_Question_. What have you to say in regard to the decision of
Judge Billings in New Orleans, that strikes which interfere with
interstate commerce, are illegal?
_Answer_. As a rule, men have a right to quit work at any time
unless there is some provision to the contrary in their contracts.
They have not the right to prevent other men from taking their
places. Of course I do not mean by this that strikers may not use
persuasion and argument to prevent other men from filling their
places. All blacklisting and refusing to work with other men is
illegal and punishable. Of course men may conspire to quit work,
but how is it to be proved? One man can quit, or five hundred men
can quit together, and nothing can prevent them. The decisions of
Judge Ricks and Judge Billings are an acknowledgment, at least, of
the principle of public control or regulation of railroads and of
commerce generally. The railroads, which run for private profit,
are public carriers, and the public has a vested interest in them
as such. The same principle applies to the commerce of the country
and can be dealt with by the courts in the same way. It is unlikely,
however, that Judge Billings' decision will have any lasting effect
upon organized labor. Law cannot be enforced against such vast
numbers of people, especially when they have the general sympathy.
Nearly all strikes have been illegal, but the numbers involved have
made the courts powerless.
_Question_. Are you in favor of the annexation of Canada?
_Answer_. Yes, if Canada is. We do not want that country unless
that country wants us. I do not believe it to the interests of
Canada to remain a province. Canada should either be an independent
nation, or a part of a nation. Now Canada is only a province--with
no career--with nothing to stimulate either patriotism or great
effort. Yes, I hope that Canada will be annexed.
By all means annex the Sandwich Islands, too. I believe in
territorial expansion. A prosperous farmer wants the land next him,
and a prosperous nation ought to grow. I believe that we ought to
hold the key to the Pacific and its commerce. We want to be prepared
at all points to defend our interests from the greed and power of
England.
We are going to have a navy, and we want that navy to be of use in
protecting our interests the world over. And we want interests to
protect.
It is a splendid feeling--this feeling of growth. By the annexation
of these islands we open new avenues to American adventure, and
the tendency is to make our country greater and stronger. The West
Indian Islands ought to be ours, and some day our flag will float
there. This country must not stop growing.
_Question_. Is the spirit of patriotism declining in America?
_Answer_. There has been no decline in the spirit of American
patriotism; in fact, it has increased rather then otherwise as the
nation has grown older, stronger, more prosperous, more glorious.
If there were occasion to demonstrate the truth of this statement
it would be quickly demonstrated. Let an attack be made upon the
American flag, and you will very quickly find out how genuine is
the patriotic spirit of Americans.
I do not think either that there has been a decline in the celebration
of the Fourth of July. The day is probably not celebrated with as
much burning of gunpowder and shooting of fire crackers in the
large cities as formerly, but it is celebrated with as much enthusiasm
as ever all through the West, and the feeling of rejoicing over
the anniversary of the day is as great and strong as ever. The
people are tired of celebrating with a great noise and I am glad
of it.
_Question_. What do you think of the Congress of Religions, to be
held in Chicago during the World's Fair?
_Answer_. It will do good, if they will honestly compare their
creeds so that each one can see just how foolish all the rest are.
They ought to compare their sacred books, and their miracles, and
their mythologies, and if they do so they will probably see that
ignorance is the mother of them all. Let them have a Congress, by
all means, and let them show how priests live on the labor of those
they deceive. It will do good.
_Question_. Do you think that Cleveland's course as to appointments
has strengthened him with the people?
_Answer_. Patronage is a two-edged sword with very little handle.
It takes an exceedingly clever President to strengthen himself by
its exercise. When a man is running for President the twenty men
in every town who expect to be made postmaster are for him heart
and soul. Only one can get the office, and the nineteen who do
not, feel outraged, and the lucky one is mad on account of the
delay. So twenty friends are lost with one place.
_Question_. Is the Age of Chivalry dead?
_Answer_. The "Age of Chivalry" never existed except in the
imagination. The Age of Chivalry was the age of cowardice and
crime.
There is more chivalry to-day than ever. Men have a better, a
clearer idea of justice, and pay their debts better, and treat
their wives and children better than ever before. The higher and
better qualities of the soul have more to do with the average life.
To-day men have greater admiration and respect for women, greater
regard for the social and domestic obligations than their fathers
had.
_Question_. What led you to begin lecturing on your present subject,
and what was your first lecture?
_Answer_. My first lecture was entitled "Progress." I began
lecturing because I thought the creeds of the orthodox church false
and horrible, and because I thought the Bible cruel and absurd,
and because I like intellectual liberty.
--New York, May 5, 1893.