72
Roh, 921
Roman College, 69
Romberg, Assistant, 585
Roothaan, John, 398, 667, 706
Rosas, 762
Rosmini, 808
Rossi, Giovanni Battista de, 836
Rossi, Guizot's envoy, 750
Rosweyde, 370
Roth, 840
Rozaven, 625, 719 et seq., 898
Rubillon, Ambrose, 773
Russia, 841
Russian Church, 642
Ruthenia, 902
Ryllo, Maximilian, 811sq.
S
Sabbetti, 886
Sacchini, 369, 923
Sacred Heart, Fathers of the, 666-668
Sacred Heart, Ladies of the, 672 sq.
St. Acheul, 740
St. Bartholomew Massacre, 272
St. Beuno's, 764
St. Clement's Island, 339
Sainte-Beuve, 283 sq., 745
Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Chapel, 58
St. Julian, Castle, 469-472
Saint-Jure, 381
Saint Kitts, 306-310
St. Michel, Brussels, 870
St. Omers, 407
St. Sulpice, Society of, 244
St. Vincent, Admiral, 704
Saints, 914-5
Salamanca, 21
Saldanha, 421-2
Salmerón, Alphonsus, 21, 45
Salsette, 170, 229
Salvatierra, 222, 321
Sancian, Island of, 84
Sanguinetti, 883
San Sebastian, prison, 743
Sant' Andrea, 762
Sarbiewski, 359
Sardinia, 504, 758
Sarpi, 112, 220sq.
Sault Ste. Marie, 338
Sautel, 360
Saxony, 718
Scaramelli, 381
Schall, Adam, 254-261, 372
Scheiner, 848
Scholastics, 485
Schreiner, Christopher, 371
Science, 248-250, 631, 371, 834sq.
Scientia media, 215
Scotch Doctor, 38
Scotland, 40, 150
Secchi, 371, 835
Secret Members, of Jesuit Order, 35
Secularization, 600sq.
Sedeño, 333
Sedlmayer, 372
Segneri, 364
Segura, 54
Seminaries, 44, 65-67
Sequiera, 185
Sestini, 843sq.
Seven Years War, 425, 482sq.
Sewall, 732, 683
Shea, Gilmary, 873
Sherwin, 144
Shintoism, 166
Shogun, 175
Siam, 234
Sicily, 504
Sidgreaves, Walter, 841
Sierra Leone, 824
Siestrzencewicz, 643
Sigismond, King of Poland, 35, 122, 208
Silesia, 637
Silveira, 85
Simpson, 751
Sin (Mandarin), 250
Sin, Paul, see Zi, 771
"Sined," 860
Sioux, 779
Sirmond, 354
Si-Senoussi, Sheik and Jesuit Constitutions, 35
Sixtus V, Pope, p. 7, 111, 202, 180, 206-209, 556-558
Skarga, 367
Slingsby, Francis, 149sq.
Smet, Peter de, 779-81
Smolensk, 686
Smyrna, 239
Sobieski, John, 394, 397, 404
Sodalities, 68, 297, 738
Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, 694-6
Sommervogel, 868
Sorbonne, 216-7, 290
Soto, 115
Sotwel, 867
Sousa, 87-8
Southey, 90
Southwell, 147-8, 358
Spain, 36, 43, 202-14, 51-3
Sparks, 908
"Speculum Jesuiticum," 273
Spee, von, 117, 361sqq.
Spinola, 185
Spiritual Exercises, 13-15, 381, 918sqq.
Squillace, 428, 507
Stanislaus Kostka, St., 48, 382, 418
Stanton, Father, 785-8
Staritza, 124
Statistics, 418-9, 550, 777, 800sqq.
Steinhüber, 887
Steins, 795
Stephens, 141sqq.
"Stimmen aus Maria-Laach," 874sqq.
Stone, 710
Stonestreet, 706
Stonyhurst, 500, 732
Strada, 36, 53, 56, 359
Strassmaier, 845, 863
Stritch. See Bathe
Stuart, Henry. See York, Cardinal of
Suárez, 21, 116, 281, 379, 390, 395, 416, 486, 876
Suau, 52sqq.
Sulpicians, 713
Superior, Lake, 336
Suppression, 442-603
Surin, 381, 395
Suttee, 804
Sweden, 120-24, 404, 681, 685
Swetchine, 730
Switzerland, 346, 587, 617, 728, 734, 740
Syria, 240, 632, 806-9, 929
T
Tamburini, 417-8, 575
Tamil, 231, 362
Tanucci, 421, 506 et seq.
Taparelli, 874
Tatary, 244, 770
Tegakwitha, 337-8
Theology, 378-81, 852, 864-5, 876-9, 885-90, 901.
Tibet, 237-8, 372, 378
Toletus, 5, 54, 112-5, 152, 197, 209-13, 215, 218, 379, 401, 876
Tongiorgi, 836, 878
Tonkin, 241, 245
Torres, Cosmo de, 76, 79, 93
Torres, 166-7, 169, 174, 188
Torres, Luis de, 381
Tournon, Charles-Thomas-Naillard, de, 259
Tournon, François de, 40, 60
Trent, Council of, 8, 33, 44-6, 48, 62, 108, 138, 150, 557, 563
Trichinopoly, 802, 805, 829
Tyburn, 141, 146
Tyrnau, 69
U
Ucondono, 172, 182-3, 189
Ugarte, 316, 326-7, 329-31
Uniates, 805-6, 811
"Unigenitus," 578
Urban VIII, 113, 119, 192, 255, 385, 390, 400, 560
Urban College, 894, 897
V
Valencia, Gregorio de, 21, 117-8, 215
Valignani, 173-4, 176, 183-5, 246-7
Valkenburg, 763, 875
Valladolid, 43, 83, 116, 151, 206, 406, 409
Van Ortroy, 384
Varin, 665, 669, 671-6, 701, 730, 733, 911
Vasa, House of, 404
Vasquez, Dionisio, 5-7, 199, 204-7, 209, 268
Vasquez, Gabriel, 21, 68, 379, 486
Verbiest, 257, 261, 264, 375, 377
Vicars General, 38, 651-2.
Vico, de, 371, 843, 848-9
Vieira, 126-8, 130, 192, 363, 367, 396, 449, 477
Villemain, 748-50, 754-5
Vilna, University of, 347, 660, 848
Vitelleschi, 269-71, 387, 390-2, 394, 396-8, 825
Vives y Tuto, 853
Vows, 32-3, 548, 557, 564, 609, 616, 659, 684, 746
W
Wadding, 315-6
Wasmann, 840
Waterclock, 625
Wauchope (Waucop), 38, 41
Wealth, 348, 445, 450, 481, 559
Weld, 431, 443, 820, 841
Wendrok. See Nicole
Wernz, 763, 828, 883, 904, 906, 926
White, 307, 339-40
Whitebread, 408
Whitemarsh, 712, 779
White Russia, 267, 735, 773
Witchcraft, 117, 361
Woodstock, 843
"Woodstock Letters," 875
World War, 761, 823, 828, 927
Würzburg, 48, 67, 346
Wynne, 866-7
X
Xavier, Francis. See Francis Xavier, St.
Xavier, Jerónimo, 229-30, 396
Ximenes, 618
Y
York, Cardinal of, 532, 548, 575, 596
York, Duke of, 408
Yu-heen, 792
Z
Zacatecas, 315
Zaccaria, 578, 619-21, 864, 877
Zahlé, 807, 809
Zambesi, 794, 820-2, 824, 930
Zapata, 39
Zelada, 549, 574
Zelanti, 534, 536
Zikawei, 771, 790-3, 828, 843
Zoology, 834
Zúñiga, de, 692, 703
PRINTED IN U. S. A.
PRESS OF
J. B. LYON COMPANY
ALBANY, N. Y.
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes:
Superscripts are indicated by preceding them with a circumflex ^.
Simple typographical errors were corrected.
Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant
preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.
Some unbalanced quotation marks could not be resolved; the same
inconsistencies appear in at least one other edition of this work.
Many names are similar, differing only in the use of accent marks; some
Index entries have been made consistent with their references, but most
other differences and inconsistencies have not been changed.
"despatch" and "dispatch" both occur in this book.
Page 377: "1620-1740" changed to "1620-1704" to match actual lifespan of
Heinrich Scherer.
Page 416: "González's appeared" probably should be "González's name
appeared".
Page 792: "Father Lomüller" may be the "Léon Müller" on page 916.
Index entry "Wendrok. See Nicole" refers to a non-existent entry.
Index entries for "Demerara" and "Pius VI" corrected.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Jesuits, 1534-1921, by Thomas J. Campbell