Caecum (diverticulum), of alimentary can_The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 01 (of 10)

551;

of alimentary canal of Elasipoda, 569, 571

_Caenomorpha_, _137_, 141 n., 154;

_C. uniserialis_, 155

Cake-urchins = Clypeastroidea, _q.v._

Calcaire Grossier, 70

Calcarea, _184_ f.

Calcareous ooze, 114

Calcareous ring, of _Holothuria nigra_, 566;

of _H. cinerascens_, 567;

of _Phyllophorus rugosus_, 567

_Calcaromma calcarea_, 83

_Calcituba_, _59_;

growth of, 64;

pylomes of, 64

Calices of Madreporaria, 371

Calicoblasts, 385

Calkins, on nucleus in Protozoa, 25 n.;

on Protozoa, 46;

on rhythm in life-cycle of Ciliata, 148 n.

_Calliactis_ (family Sagartiidae, _381_);

_C. parasitica_, 378

_Callianira_, _418_

Callianiridae, _417_

Calthrop, 184;

of Radiolaria, 83

Calycophorae, 300 f. _305_

Calymma, 79, 82

_Calymma_, _420_

Calymmidae, _420_

Calyptoblastea, _275_ f.

Calyx, of _Echinus esculentus_, 513;

of _Echinarachnius parma_, 545;

of Pelmatozoa, 579;

of Crinoidea, 580, 588 f.;

of Carpoidea, 580;

of Cystoidea, 580, 598;

of Blastoidea, 580, 599;

of _Holopus_, 592;

of fossil Crinoidea, 595

Camerata, _595_

_Campanularia_, _280_

Campanulariidae, _280_

_Campascus_, _52_;

test of, 55

_Camptolithus_, _346_

_Camptonema_, _70_, 73

Canalaria, 201

Canals, "feeding," afferent, or replenishing of contractile vacuole

system in Ciliata, 14, 143, 146;

of _Stylonychia_, 139 f.;

of _Stentor_, 156

_Cannopora_, _283_

Cannopylaea (= Phaeodaria), _76_

Cannotidae, _278_

Capillitium of Myxomycetes, 90 f., 92

_Capnea sanguinea_, _383_

_Capria_, _321

Caravella_, _308_

Carbohydrates, formation of, 33

Carbon dioxide, attracts _Paramecium_, 23;

excretion of, 8, 13 f.;

secreted by _Arcella_, etc., 53

_Carchesium_, _138_;

feeding of, 145, 158

Carinal ossicle of Asteroidea, 436

Carlgren, 378 n.

_Carmarina_, _295_

Carpenter, P. H., on the classification of the Crinoidea, 589

Carpenter, W. B., classification of Foraminifera, 58;

on their true nature, 62;

on their structure, 63 f.;

on Arenacea, 65 f.;

on the nervous system of _Antedon rosacea_, 585

Carpoidea, 580, _596_ f.

Carter, on Protozoa, 45;

on Sponges, 167, 180, 208, 237 n.;

on fossil Hydrozoa, 270 n.

_Caryophyllia_, 386, _398_

Cash, on Rhizopoda, 58 n.

Cassidulidae, _554_

_Cassidulina_, _59_

_Cassiopea_, _324_

Cassiopeidae, _324_

Castellani, on Trypanosomic fever and sleeping sickness, 120

Catabolic, catabolism, 13 f., 24

Cataclysmal metamorphosis of Dipleurula, 613

Catallacta, _89_

Catostylidae, _325_

Cattle, Trypanosomic diseases of, 119 f.

Caudal cirrhi, 139 f.

_Caudina_, _575_

Caullery and Mesnil, on Actinomyxidiaceae, 98 n.

_Cavernularia_, 359, _364_;

_C. obesa_, 364

Cell, 3 f.;

definition of, 3;

nutrition of, 15 f., 35 f.;

-membrane of ovum of Sea-urchin, 7;

-wall, 3;

in Flagellates, 109, 113;

in Dinoflagellates, 130;

-boundary in Flagellates, 113;

-division, 24 f., 25, 27;

Spencerian division, 31 f.;

-unions in _Volvox_, 126, 127;

collar-, of Choanoflagellates, 121, 122;

of Sponges (= choanocytes), 171, 176, 186

Cellular relationship explained, 10

Cellulose, 37;

cell-wall of holophytic Flagellates, 113;

in Dinoflagellates, 130

Central blood plexus—see Heart

Central capsule, 49, 76, 77, 82, 84;

its functions in regeneration, 35;

of _Collozoum inerme_, 76

Centrifugal force, stimulus of, 19 f.

Centriole, 25, 27

Centripetal canals, 289

Centro-dorsal ossicle, of Crinoidea, 580;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 582;

of _Actinometra_, 588, 594;

of _Atelecrinus_, 594

Centrogenous (used of spicules = meeting in a common centre and growing

outwards), 76

_Centropyxis_, _51_;

test of, 55;

_C. aculeata_, reproduction of, 57

Centrosome, 19, 26 f.;

of Heliozoa, 72;

(= blepharoplast) in Flagellates, 115

Centrosphere, 25 f., 27

_Centrostephanus_, 522, _539_;

_C. longispinosus_, 522, 532, 539

Cephalis (= uppermost chamber of monaxonic Radiolarian shells), 83

_Cephalodiscus_, 617

Cephalont of Gregarines, 98

Cephalopoda, erroneous reference of Foraminifera to, 62

_Cephea_, _325_

Cepheidae, _324_

_Ceratella_, 263, _271_;

_C. fusca_, 271

Ceratellidae, _271_

_Ceratium_, _110_;

habitat of, 131

Ceratosa, _211_, _220_

_Cercomonas_, 116 n., 119;

_C. dujardini_, gametes of, 116 n.

_Cereactis_ (family Actiniidae, _381_);

_C. aurantiaca_, 378

Cerianthidea, 367, 373, 377, _409_

_Cerianthus_, 328, 366, _409_;

nematocyst of, 247;

_C. americanus_, 411;

_C. bathymetricus_, 411;

_C. lloydii_, 411;

_C. membranaceus_, 370, 410, _411_;

_C. oligopodus_, 411;

_C. vogti_, 411

Cestidae, _420_

Cestoidea, 413, 414, 416, _420_

_Cestus_, _420_;

_C. pectenalis_, 420;

_C. veneris_, 417, 420

Chaetetidae, _346_

Chalarothoraca, _71_

_Chalina_, _217_, 223

Chalk, Foraminifera, etc., in, 69 f.

Challengeridae (a family of Phaeogromia, _79_);

shells, skeleton of, 84, 85

Chambered organ, of _Antedon rosacea_, 584;

of Pentacrinidae, 592

Chambers, of Foraminiferal shell, 62

Chapman, on Foraminifera, 58 n., 70

_Charistephane_, _417_

_Charybdea_, 311, 314, _319_;

_C. xaymacana_, 310, 319;

_C. marsupialis_, 319;

_C. grandis_, 319

Charybdeidae, _318_

_Cheilostomella_, _59_

Cheilostomellaceae, _59_

Chela (a complex microsclere derived from a sigma and consisting of a

curved shaft bearing recurved processes), 234

Chemical, reactions, of protoplasm and of vacuoles, 13;

substances in solution, 19, 22 f.;

rays of spectrum in relation to plant pigments, 36 n.

Chemiotaxy, 23;

its rôle in syngamy, 34;

of Coccidians, 100

Chirodropidae, _319

Chirodropus_, _319_

_Chironephthya_, _349_;

_C. variabilis_, 338

_Chiropsalmus_, _319_

Chitin, 37

Chlamydomonadidae, _111_, 125, 126;

brood-division of active, 115

_Chlamydomonas_, _111_, 125 f.;

barotaxy of, 20;

conjugation of, 115 f.;

Dill on, 119 n.

Chlamydophora, _71_

_Chlamydophrys_, _52_;

_C. stercorea_, reproduction of, 57;

habitat of, 57 f.

_Chloramoeba_, _110_

Chloromonadaceae, _110_;

trichocysts in, 113 n.

Chlorophyll, 36 n.;

in Flagellates, 115 n.;

bodies of Euglenaceae, 124 f.

Chloroplasts (= chlorophyll bodies), of _Eutreptia viridis_, 124 f.

Choanocytes, 171, 176, 186, 200, 237

—see also Collar-cells

Choanoflagellata, Choanoflagellates (= Craspedomonadidae, _111_), 121,

122 f.;

in relation to Sponges, 41, 171, 181

_Choanophrya_, _159_ f., 162;

_C. infundibulifera_, 162

Choanosome, 170

_Chondrilla_, spicules of, 233

_Chondrioderma_, _90_;

_C. diffusum_, 93

_Chondrocladia_, _216_

Chondrophoridae, 301, _308_

Chone, 213, 214

Choristida, _212_

Chromatin, 6 f.;

function of, in cell-division, 24 f.;

of ovum of Sea-urchin, 7;

of Radiolaria, 81;

-granules, 7, 24

Chromatophore, 13, 21, 36 f., 113, 115;

of _Sphaerella_, 126

—see also Chromoplastid, Chlorophyll, Plastid

Chromidia, 30;

of Rhizopoda, 51;

of Foraminifera, 67 f.

Chromoplastid, 21, 36 f.;

of _Zooxanthella_, 86

—see also Chromatophore

Chromosomes, 25 f., 27;

functions of, 28 f.

_Chromulina_, _110_

_Chrysamoeba_, _110_

_Chrysaora_, 312, 315, 316, _323_;

_C. isosceles_, 311, 314, 323

_Chrysogorgia_, _355_

Chrysogorgiidae, _355_ (= Dasygorgiidae, 333)

_Chrysomitra_, 302, _309_

Chrysomonadaceae, _110_;

external plasmic layer of, 113;

symbiotic, 86, 125

Chun, 197 n., 300, 307 n., 308, 414 n.

_Chunella_, 360, _363_

Chytridieae, movements and affinities of, 114 n.;

relations of, 40, 48, 119

Cidaridae, 530, 531, 532, _533_, 558

_Cidaris_, 533, _534_;

_C. (Dorocidaris) papillata_, 534

Cienkowsky, on Monadineae (= Flagellates and Proteomyxa), 40, 89;

on Radiolaria, 88;

on _Zooxanthella_, 86;

on Cystoflagellates, 135

Cilia, 17, 18;

of Protozoa, 47;

paroral, 156 n.;

preoral, 139;

of Trichonymphidae, 123;

of _Opalina_, 123;

of _Maupasia_, 124;

of Ciliata, 141;

organs formed of combined, 138, 141, 413;

sensory, of _Stylonychia_, 138;

Schuberg, A., on, 141 n.

Ciliary motion, 18;

mechanism of, 18 n.

Ciliata, 18, 41, _137_ f., 181;

animal nutrition, 40;

conjugation, 149 f.;

contractile vacuole, 14 f., 143;

encystment, 147 f.;

feeding, 145;

fission, 147 f.;

form of body, 141;

galvanotaxy, 22;

infested by Suctorian parasites, 160 f.;

gut, 146;

mouth, 145;

nuclear apparatus, 144 f.;

parasitic, 152;

pharynx, 145;

pellicle, 141;

regeneration, 35, 145;

relations to Metazoa, 41;

rheotaxy, 21;

Suctoria allied to, 159;

thigmotaxy of, 20;

tubicolous, 152;

_Zooxanthella_ symbiotic with, 125

Ciliated, buds of Suctoria, 159, 160 f., 162;

epaulette, 607

Cilioflagellata (= Dinoflagellata, given by misinterpretation of

transverse flagellum), 130.

_Ciliophrys_, _75_ n., _89_

Cilium of _Noctiluca_, 133

_Cinachyra_, _212_, 215;

_C. barbata_, 212

Cinclides, 369

_Cinetochilum_, _137_

_Ciocalypta_, 225

_Cirripathes_, _408_;

_C. spiralis_, 408

Cirrus, of Crinoidea, 430, 580;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 581, 585;

of Rhizocrinidae, 588, 590;

of Pentacrinidae, 588, 591, 592;

of _Rhizocrinus_, 591;

of Comatulidae, 594;

of _Actinometra_, 594;

of _Antedon_, 594;

development of, in _A. rosacea_, 620;

of fossil Crinoidea, 595

_Cladocarpus_, _279_

_Cladocora_, 373, 400

_Cladocoryne_, _272_

Cladocrinoidea, 595

_Cladonema_, 266, _270_;

_C. radiatum_, 267

Cladonemidae, _270_

_Cladopathes_, _408_

Cladophiurae, 491, _494_, 502

_Cladorhiza_, _216_

Cladotyle (a rhabdus on which one actine is branched, the other tylote or

knobbed at the extremity), 222

Claparède and Lachmann on Protozoa, 45;

on Suctoria, 162

Clark—see James-Clark

Classification, of Protozoa, 48 f., 50;

of Rhizopoda, 51 f.;

of Foraminifera, 58 f.;

of Heliozoa, 70 f.;

of Radiolaria, 76 f.;

of Proteomyxa, 90;

of Sporozoa, 97;

of Flagellata, 109 f.;

of Protomastigaceae, 111;

of Volvocaceae, 111;

of Infusoria, 136;

of Ciliata, 137;

of Suctoria, 159;

of Sponges, 183 f.;

of Coelenterata, 249 f.;

of Ctenophora, 417 f.;

of Eleutherozoa, 430 f.;

of Asteroidea, 459 f.;

of Ophiuroidea, 491 f.;

of Echinoidea, 529 f.;

of Endocyclica, 532;

of Clypeastroidea, 548 f.;

of Spatangoidea, 552;

of Holothuroidea, 567 f.;

of Pelmatozoa, 580;

of Crinoidea, 589 f.

_Clathria_, 225

_Clathrina_, _186_, 221, 231;

_C. blanca_, larva of, 227

Clathrinidae, _185_ f.

_Clathrissa_, 223

_Clathrozoon_, 277, _279_;

_C. wilsoni_, 279

_Clathrulina_, _71_, 73, 74

_Clava_, _272_;

_C. squamata_, 263

_Clavatella_, 267, _270_

Clavatellidae, _270_

Clavidae, _272_

_Clavularia_, 330, 334, _344_;

_C. viridis_, 329, 337, 343 f., 344

Clavulariidae, _344_

Clearing of tissues, physical explanation of, 11

_Climacograptus_, _282_

Cliona, 219, 224

Clionidae, _218_

Cloaca of _Holothuria nigra_, 563

_Clypeaster_, 548, _549_

Clypeastridae (= Echinanthidae), _549_

Clypeastroidea, 529, _542_ f., 556, 559, 566

_Clytia_, _280_;

_C. johnstoni_, 275, 280 f.

Cnidoblast, 247, 248

Cnidocil, 248

Cnidopod, 248

Cnidosac, 300

Coalescence of individual Rhizopods during bud-fission, 55

Coccidiaceae, _97_, 99 f.;

relations to _Trypanosoma_, 120

Coccidiidae, _97_, 99 f., 101

Coccidiosis, 102

_Coccidium_, _99_ f., 101 f.;

_C. cuniculi_, 102;

_C. lacazei_, syngamy of, 101;

_C. schubergi_, 99 f., 101

_Coccolithophora_, _110_

Coccolithophoridae, in Chalk, 70;

wall of, 114

Coccoliths, 83, 110, 114, 242

Coccoseridae, _346_

Coccospheres, 83, 114

Cockroach, _Lophomonas_ parasitic in gut of, 123

_Codaster_, _599_

_Codosiga_, _111_

Coelenterata, 243 f.;

definition, 245;

almost all immune from Gregarines, 99

Coeliac canal of _Antedon rosacea_, 586

_Coelogorgia_, _349_

Coelogorgiidae, _349_

Coelom (including body-cavity), 428;

of _Asterias rubens_, 437;

of arm of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 480;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 516;

of _Holothuria nigra_, 562;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 585;

development of first rudiment in larva, 605;

subsequent development in Dipleurula, 608, 609;

in _Asterina gibbosa_, 611;

in _Antedon rosacea_, 618, 619

Coelomic nervous system, of _Asterias rubens_, 448;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 488;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 524;

of _Holothuria nigra_, 566;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 584, 585

_Coeloplana_, 412, _422_;

_C. mitsukurii_, 422

Coeloplanidae, _422_

Coenocyte, 30

_Coenograptus_, _282_

_Coenopsammia_, _404_

Coenosteum, 371, 387

Coenothecalia, _344_

Cohn, Ferdinand, on cultures of Schizomycetes, etc., 44

Cold-blooded Vertebrates, as hosts of Haemosporidae, 102

_Coleps_, _137_;

mail-like pellicle of, 141, 152;

_C. hirtus_, group feeding, 150

Collar, of Choanoflagellates, 121 f., 122;

of peristome of _Vorticella_, etc., 156

Collar-cells, in Choanoflagellates, 121 f., 122, 171, 237;

of Calcarea, 186;

of Non-Calcarea, 176, 200

—see also Choanocytes

Collencyte, 171

Colletocystophores, 320

Collida, 77 n.

Colloblasts, 414

Collodaria, 77

Colloidea, 77

_Collosphaera_, _77_;

symbiotic Diatoms in, 86

Collosphaeridae, 85

Collozoidae, 85

_Collozoum_, _77_;

_C. inerme_, 76

Collyritidae, _559_

_Colobocentrotus_, 532, _542_

Colonial, cells, 31;

Protista, 31

Colony, 31;

of _Collozoum inerme_, 76;

-formation in Polycyttarian Radiolaria, 84 f.;

in Flagellata, 113;

of Choanoflagellates, 121, 122;

in Vorticellidae, 158;

of Volvocidae, 126 f.;

of _Pandorina_, 128 f.;

of _Eudorina_, 129

Colour, red, of lakes and ponds, often due to Dinoflagellata, 131

Coloured vegetal nutrition, 36 f.

Colouring matter of chromatophores of Flagellates, 115 n.

_Colpidium_, _137_;

_C. colpoda_, diagram of conjugation, 149;

nuclear relations in conjugation, 151

_Colpoda_, _137_;

_C. cucullus_, 153;

brood-fission in cyst, 147

Columella, 370, 385

Columnals, 619 (= Stem-ossicles, _q.v._)

_Columnaria_, _344_

_Comatula_ = _Antedon_, _q.v._

Comatulidae, _594_

Combs of Ctenophora, 141, 412

Comitalia, 201

Commensals, of Heliozoa, 73;

of Radiolaria, 80, 86 f.;

of Infusoria, 153 f.;

—see also _Zoochlorella_, _Zooxanthella_, and Symbiosis

Comminator muscles of Aristotle's lantern, 526

Commissure of radial cords of aboral nervous system of _Antedon rosacea_,

585

Compasses (or radii) of Aristotle's lantern, 526

Conant, 319

Conaria larva, 302

_Conchophtheirus_, _137_

Conchula, 380

Confervaceae, related to green Flagellates, 48

Confervoid form of _Hydrurus_, 113

Conjugatae, syngamy of, compared to certain Chlamydomonads, 126

Conjugation, 33 f.;

of Rhizopoda, 54, 56 f.;

of _Trichosphaerium_, 54, 56 f.;

exogamous, in Foraminifera, 68 f.;

of Heliozoa, 72, 73 f.;

of Sporozoa, 95 f.;

of _Lankesteria_, 95 f.;

of _Monocystis_, 96;

of Gregarines, 97, 100;

of _Stylorhynchus_, 99;

bisexual, of _Sarcocystis tenella_, 108 n.;

of Flagellates, 115;

of _Bodo saltans_, 117;

of _Trypanosoma_, 120;

by a fertilising tube in _Chlamydomonas_, 125;

of Volvocaceae, 127 f.;

of _Volvox_, 127 f.;

isogamous and endogamous, of _Stephanosphaera_, 128;

in Dinoflagellates, 131 n.;

of _Noctiluca_, 133;

of Ciliata, 148 f.;

of _Paramecium caudatum_, 148;

of _Colpidium colpoda_, diagram, 149;

of Peritrichaceae, 151 f., 157;

of _Vorticella_, 157;

of Suctoria, 161;

of meganucleus in _Dendrocometes_, 161, 162

—see also Syngamy, Fertilisation

_Conoclypeus_, _558_

Constancy of type in Protista, 42 f.

Conte, 292 n.

Contractile vacuole, 5, 10, 14 f.;

of _Amoeba polypodia_, 5, 10;

of fresh-water and brackish Protozoa, accessory spaces and canals, 47;

of Rhizopods, 52;

of fresh-water Allogromidiaceae, 60;

of _Microgromia socialis_, 60;

of Heliozoa, 71, 72, 74;

of zoospore of _Clathrulina_, 74;

of Myxomycetes, 92;

of Flagellata, 110, 112, 115;

of _Cryptomonas_, 112;

of _Diplomita_, 112;

of _Oikomonas_, 112;

of _Tetramitus_, 112;

of _Trachelomonas_, 112;

of _Bodo saltans_, 117;

of Choanoflagellates, 122;

absent from Opalinidae, 123;

of Euglenaceae, 125;

of _Volvox_, 126;

of Ciliata, 143 f.;

in fission, 147;

of _Stylonychia_, 139 f.

of _Stentor_, 156;

of _Vorticella_, 157;

of Suctoria, 160 f., 162

Contractility, 8, 9;

muscular mechanism of, 14 f.

Contraction, of Amoeboid cell, 16 f.

Copepoda, infested by _Epistylis_, 158

—see also _Cyclops_

_Coppinia_, _280_;

_C. arcta_, 280

Coprolites, Radiolaria in, 87

_Copromyxa_, _90_

Coral, 326, 365;

Organ-pipe, 343;

Precious (= Red), 326, 352;

Flexible (= various Alcyonaria), 326;

Stony (= Madreporaria), 326, 384 f.;

Brain-, 401;

Black (= _Gerardia_, 406, and Antipatharia, 407);

-Reefs, 390 f.;

Reef-, 389 f.

Coralliidae, 335, _352_;

commercial importance, 328

Corallimorphidae, _383_

_Corallimorphus_, _383_

_Corallium_, 333, 350, _352_;

_C. boshuensis_ 352;

_C. confusum_, 352;

_C. elatius_, 352;

_C. inutile_, 352;

_C. japonicum_, 352;

_C. johnsoni_, 352;

_C. konojoi_, 352;

_C. nobile_, 340 n., 341, 352;

_C. pusillum_, 352;

_C. reginae_, 352;

_C. stylasteroides_ 352;

_C. sulcatum_, 352

Corbula, 276

_Cordylophora_, 269, _272_

Cormidia, 301, 305

_Cornularia_, 334, _344_

Cornulariidae, _344_

_Cornuspira_, _59_;

shell of, 64

Corona, of _Echinus esculentus_, 504, 511;

of Endocyclica, 530;

of Cidaridae, 530;

of Echinothuriidae, 530, 535;

of Temnopleurinae, 539

_Coronaster_, _474_

Coronata, 314, _321_

Cortex, 190, 191, 213;

gastral cortex, 188

Corticata, 49 n.

_Corydendrium_ (family Tiaridae, _273_);

_C. parasiticum_, 269

_Corymorpha_, 263, 265, 266, _273_;

_C. nutans_, 273

Corymorphidae, _273_

_Corynactis_, 372, _383_;

_C. viridis_, 383

_Coryne_, _272_

Corynidae, _272_

_Cosmiolithus_, _346_

Costae, 385, 387;

of Ctenophora, 413, 416 n.

_Costia_, _111_;

_C. necatrix_, produces epidemics in fresh-water fish, 119

_Cothurnia_, _138_, 158

Cotte, 218 n.

Cotton-spinner, 564

_Cotylorhiza_, _325_

Coupled cell, 31, 33 f.;

in Flagellates, 116 f.

—see also Zygote

Covering-plates, of arms of Ophiuroidea, 491;

of arms of Crinoidea, 589;

of _Hyocrinus_, 589, 590;

of Rhizocrinidae, 589, 591;

of Pentacrinidae, 589;

of _Antedon_, 589, 594;

of Thecoidea, 596;

of Blastoidea, 599

_Crambessa_, _325_

_Crambione_, _325_

_Craniella_, _213_, 213, 214;

_C. cranium_, 222

Craspedomonadidae, _111_, 115 n., 121 f., 122;

transverse division in, 115 n.

—see also Choanoflagellata

Crescent (gametocyte of _Laverania_), 104 f.

Cretaceous firestone of Delitzet contains _Peridinium_, 132

_Cribrella_, 457, _462_;

_C. (Henricia) sanguinolenta_, 462, 463;

_C. laeviuscula_, 462

Cribriform organs, 470

Cricket, Mole-, _Lophomonas_ parasitic in gut of, 123

Crinoidea, 430, _580_ f.;

development of, 617 f.

Crinorhiza, 212, 216

_Cristellaria_, _59_

_Crotalocrinus_, 595;

_C. pulcher_, 595

Crustacea, small, rheotaxy of, 21

_Cryptabacia_, _404_

Cryptogams, Higher, spermatozoa of, 38

_Cryptoglena_, shell of, 113

_Cryptohelia_, 284, _287_;

_C. ramosa_, 285

Cryptomonadaceae, _110_

_Cryptomonas_, _110_

Cryptozonate, 454

Crystals, in isospores of _Collozoum inerme_, 76;

proteid, 37

_Ctenocella_, _357_

_Ctenodiscus_, 458, _471_

Ctenophora, _412_ f.;

comb-plates of, 141

Ctenophoral plates, 141, 412

_Ctenoplana_, 416, _421_

Ctenoplanidae, _421_

Cubomedusae, 310, 316, _318_ f.

_Cucumaria_, _573_;

_C. crocea_, 573, 602;

_C. laevigata_, 602

Cuénot, on Sporozoa, 94;

on reproduction of _Monocystis_, 96 n.

_Culcita_, 453, _472_;

_C. tetragona_, 453

_Culex_, host of _Haemoproteus_ or _Proteosoma_, 103;

intermediate host of a _Trypanosoma_, 120

Cultures, pure, 43

Cunanthidae, _296_

_Cunarcha_, 296

_Cunina_, _296_;

_C. proboscidea_, 296;

_C. rhododactyla_, 296

_Cunoctantha_, _296_;

_C. octonaria_, 295

Cup (= theca), of Flagellates, 113;

of _Salpingoeca_, 122;

of _Acineta_, 159, 160

—see also Theca, Tube

_Cupulita_, _307_;

_C. sarsii_, 304

Current, 169, 171, 234 f.;

electric, stimulus of, 19, 22;

in liquid, relation of protoplasmic movements to, 7, 19, 21

Cuticle, of Dinoflagellata, 130;

of Gregarines, 96;

of _Noctiluca_, 133

—see also Membrane, Pellicle

Cuticular shell of Flagellates, 113

Cuvier, 245, 246

Cuvierian organs of _Holothuria nigra_, 564

_Cyanaea_, 311, 312, _324_;

_C. capillata_, 311, 324;

_C. lamarcki_, 324

Cyanaeidae, _324_

Cyathaxoniidae, _394_

Cyatholiths, 114

Cyathophyllidae, _394_

_Cyathophyllum_, _394_

Cycads, spermatozoa of, 38

_Cyclidium_, _137_

Cyclocnemaria, _397_

Cyclomyaria, _325_

_Cyclops_, host of _Choanophrya_, 159;

of _Rhyncheta_ and other Suctoria, 159 f., 162;

of Vorticellidæ, 158

Cycloseridae, _404_

Cydippidea, _417_

Cydippiform stage of Lobata and Cestoidea, 414

_Cydonium milleri_, 222

_Cymbonectes_, _306_

Cymbonectinae, _306_

_Cyphoderia_, _52_

Cyrtoidea, _79_

Cyst (a closed membrane distinct from the cytoplasm around a resting-cell

or apocyte), 37, 39;

cellulose-, 37;

chitinous, 37;

growth of vegetal cell in, 37;

of Protozoa present in dust, 47;

of _Centropyxis aculeata_, 57;

of _Chlamydophrys stercorea_, 57;

of _Amoeba coli_, 57;

of _Actinophrys sol_, 72;

of _Actinosphaerium_, 73 f.;

of Flagellata, 109, 117 f.;

brood-, of _Paramoeba eilhardii_, 116 n.;

of _Bodo saltans_, 117;

of _Opalina_, 123 f.;

of Volvocaceae, 128;

of Dinoflagellates, 131;

of _Pyrocystis_, 131, 132;

of Ciliata, 147;

of _Colpoda cucullus_, 147, 153;

temporary (hypnocyst) of Rhizopoda, 57;

of Proteomyxa, 88;

of Myxomycetes, 91;

-wall, of Acystosporidae, 104 f.

_Cystiactis_, _382_

Cystid—see Cystoidea

Cystiphyllidae, _394_

Cystoflagellata, _110_, 132 f.

Cystoidea, 580, _597_ f.

Cytogamy, 33 f.

Cytoplasm, 6;

of ovum of Sea-urchin, 7;

granular, nutritive, of muscle cell, 19;

in cell-division by mitosis, 26 f.;

during syngamy, 34

_Dactylometra_, 311, _323_;

_D. lactea_, 312

Dactylopores, 257

Dactylozooids, 264;

of _Hydractinia_, 264;

of _Millepora_, 259;

of Siphonophora, 299

Dale, on chemiotaxy, 22

Dallinger, W. H., and Drysdale, C., on Protozoa, 44, 45;

on organisms of putrefaction, 44, 116 f.;

on life-histories of Flagellates, 116 f.

_Dallingeria_, 111, 112, 119;

anchoring flagella of, 114;

_D. drysdali_, gametes of, 116 n.

Dalyell, 317 n., 375

Dangeard, on brood-division in active Chlamydomonadidae, 115;

on Flagellata, 119 n.

Dantec, Le, on protoplasmic movements, 16 n.;

on peptic digestion in Protozoa, 16

Darwin, 328 n., 360, 391

_Darwinella_, _221_

Dasygorgiidae, 333 (= Chrysogorgiidae, _355_)

Davenport on protoplasmic movements, 16 n., 19 n.

Dawydoff, 423

Dead men's fingers (= _Alcyonium digitatum_, 349)

Death, 11;

by diffluence, granular disintegration or solution, 14 f.;

by desolution, 15;

necessary, of colonial cells of _Volvox_, 128;

in _Volvox_ and in Metazoa, compared, 130

Deep-sea deposits (Foraminifera), 70

Degen, on functions of contractile vacuole, 15 n.

Degeneration, senile, among Ciliata, 148

Deglutition in _Podophrya trold_, 159

—see also Ingestion of food

_Deiopea_, _419_

Deiopeidae, _419_

Delage, on protoplasm, 3 n.;

on syngamy, 34 n.;

on motion of flagella, 114 n.;

on Sponges, 168, 174, 226;

and Hérouard, on Protozoa, 46

Delap, M. J., 311 n.

Deltoid plate of Blastoidea, 599

Demospongiae, 195, _209_ f.

_Dendoryx_, 224

Dendrite, 444

_Dendrobrachia_, _409_

Dendrobrachiidae, _409_

Dendroceratina, 209, _220_, 221

Dendrochirota, 568, 569, _572_, 577, 578

_Dendrocometes_, _159_, 160, 161 f.

Dendrograptidae, _281_

_Dendrograptus_, _281_

_Dendrophyllia_, _404_

Dendy, 188 n., 192, 274, 275

_Depastrella_, _321_

Depastridae, 320, _321_

_Depastrum cyathiforme_, _321_

Depressor muscles of compasses of _Echinus esculentus_, 527

_Dercitus bucklandi_, 221

Dermal, gill—see Papula;

membrane, 170

Dermalia, 201

_Dermasterias_, _471_

Desma (the megasclere which forms the characteristic skeletal network of

the Lithistida, an irregular branched spicule), 215, 224

_Desmacella_, 224

_Desmacidon_, 222

_Desmophyes_, _307_

Desmophyinae, _307_

Desmothoraca, _71_

Desolution of protoplasm, 11 f.

Deutomerite, 98

Development, of Sponges, 226;

of Scyphozoa, 316;

of Alcyonaria, 341;

of Zoantharia, 373;

of Echinodermata, 601 f.

Dextrin, 15

Diadematidae, 531, 532, _538_ f., 558

Diadematoid type of ambulacral plate, 531, 539

Dialytinae, _192_

Diancistra (a spicule resembling a stout sigma, but the inner margin of

both hook and shaft thins out to a knife edge and is notched), 222

_Diaphorodon_, _59_;

shell of, 60

_Diaseris_, _404_;

asexual reproduction, 388

Diatomaceae, skeleton of, 84;

symbiotic with _Collosphaera_, 86

Diatomin, 86;

(?) in coloured Flagellates, 115 n.

Dichoporita, _598_, 599

_Dicoryne_, 268, _270_

Dictyoceratina, _220_

_Dictyocha_, _110_

Dictyochida (= Silicoflagellata, _110_), 79;

in Phaeocystina, 86 f.

_Dictyocystis_, _137_;

test of, 152

Dictyonalia, 201

_Dictyonema_, _281_

Dictyonina, 202

_Dictyostelium_, _90_

Dicyclica, 594

_Dicymba_, _308_

Dicystidae, _97_

_Didinium_, _137_;

trichocysts of, 143

_Didymium_, _90_;

_D. difforme_, 92

_Didymograptus_, _282_

Diffluence, 14 f.

_Difflugia_, _52_;

_D. pyriformis_, 55;

test of, 55

Digestion, 9, 15 f.;

of reserves in brood-formation, 33;

in _Carchesium_, 147;

in Starfish, 440

Digestive system—see Alimentary Canal

_Dileptus_, _137_, 152 n.

Dill, on _Chlamydomonas_, etc., 119 n.

_Dimorpha_, _70_, 73, 75 n., 112

Dimorphism of chambered Foraminifera, 67 f.

_Dinamoeba_, _51_;

test of, 53

_Dinenympha_, _111_, 115;

undulating membranes of, 123

_Dinobryon_, _110_, 112

Dinoflagellata, _110_, 113, 130, 131, 132;

plastids of, 40;

nutrition of, 113

Dinoflagellate condition of young _Noctiluca_, 134

_Diphyes_, 303, _307_

Diphyidae, _306_

Diphyopsinae, _307_

Diplacanthid, 457

Dipleurula, definition, 605;

forms of, 605-608

_Diplocyathus_, 277

Diplodal, 210

_Diplodemia_, 223

_Diploëpora_, _346_

_Diplograptus_, 281, _282_

_Diplomita_, _111_

Diplopore, 597, 599

Diploporita, _598_, 599

Diprionidae, _282_

Directives, 367

Disc, of Vorticellidae, 155, 158;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 484

_Discalia_, _309_

Discohexaster, 200

Discoidea, _77_

_Discoidea_, _558_

Discomedusae (= Ephyropsidae, 322 + Atollidae, 322 + Discophora, 323)

_Discomorpha_, _137_

Discooctaster, 200

Discophora, 310, 316, _323_ f.

_Discorbina_, _59_, 63;

reproduction of, 69

Discosomatidae, _383_

Diseases, produced by Coccidiidae, 102;

by Acystosporidae, 103 f.;

by Flagellates, 119 f.;

by Trypanosomes, 119 f.;

Protozoic organisms of, 43 f.

Dissepiments, 385, 387

Dissogony, 419

_Distichopora_, 284, _286_

Distomatidae, _110_

Distribution of Protozoa, 47;

of Sponges, in space, 239 f.;

in time, 241

_Disyringa dissimilis_, 209, 214, 215

Diverticulum—see Caecum

Division, binary, 10;

reduction-, 75 n.

Dixon and Hartog on pepsin in _Pelomyxa_, 16

Dobie, 167

Doederlein, 193 n.

Doflein, 46;

on parasitic and morbitic Protozoa, 94 n.;

on syngamy of Cystoflagellates, 135

Dohrn, on carnivorous habits of _Sphaerechinus_, 516

Dolichosporidia (= Sarcosporidiaceae), _98_, 108

_Doramasia, 306_;

_D. picta_, 303

_Dorataspis_, _78_;

skeleton, 80

_Dorocidaris_—see _Cidaris_

Dorsal elastic ligament of _Antedon rosacea_, 587

Dorso-central plate of _Echinarachnius parma_, 543

Dourine, disease of horses and dogs, 119

_Drepanidium_ (= _Lankesterella_), _97_, 102

Dreyer, on genera and species of Radiolaria, 87 f.;

on skeleton of Radiolaria, 82 n.

Dropsy, ascitic, associated with _Leydenia_, 91

Drysdale and Dallinger, on organisms of putrefaction, 44 f., 116 f.

Dual force of dividing cell, 26 f.

Duboscq, Léger and, sexual process in _Sarcocystis tenella_, 108 n.

Duerden, 261, 369 n., 371, 373, 374, 389, 397 n., 400 n., 403, 405, 406

Dujardin, on sarcode (= protoplasm), 3;

on Protozoa, 45;

on true nature of Foraminifera, 62 f.;

on Sponges, 167

Dust, containing cysts of Protozoa, 47;

of Flagellata, 118

Dysentery, in Swiss cattle, caused by _Coccidium_, 102;

tropical, caused by _Amoeba coli_, 57

_Dysteria_, _137_, 153;

oral apparatus, 145;

shell, 141

Earthworm, _Monocystis_ parasitic in, 95

Echinanthidae, _549_

_Echinarachnius_, 548, _549_;

_E. parma_, 542 f., 543, 544, 545, 547;

shape, 542;

sphaeridia, 545;

internal skeleton, 545;

habits, 546;

alimentary canal, 546;

Aristotle's lantern, 546;

tube-feet, 547

_Echinaster_, 439, _462_

Echinasteridae, 455, 458, _462_

Echinating, 217

Echinidae, _539_, 558

Echininae, _539_

_Echinocardium_, _549_;

_E. cordatum_, 549 f., 551, 552;

habitat, 549;

shape, 550;

spines, 550;

sphaeridia, 551;

alimentary canal, 551;

tube-feet, 551;

habits, 552;

stone-canal, 552;

_E. flavescens_, 555;

_E. pennatifidum_, 555

Echinoconidae, _558_

_Echinocyamus_, 548, _549_;

_E. pusillus_, 549

_Echinocystites_, 557

Echinodermata, 425 f.

Echinoid stage in the development of a Holothuroid, 615

Echinoidea, 431, _503_ f.;

compared with Holothuroidea, 560;

with Blastoidea, 580;

mesenchyme of larva, 604;

development of, 607, 608, 609, 613, 614;

phylogeny of, 622

_Echinolampas_, _554_

_Echinometra_, _542_

_Echinomuricea_, _356_

_Echinoneus_, _553_, 553

Echinonidae, _553_

Echinopluteus, 607, 608;

metamorphosis of, 613, 614

_Echinosphaerites_, 598;

_E. aurantium_, 598

Echinothuriidae, 530, 531, 532, _535_, 558, 560

_Echinus_, 533, _539_;

_E. esculentus_, 504 f. 505, 507, 511-515;

locality, 504;

spines, 506;

pedicellariae, 506;

corona, 511;

periproct, 513;

peristome, 513;

alimentary canal, 516;

water-vascular system, 516 f.;

nervous system, 518 f.;

sphaeridia, 524;

perihaemal spaces, 524 f.;

genital system, 528;

blood-system, 529;

larva, 507;

_E. acutus_, 540;

pedicellariae, 509;

_E. alexandri_, pedicellaria, 510;

_E. elegans_, 539, 540;

pedicellariae, 510;

_E. microtuberculatus_, 540;

_E. miliaris_, 540, 542, 549;

_E. norvegicus_, 539, 540

Economic uses of Foraminifera, 69 f.

Ectocoele, 367

Ectoderm, 246

Ectoplasm (= ectosarc), 6, 46 f., 50;

of _Amoeba_, 5;

of Rhizopoda, 51 f.;

of Heliozoa, 71 f.;

of Radiolaria, 79 f. (see also Extracapsular protoplasm);

regeneration of, in Radiolaria, 35;

of _Collozoum inerme_, 76;

of Gregarines, 96 f.;

of Ciliata, 141 f.;

of _Stylonychia_, 140;

of Suctoria, 159;

of _Trachelius ovum_, 153;

of _Vorticella_, 156

_Ectopleura_, 268

Ectosarc—see Ectoplasm

Ectosome, 170

Ectyoninae, _217_

Edrioasteroidea, _580_, _596_

_Edwardsia_, 328, 366, 368, _376_;

_E. allmani_, 377;

_E. beautempsii_, 376, 377;

_E. carnea_, 377;

_E. goodsiri_, 377;

_E. tecta_, 377;

_E. timida_, 376, 377

Edwardsia stage of Zoantharia, 367

Edwardsiidae, _377_

Edwardsiidea, 367, 371, _375_, 395

Egg, fertilised, 31;

of Metazoa, 32 f.;

of bird, 32;

various meanings of, 34;

of affected Silkworm moths transmitters of pébrine, 107

Ehrenberg, on Protozoa, 45 f.;

on skeletons of Radiolaria, 87 f.;

on Ciliata, 146;

on Suctoria, 162

Eimer and Fickert, on classification of Foraminifera, 58 n.

Elasipoda, 569, _571_, 577, 578

Electric, currents, stimulus of, 19, 22;

shock, action on Amoeba, etc., 7

_Eleutheria_, the medusa of _Clavatella_, 265

Eleutheroblastea, _253_

Eleutheroplea, _279_

Eleutherozoa, _430_, 560, 577, 579, 583;

development of, 602 f.;

larva of, 605;

phylogeny of, 621, 622

Elevator muscles of compasses of _Echinus esculentus_, 527

_Ellipsactinia_, 283

Ellis, 167

Embryonic type of development, 601

Encystment, 37, 39;

of animal cells, 37;

of vegetal cells, 37, 39;

growth during, 37;

of zygote, general in Protista, 34;

of Rhizopoda, 57;

temporary, of Rhizopoda, 57 (see also Hypnocyst);

of Heliozoa, 72 f.;

of _Actinophrys_, 72;

of _Actinosphaerium_, 73 f.;

of Proteomyxa, 88, 89

of Myxomycete zoospores, 90 f.;

of Sporozoa, 96 f.;

of zygote of Sporozoa, 95 f.;

of Gregarines, 95 f., 98;

of _Lankesteria_, 95;

of _Monocystis_, 96;

of Coccidiidae, 97 f.;

of _Coccidium_, 100, 101;

of archespore or pansporoblast of Myxosporidiaceae, 107;

of Flagellates, 115, 117 f.;

of zygote of _Bodo saltans_, 117;

of _Opalina_, 123 f.;

of oosperm of Volvocaceae, 127 f., 129 f.;

of Dinoflagellates, 131;

of Ciliata, 147;

of _Colpoda cucullus_, 147, 153

Endocyclica, 529, _530_ f., 556, 559

Endoderm, 246

Endogamy, in _Amoeba coli_, 57;

in _Actinosphaerium_, 73 f., 75 (diagram);

in _Stephanosphaera_, 128

Endogenous budding in Suctoria, 160 f., 162

Endoparasitic Suctoria, 86, 160 f.

Endoplasm (= endosarc, _q.v._), 6

—see also Intracapsular protoplasm (Radiolaria)

Endoral, cilia, 139;

undulating membrane, 139

Endosarc (= endoplasm), 6;

of Gregarines, 95 f.;

branching, of _Noctiluca_, 110, 133;

of _Loxodes_ and _Trachelius_, 144, 153;

of Ciliata, 143 f.;

of _Stylonychia_, 140;

of Suctoria, 161

_Endosphaera_, _159_, 161

Energy, changes of, in living organism, 8, 13;

sources of, 13 f.

Entocnemaria, _394_

Entocoele, 367

_Entosolenia_, 66

Entz, Geza, on Choanoflagellates, 121 n.;

on structure of _Vorticella_, 157 n.

Eocene Foraminifera, 70

_Eolis_ (= _Aeolis_), 248

_Eophiura_, 501

_Eozoon_, 70 n.

Epaulettes, 315

_Epenthesis_, _281_

_Ephelota_, _159_, 160;

_E. bütschliana_, cytological study of, 162

_Ephydatia_, _217_, 225;

_E. fluviatilis_, structure, etc., 174 f., 176, 177, 178, 179

Ephyra, 317

Ephyropsidae, _322_

_Epiactis_ (usually placed in the order Zoanthidea, _404_);

_E. marsupialis_, 379;

_E. prolifera_, 379

_Epibulia_, _308_

Epidemic, of pébrine among Silkworms, 107;

among Fish, due to _Costia necatrix_, 119;

to Myxosporidiaceae, 107;

to _Icthyophtheirius_, 152

—see also Diseases, Fever

_Epigonactis fecunda_, 379

Epimerite of Gregarines, 97, 98 f.

Epineural canal, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 481;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 515

Epiphysis, of jaw, of _Echinus esculentus_, 526;

of jaws of Diadematidae, 531;

absent in Cidaridae and Arbaciidae, 531

Epiphytic Protozoa, 48

Epiplasm (= cytoplasm of a brood-mother-cell remaining over unused in

brood-formation), 96

_Epistrelophyllum_, _403_

_Epistylis_, _138_, 158;

_E. umbellaria_, nematocysts of, 249

Epitheca, 386

_Epizoanthus_, _406_;

on _Hyalonema_, 204;

_E. glacialis_, infested by Gregarines, 99;

_E. incrustatus_, 406;

_E. paguriphilus_, 406;

_E. stellaris_, 406

Epizoic, Protozoa, 48;

Ciliata, 158;

Suctoria, 158, 162

—see also Symbiosis

Equatorial plate (= the collective chromosomes at the equator of the

spindle in mitosis), 25, 27

Equiangular, 185

_Errina_, 284, _286_;

_E. glabra_, 286;

_E. ramosa_, 286

_Ersaea_, _306_;

_E. picta_, 303

_Esperella_, 225, 231

_Esperiopsis_, 225

Euaster (a true aster in which the actines proceed from a centre,

contrasting with the streptaster), 184

_Eucalyptocrinus_, 596

Eucharidae, _420_

_Eucharis_, _420_;

_E. multicornis_, 416, 418 f., 420

_Enchlora_, _417_

_Eucladia_, _502_

Euclypeastroidea, _549_

Eucopidae, 277, _280_

_Eudendrium_, 269, _270_

_Eudiocrinus_, _594_

_Eudorina_, _111_, 128 f.

_Eudoxia_, _306_;

_E. eschscholtzii_, 303

_Euglena_, _110_;

barotaxy of, 20;

nutrition of, 113;

_E. viridis_, 124

Euglenaceae, _110_, 124;

pellicle of, 113

Euglenoid motion, 124;

of Sporozoa, 50

_Euglypha_, _52_;

in fission, 29;

test, 29, 54

_Eunicea_, _356_;

spicules, 335, 336

_Eunicella_, _356_;

spicules, 335, 336;

_E. cavolini_, 356

_Eupagurus prideauxii_, 378, 381;

_E. bernhardus_, 378

_Eupatagus_, 553

_Euphyllia_, _401_

_Euplectella_, _204_;

_E. aspergillum_ (Venus's Flower-Basket, 197);

_E. imperialis_, 206;

_E. suberea_, 202, 204, 205, 221

_Euplexaura_, _356_

_Euplokamis_, _418_

_Euplotes_, _138_

Eupsammiidae, 402, _404_

_Eurhamphaea_, _419_

Eurhamphaeidae, _419_

Euryalidae, _501_

Eurypylous, 210

_Euspongia_, _221_

_Eutreptia_, _110_;

_E. viridis_, 124

Evacuation of faeces by mouth in _Noctiluca_, 133

Evans, 179 n., 217

Excretion, 13 f.;

in Sponges, 172;

in _Asterias rubens_, 437;

in _Echinus esculentus_, 527, 528;

in _Antedon rosacea_, 587

Excretory, granules, 6;

of Ciliata, 144;

pore of contractile vacuole of Flagellates, 110;

of _Trachelius ovum_, 153

Exogametes of _Trichosphaerium_, 54

Exogamy, 34 n.;

in Rhizopoda, 56 f.;

in Foraminifera, 68 f.

Expansion of Amoeboid cell, 16 f.

Exsert, septa, 398, 399

Extracapsular protoplasm, of Phaeodaria, 76;

of Radiolaria, 79 f. (see also Ectoplasm)

Eye of _Asterias_, 445 f., 446;

of Echinoidea, 512

Eye-spot of coloured Protista, 21, 125 f.

_Fascicularia_, _348_

Fasciole, of _Echinocardium_, 550, 555;

of Spatangoidea, 553;

of _Spatangus_, 553;

of _Eupatagus_, 553;

of Spatangidae, 555

Fats, fatty acids, 15;

in Flagellates, 110, 115;

formation of, 36

Fauré-Fremiet, on attachment of Peritrichaceae, 141 n.

Faurot, 368

_Favia_, 373, _401

Favosites_, _344_

Favositidae, _344_

Feather-star, 581

Feeding, of _Noctiluca_, 133, 144;

of Peritrichaceae, 145

—see also Food

Feeler, of _Holothuria nigra_, 561 f., 566;

of Holothuroidea, 568;

of Dendrochirota, 568, 572;

of Synaptida, 568, 575;

of Molpadiida, 568, 575

Female gamete, 33;

of _Pandorina_, 128 f.;

of Acystosporidae, 104 f.;

of Peritrichaceae, 151, 157

—see also Megagamete, Oosphere

Ferment, required for germination, brood-formation, etc., 32 f.

—see also Zymase

Fermentation, organisms of, 43 f.

Fertilisation, 33 f.;

"chemical," 32 n.

Fertilised egg, 31

—see also Oosperm, Zygote

Fertilising tube of _Chlamydomonas_, 125

Fever, intermittent, malarial, 103 f.;

relapsing, 121;

remittent, 105;

Texas-, Tick, 120;

Trypanosomic, 119 f.

Fewkes, 268 n.

Fibularidae, _549_

_Fibularites_, 559

Fickert, Eimer and, on classification of Foraminifera, 58 n.

_Ficulina_, _219_, 224, 230;

_F. ficus_, 219

Filoplasmodieae, _90_ f.

Filopodia, 47 n.

Filosa, 29, _50_, _52_ f.;

resemblance to Allogromidiaceae, 59

Finger, 580;

of Cystoidea, 597;

of Blastoidea, 599, 600

Firestone of Delitzet contains fossil _Peridinium_, 132

Fischer, on fixing reagents, 11;

on structure of flagellum, 114

Fish, rheotaxy of, 21;

epidemics of, due to Myxosporidiaceae, 107;

to _Costia necatrix_, 119;

to _Ichthyophtheirius_, 152

Fission, 10, 23 f.;

equal, 10;

Spencerian, 23;

multiple, 30 f. (see also Brood-division);

of Heliozoa, 72 f.;

of Radiolaria, 84 f.;

radial, in Volvocaceae, 110;

transverse, in Craspedomonadidae, 115 n.;

longitudinal and transverse, of _Bodo saltans_, 117;

of _Opalina_, 123;

of Euglenaceae, 124;

of _Eutreptia viridis_, 124;

of _Noctiluca_, 133;

of Ciliata, 147 f.;

of _Stentor polymorphus_, 156;

of Vorticellidae, 157 f.

—see also Bud-fission

Fissiparantes, 387, _400_

Fixing protoplasm, 15

_Flabellum_, 375, 386, _398_;

protandry of, 370

Flagella, flagellum, 17 f., 47;

of Protozoa, 47;

formed by altered pseudopodia in _Microgromia_, 60;

of Heliozoa, 73;

of sperms of Coccidiidae, 102;

of Acystosporidae, 105;

of Flagellata, 109, 114 f.;

of Trichonymphidae, 114;

Delage on mechanism of, 114 n.;

of _Bodo saltans_, 117;

of _Trypanosoma_, 121;

of Euglenaceae, 124 f.;

of _Maupasia_, 124;

of _Eutreptia viridis_, 124;

of _Sphaerella_, 126;

of Dinoflagellata, 130, 131;

of _Peridinium_, 131;

of _Polykrikos_, 132;

of _Noctiluca_, 132, 133 f.

—see also Sarcoflagellum

Flagellar pit, in Flagellates, 110, 124 f.

Flagellata, 17 f., 40, 48 f., _50_, _109_ f.;

barotaxy of, 20;

galvanotaxy of, 22;

chemiotaxy of, 23;

nutrition of, 40, 113;

of putrefying liquids, 44, 116 f.;

studied by botanists, 45;

as internal parasites, 48, 119 f.;

relations with Acystosporidae, 106;

shell of, 113;

stalk of, 113;

life-history of, 116 f.;

literature of, 119;

saprophytic, 119 f.

Flagellate stage, of Sarcodina, 56 f., 60, 109;

of Heliozoa, 74;

of Radiolaria, 85 f.

—see also Flagellula

Flagellated chamber, 170

Flagellula, 31;

of Proteomyxa, 88, 89;

of Myxomycetes, 91, 92;

of _Didymium_, 92

—see also Zoospores

Flagellum—see Flagella

Fleming, 168 n.

Flexible Corals, 326

Flint, 219, 241

Floricome, 203

Floscelle, of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 551;

of Cassidulidae, 554

Flowering plants, male cells of, 38

Flowers of tan (= _Fuligo varians_), 92 f.;

peptic ferment in, 16

Foam structure, 6

_Folliculina_, _137_;

tube of, 152

Food, 35 f. (see also Ingestion);

of Higher Animals, 38;

absorption of, by Plants, 38;

in relation to life-cycle of Ciliata, 147 f.;

of Sponges, 237;

of _Hydra_, 256 and n.;

of _Millepora_, 261;

of Siphonophora, 304;

of _Charybdea_, 319;

of _Alcyonium_, 339;

of Zoantharia, 373;

of _Asterias rubens_, 439;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 486;

of Ophiolepididae, 496;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 516;

of _Echinarachnius parma_, 546;

of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 552;

of _Holothuria nigra_, 561;

of Dendrochirota, 572;

of _Synapta inhaerens_, 577;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 583

Food-vacuole, of _Actinosphaerium eichornii_, 72;

of Ciliata, 145 f.;

of _Carchesium_, 146

Foot-plate, of young Pentacrinidae, 592;

of larva of _Antedon rosacea_, 619

Foraminifera, 40, 49, _50_, _58_ f.;

relations of, 49;

shell of, 49, 59 f., 60, 61, 63, 65;

habitat of, 59 f.;

literature of, 58 n.;

marine, 60 f.;

nuclei of, 62, 67 f.;

nutrition of, 40, 62;

streaming of granules in, 17;

chromidia of, 62, 68 f.;

collection of, 62;

dimorphism of, 66, 67;

reproduction of, 67 f.;

economic uses of, 69 f.;

palaeontology of, 69 f.

Forbes, 338

Force, dual, of dividing-cell, 26 n.

_Forcepia_, 223

Forceps, 222

Forcipulata, _462_, _473_ f.

Forcipulate pedicellaria, 456, 473

Formative vacuole of contractile vacuole, in Flagellata, 110, 115;

in Ciliata, 143

Fossil, Foraminifera, 69 f.;

Radiolaria, 87 f.;

Dinoflagellata, 132;

_Peridinium_, 132;

Sponges, 192 f., 207 f., 215, 241;

Coelenterates, 270, 281 f., 343 f., 346, 393 f., 406;

Asteroidea, 475 f.;

Ophiuroidea, 501 f.;

Echinoidea, 556 f.;

Crinoidea, 594 f.;

Thecoidea, 596;

Carpoidea, 596 f.;

Cystoidea, 597 f.;

Blastoidea, 599 f.

Fowler, 293 n., 382, 400, 404

Framboesia, 121 n.

France, epidemic of pébrine in, 107

Francé, on structure of funnel of Choanoflagellates, 115 n., 121 n.;

monograph of Choanoflagellates, 123, 182 n.;

on Polytomeae, 119 n.

Freetown, prophylaxis of malaria at, 106

Fringing reef, 390 f.

Frog's blood, _Lankesterella_ in, 102

_Frondicularia_, _59_, 63

Fructification, of Mycetozoa, 90 f.;

of Acrasieae, 90;

of Myxomycetes, 49, 91 f.

Fry, E. and A., on Myxomycetes, 93 n.

_Fuligo_, _90_;

_F. varians_, 92 f.;

pepsin in, 16

Fungacea, _402_

Fungi, cell connexions in, 37 f.;

in relation to Protista, 40;

Gasteromycetous, 91

_Fungia_, _403_;

asexual reproduction of, 388, 389;

_F. crassitentaculata_, 403

Fungiidae, _403_

_Funiculina_, 359, _362_;

_F. quadrangularis_, 362

Funiculinidae, _362_

Funnel, of Craspedomonadidae or Choanoflagellates, 111, 121, 122, 182;

of Phalausteridae, 111;

of choanocytes of Sponges, 171

Fusion of larval Sponges, 174

Fusion-nucleus of Ciliata, 150

—see also Reproduction, Syngamy, Zygotonucleus

_Fusulina_, _59_

_Galaxea_, _400_;

_G. esperi_, 400

_Galeolaria_, _307_;

_G. biloba_, 304

Galeolarinae, _307_

_Galerites_, _558_

Gamble, 312 n.;

and Keeble, 175 n.

Gametes, 33 f.;

of _Trichosphaerium_, 54;

of certain Protomastigaceae, 116 n.;

of Volvocidae, 127 f.;

of _Pandorina_ (of three sizes), 128, 129

Gametocyte of Acystosporidae, 104 f.

Gametogonium (= parent-cell of gametes), male, of Acystosporidae, 105

Gametonuclei (= nuclei capable of syngamous fusion), 34

_Ganeria_, _464_

Ganeriidae, 454, _464_

Gardiner, 345, 370, 375, 392 n., 404

_Garveia_, _270_

Gasteromycetous fungi, 91

Gastral layer, 171

Gastralia, 201

Gastropores, 257, 258

Gastrozooids, of _Millepora_, 259, 260;

of _Hydractinia_, 264;

of Siphonophora, 299;

of Antipatharia, 408

Gastrula, definition of, 603

Gaule, misinterpretation of nature of Haemosporidae, 102

Gegenbaur, 302

_Gellius_ _217_, 223;

_G. varius_, development, 172 f., 173, 174

Gemmantes, _400_

_Gemmaria_, _405_

Gemination = Budding, _q.v._

Gemmiform, pedicellariae, of _Echinus esculentus_, 506;

of _E. acutus_, 509;

of _E. elegans_, 510;

of Cidaridae, 534;

of _Echinarachnius parma_, 544;

of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 550

Gemmule, 177, 178, 179, 230

Generation, spontaneous, 42 f.

Generations, alternation of, 44, 250

Genital base of _Holothuria nigra_, 567

Genital bursa, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485

compared with hydrospires of Blastoidea, 600

Genital canal of _Antedon rosacea_, 586

Genital organs (including ducts), of _Asterias rubens_, 451 f.;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 490;

of _Ophiarachna_, 491;

of Ophiuroidea, 494;

of _Amphiura squamata_, 494;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;

of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 552;

of _Hemiaster philippi_, 552;

of _Holothuria nigra_, 567;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 586

Genital plate, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 512, 513

Genital rachis, of _Asterias rubens_, 452;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 490;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 586

Genital scale of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485

Genital stolon, of _Asterias rubens_, 451;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 489;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;

of _Holothuria nigra_, 567;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 585, 586;

of larva of _A. rosacea_, 619

_Geodia_, 211

Geographical distribution of Protozoa, 47

Geotaxy (= barotaxy), 20

_Gephyra dohrnii_, _382_, 408

Gephyrea, 577

Gerarde, 167

_Gerardia savalia_, _406_

_Gerbillus indicus_ infested by a Haemosporidian, 102 n.

Germinal spot (= nucleole of ovum), 7

Germinal vesicle (= nucleus of ovum), 7

Germination, 32;

of Myxosporidian spores, 107

Germ-plasm, 28 f.;

continuity of, 172

Germ theory, 44

Germs, invisible air-borne, 43

_Geryonia_, 290, _295_

Gilchrist, 338

Gill of _Echinus_, 514, 527

Gill-cleft, of _Echinus_, 514;

of _Sphaerechinus_, 540 f.;

of _Strongylocentrotus_, 541

_Ginkgo_, spermatozoa of, 38

_Glaucoma_, _137_, 153;

_G. scintillans_, rate of fission of, 147 f.

Glauconite, 70

_Globiceps_, 272

Globiferae of _Centrostephanus longispinosus_, 532

_Globigerina_, 59, 63, 242;

spines of, 61, 66;

-ooze, 61 f.;

_G. bulloides_, 68, 69

_Glossina morsitans_, intermediate host of _Trypanosoma brucei_, 119;

_G. palpalis_, intermediate host of _T. gambiense_, 120

_Glossograptus_, _282_

Glycerin, 15

Glycogen, of Ciliata, 144;

-vesicles of _Pelomyxa palustris_, 53

Gnat (_Anopheles_), intermediate host of _Haemamoeba_ and _Laverania_,

103 f.;

(_Culex_) intermediate host of _Haemoproteus_, 103;

of _Trypanosoma_, 120

Golgi, on relation of Acystosporidian life-cycle and stages of

intermittent fever, 103

_Gonactinia_, 371, 372, _377_

Gonangium, 276

_Goniaster_, _471_;

fossil, 475

_Goniastraea_, 375, _401_

_Goniocidaris_, _534_;

_G. canaliculata_, 535

_Gonionema_, 288, _291_;

_G. murbachii_, 232, 290, 291, 292

_Gonium_, _111_

Gonophore, of Gymnoblastea, 265;

of Calyptoblastea, 277;

of Stylasterina, 284;

of Siphonophora, 302

Gonotheca, 276, 281

Gonozooids, of Siphonophora, 302;

of Antipatharia, 408

Gorgonacea, _350_ f.

_Gorgonella_, _357_;

spicule, 336

Gorgonellidae, 337, _357_

_Gorgonia_, _356_;

_G. cavolinii_, 340;

_G. flabellum_, 357;

_G. verrucosa_, 356

Gorgoniidae, 334, 337, _356_

_Gorgonocephalus_, 491, _501_

Gosse, 273

Goto, 291, 293;

on development of Bipinnaria, 612

_Grammaria_, _278_

_Granatocrinus_, _599_;

_G. norwoodi_, 600

Grant, 167

Grantiidae, _192_

_Grantiopsis_, 191

Granular disintegration of Protista, 14 f.

Granules, in protoplasm, 6;

excretory, 6, 144;

aleurone, 37;

basal, of cilia, etc., 138 n., 141 (see also Blepharoplast);

proteid, of Suctoria, 161

Graphiohexaster, 203

Graptolitoidea, _281_

Grassi, on malarial parasites, 103

Gravity, stimulus of, 19 f.

Greasy film, outer clear layer of protoplasm behaves like, 17

Greeff, on Protozoa, 46

Green Flagellates, relations of, 48

Greensand, 70;

Cambridge, 208

Green water often due to _Euglena viridis_, 124

Greenwood, M., on peptic digestion in Protozoa, 16;

on feeding of _Carchesium polypinum_, 45 f., 146 f.

_Gregarina_, _97_, 98, 99;

_G. blattarum_, 98

Gregarines, habitat, 99;

syngamy, 99

Gregarinidaceae, 95 f., _97_ f.

Gregory, 346

Grew, 166

Grey chalk, 61

_Gromia_, _52_;

_G. oviformis_, 59 n.

—see also _Allogromia_

Grooves, longitudinal and transverse, of Dinoflagellata, 110, 130, 131,

132;

of _Peridinium_, 131;

of _Polykrikos_, 132;

oral, of _Noctiluca_, 133

Grosvenor, 249 n.

Growth, 19 f.;

Spencer's limit of, 23, 31

Gruber, on regeneration in Protozoa, 35 n.;

on diffused nucleus in marine Ciliata, 144 n.;

on tubicolous marine Ciliata, 152

Gruppe, deposit of Radiolaria, 87

Guinea Coast, 106

Gullet (= pharynx) of _Paramecium caudatum_, 151

Gut, supposed, of Ciliata, 145

—see also Alimentary canal

Gutter, oral, of Vorticellidae, 156, 158

Gymnamoebae, 51 n.

Gymnasteridae, _471_

Gymnoblastea, _262_ f.

_Gymnodinium_, _110_;

_G. pulvisculus_, parasitic in _Appendicularia_, 132

Gymnomyxa, 49 n.

_Gymnophrys_, _58_

_Gymnosphaera_, _70_, 73

Gymnostomaceae, _137_;

predaceous, trichocysts of, 143;

mouth and pharynx of, 145;

noteworthy members of, 152

_Gyractis_, _380_

Häcker, on skeleton of Radiolaria, 82 n.

Haddon, 382

Haeckel, 168, 185, 192, 237, 308;

on Monera, 4 n., 89 n.;

on Protista, 40 f.;

on Protozoa, 46;

on Heliozoa, 71;

on classification of Radiolaria, 76;

on functions of porocone in Radiolaria, 81;

on enumeration of Radiolaria, 87 f.;

on _Myxobrachia_, 83;

on Sponges, 168, 192;

on phylogeny of Echinodermata, 622

_Haeckeliana_, _79_, 85

_Haemamoeba_, _97_, 103 f.;

_H. malariae_, parasite of quartan fever, 104 f.;

_H. vivax_, parasite of tertian fever, 104 f.

Haematochrome, 125

_Haematococcus_ (= _Sphaerella_, _111_), 125, 126

Haemoflagellates (= _Trypanosoma_, etc., _q.v._), 119 n.

Haemoglobin, 103;

in water-vascular system of _Ophiactis virens_, 499

_Haemogregarina_, _97_

_Haemomenas_ (Ross's name for parasite of pernicious fever = _Laverania_,

_97_), 105

_Haemoproteus_, _97_;

parasitic in birds, 103

Haemosporidae, _97_, 102

_Haimea hyalina_, _342_;

_H. funebris_, 342.

Haimeidae, _342_

_Halcampa_, 366, _380_;

_H. chrysanthellum_, 380

Halcampidae, 375, _380_

_Halecium_, 277, _280_

_Haleremita_, _256_

_Halicalyx_, _291_

_Halichondria_, _217_, 223;

_H. panicea_, structure, etc., 168 f., 169, 170, 211

Halichondrina, 216, _217_

_Haliclystus_, 320, _321_;

_H. auricula_, 320

_Halicnemia_, _216_, 224

_Haliomma_, _77_

_Haliphysema_, _59_

_Halisarca_, _196_, 225

_Halomitra_, _404_

_Halteria_, _137_, 152, 155

_Halteridium_, _97_;

sexual fusion in, 103, 105;

regarded by Schaudinn as a state of _Trypanosoma_, 103 n., 120

_Hamacantha_, 223

Hamann, on supposed cavities in the body-wall of Asteroidea, 449;

on classification of Zygophiurae, 495 n.

Hanitsch, 168 n.

_Hapalocarcinus_, 402

Hardy, on structure of protoplasm and clearing, 11, 12 n.

_Hartea elegans_, _342_

Hartlaub, 269 n., 274, 297 n.

Hartog, on Protozoa, 1 f.;

on structure of protoplasm, living and dead, 11;

on function of contractile vacuole, 15 n.;

on intracellular digestion, 16;

on brood-division (multiple cell-division), 16 n.;

on dual force of dividing cell, 26 n.;

on syngamy, etc., 34 n.;

and Dixon, on pepsin in _Pelomyxa_, 16

Harvey, "omne vivum ex ovo," 42

_Hastigerina_, _59_, 66

_Hauerina_, _59_

Heart, of _Asterias rubens_, 450

Heart-urchins = Spatangoidea, _q.v._

Heat—see Temperature

Heat-rigor, 22

_Heleopera_, _52_;

test of, 55

_Heliaster_, _474_

Heliasteridae, 453, 454, _474_

_Heliolites_, _346_

Heliolitidae, _346_

_Heliopora_, 330, 334, 337, _345_ f.

Helioporidae, _346_

Heliozoa, _50_, _70_ f.;

streaming of granules, 17;

regeneration, 35;

habitat, 48;

locomotion, 73;

various forms of, 74;

marine, 75;

distribution of, 75;

resemblance of Suctoria to, 159

_Hemiaster_, _556_;

_H. philippi_, 552, 555, 602, 603

Hemichordata, 616

Henneguy, on protoplasm, 3 n.;

on syngamy, 34 n.

_Henneguya_, _98_

_Henricia_—see _Cribrella_

Hérouard, Delage and, on Protozoa, 46

_Herpetolitha_, _404_

_Herpetomonas_, 115

Hertwig, R., on Protozoa, 46;

on chromidia in Sarcodina, 52 n.;

on Heliozoa, 71;

on Radiolaria, 88;

on Suctoria, 161 n., 162

Heteractinellida, _208_

_Heterastridium_, _283_

_Heterocentrotus_, 532, _542_

Heterocoela, _187_ f.

_Heterophrys_, _71_

Heteropidae, _192_

Heterotrichaceae, _137_, 153 f.;

fission of, 147

_Heteroxenia_, 333, 335, _348_

Hexactine (a triaxon in which all six actines are developed), 184

Hexactinellida, 194, 195, _197_ f., 228, 240

_Hexadella_, _196_

_Hexamitus_, 115

Hexaster (a hexactine with secondary or terminal rays = Carter's

"rosette"), 203

Hexasterophora, _203_ f.

Hickson, on interchange of cytoplasm in conjugating Infusoria, 149 n.;

on conjugation in Suctoria, 161 f.;

on Coelenterata, 243 f.;

on _Millepora_, 259 n.;

on Stylasterina, 286 n.;

on Alcyonaria, 329 n., 351 n., 352 n., 359 n.;

on Antipatharia, 408 n.;

on Ctenophora, 412 f.

Hieronymus on _Chlamydomyxa_, 90 n.

Hincks, 268 n.

Hinde, 193, 207

_Hippasterias_, _471_

_Hippopodius_, _307_

_Hippospongia_, _221_

Holectypoidea, _558_

Holophytic, Algae and Fungi, zoospores of, 5;

nutrition, 37;

Flagellates, 113

Holopodidae, _592_

_Holopus_, 588, 589, _594_

_Holothuria_, _570_;

_H. nigra_, 561 f.;

shape, 561;

feelers, 561;

body-wall, 562;

alimentary canal, 562;

respiratory trees, 563;

water-vascular system, 564;

nervous system, 566;

calcareous ring, 566;

blood system, 567;

genital organs, 567;

_H. cinerascens_, 567;

_H. fusco-rubra_, 567;

_H. aspera_, 570;

_H. intestinalis_, 570;

_H. tremula_, 570

Holothuroidea, 431, 537, _560_ f., 583;

mesenchyme of larva, 604;

development of, 609, 614, 615;

phylogeny of, 622

Holotrypasta (= Porulosa), _76_

Holozoic, 35 f.;

Flagellates, 113;

Dinoflagellates, 131

Holt, 311 n.;

on burrowing habits of _Strongylocentrotus lividus_, 541 n.

Homaxonic (= symmetrical about a centre along an indefinite number of

equivalent axes), 76

Homocoela, _185_ f.

_Homoeonema_, _294_

_Homostichanthus anemone_, _383_

Honey-bees, alleged spontaneous generation of, 42

_Hormiphora_, _418_;

_H. plumosa_, 413

Human diseases, produced by Coccidiaceae, 102 f.;

by _Amoeba histolytica_, 57;

by Trypanosomids, 119 f.

Huxley, on Protozoa, 45;

first description of a living Radiolarian, 88;

on Cystoflagellates, 135

_Hyalonema_, 203, _204_;

_H. sieboldi_, 206;

_H. thomsoni_, 204, 221

_Hyalopus_, _52_;

_H. dujardini_, 59 n.

_Hyalosphenia_, _52_;

_H. lata_, 55

_Hyboclypus_, _558_;

_H. gibberulus_, 558

_Hybocodon_ (Corymorphidae, _273_), 265

_Hydatina senta_, often found with _Euglena viridis_, 124

_Hydra_, _253_ f., 255;

nematocysts of, 247;

species of, 256;

specific gravity of, 13 n.;

host of _Kerona_ and _Trichodina_, 158;

_Zoochlorella_ in, 126, 256;

_H. oligactis_ (= _fusca_), 253, 256;

_H. pallida_, 256 n.;

_H. viridis_, 253, 256;

_H. vulgaris_, (= _grisea_), 253, 256;

nematocyst, 247

_Hydractinia_, 263, 265, 268, _270_

_Hydrallmania falcata_, _278_

_Hydrichthys mirus_, 268

Hydroceratinidae, _279_

Hydrocladia, 276

Hydrocoel (including left hydrocoel), 428;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 585;

development of, 608 f., 609;

development in _Asterina gibbosa_, 611;

in Auricularia, 615;

in _Antedon rosacea_, 619

_Hydroctena salenskii_, _423_, 424

Hydrolaridae, _273_

Hydrophyllium, 297, 300

Hydrorhiza, 262

Hydrosome, 250, 251

Hydrospire, of Blastoidea, 580, 599;

of _Codaster_, 599;

of _Pentremites_, 599;

of _Granatocrinus_, 599 f.

Hydrotheca, 275

Hydrozoa, _249_ f.;

hydrosome, 250;

life-history, 250;

medusome, 250, 251 f.;

sense-organs, 252

_Hydrurus_, _110_;

theca of, 113

_Hymedesmia_, 222

_Hymenaster_, _466_;

_H. pellucidus_, 465

_Hymeniacidon_, 224

_Hymeraphia_, 223

Hyocrinidae, _590_

_Hyocrinus_, 588, 589, _590_, 590;

_H. bethellianus_, 590

_Hyperia_ (Amphipod), parasitic in Radiolaria, 87

_Hyphalaster_, _471_;

_H. moseri_, 459

Hypnocyst, of Rhizopoda, 57;

of Proteomyxa, 88 f.;

of _Pseudospora_, 89;

of Myxomycetes, 90 f.

_Hypolytus peregrinus_, 262, _271_ n.

Hypophare, 210

Hypostome, 250

Hypotrichaceae, _137_, 138 f., 158 n.

_Ianthella_, _220_

_Ichthyophtheirius_, _137_;

noxious parasite of fish, 152

_Iciligorgia_, _351_

Idioplasm, 29

Ijima, 199, 206, 231, 234

_Ileonema_, _137_, 152

_Ilyanthus mitchellii_, _380_

_Ilyodaemon_, _571_, 572;

_I. maculatus_, 571

Imperforate, Foraminifera, _58_ f.;

Corals, 371

Inadunata, _595_

Incurrent canal, 170

India, diseases of Trypanosomic origin, 119 f.

Induction shocks, action on Protozoa, 7, 22

Infero-marginal ossicle of Asteroidea, 436

Inflammation, 8

Infra-basal plate, of Crinoidea, 588;

of fossil Crinoidea, 594;

of larval _Antedon rosacea_, 619

Infundibulum, 415

Infusions, appearance of organisms in, 42 f.;

organisms of, 136

Infusoria, 40, 48, _50_, 136 f.;

specific gravity of, 13 n.;

zygote does not encyst, 34.

Ingestion, of food, by _Amoeba limax_, 9;

by Choanoflagellates, 122;

by Dinoflagellates, 131;

by _Carchesium_, 146;

by _Coleps_, 150

—vacuole of, in Flagellates, 113;

in _Oikomonas_, 112;

in Choanoflagellates, 122

Inner perihaemal ring-canal, of _Asterias rubens_, 448;

development of, in _Asterina gibbosa_, 612

Inoculation of malarial fever in man through a mosquito, 105 f.

Insectivorous plants, 38

Insects, metamorphoses of, 44;

as hosts of Trichonymphidae, 123

Interambulacral area, of _Echinarachnius parma_, 544;

of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 550

Interambulacral plate, of _Echinus esculentus_, 511;

of Cidaridae, 533 f.;

of _Echinarachnius parma_, 544 f.

Interbrachial septa—see Interradial septa

Interchanges between cell and medium, 14

Intermediate dorsal process of ciliated band of Auricularia, 608

Intermediate (= supplemental) skeleton of Perforate Foraminiferal shell,

63, 66

Intermittent fever, malarial, produced by Acystosporidae, 103 f.

Internal budding of Suctoria, 160 f., 162;

of _Ephydatia_, 177

Internal gills—see Stewart's organs

Internal movements of protoplasm, 17

Interradial plates, of calcareous ring of _Holothuria nigra_, 566;

of Holothuroidea, 569;

of Synaptida, 569;

of Dendrochirota, 569;

of calyx of Crinoidea, 589;

of _Thaumatocrinus_, 589;

of _Hyocrinus_, 590;

of Rhizocrinidae, 591;

of corona of Echinoidea—see Interambulacral plate

Interradial septa, of _Asterias rubens_, 437;

of Heliasteridae, 474;

absent in Brisingidae, 475

Interradius, 428;

of _Asterias rubens_, 434;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 504;

of _Holothuria nigra_, 562

Interstitial growth, 10

Intestine, 415;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 516;

of _Holothuria nigra_, 563;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 583;

of _Actinometra_, 589;

of Dipleurula, 605;

of Protocoelomata, 616

Intracapsular protoplasm of Radiolaria, 80 f.

Intramolecular respiration, 14 n.

Intranuclear spindle of _Euylypha_, 29

Invertebrata, hosts of Gregarines, 97 f.

Iodine, 239

_Iophon_, 223

_Iridogorgia_, _355_

_Isaurus_, _405_

_Ischadites_, _207_

Ischikawa, on syngamy of Cystoflagellates, 135;

on structure of _Ephelota_, 162

Isidae, 337, _353_

_Isidella_, _354_

_Isis_, _353_

Ismailia, prophylaxis of malaria at, 106

Isochela (a chela divisible by each of two planes into two equal parts,

the two ends being equally developed), 222

_Isocrinus_—see _Pentacrinus_

Isogamy, 33 f.;

of Rhizopoda, 56 f.;

of _Stephanosphaera_, 128

—see also Syngamy

Isospores, 85;

of Radiolaria, 76;

of _Collozoum inerme_, 76

Jaekel, on Silurian Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea, 501;

on classification of Crinoidea, 589, 595;

on classification of Cystoidea, 598

James-Clark, on Protozoa, 46;

on Choanoflagellates, 121, 123;

on Sponges, 167

Jaw, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 482;

of fossil Ophiuroidea, 502;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 526

Jelly, forming theca in Flagellates, 113

Jelly-fish, 249, 297, 323

Jennings, on protoplasmic movements, 4 n., 16 n.;

reaction of Protista to repellent stimuli, 20 n., 21 n.

Jensen, on density of living protoplasm, 13 n.;

on protoplasmic movements, 16 n.

Joblot, on organisms of putrefaction, 43;

on Protozoa, 45

_Joenia_, _111_

Johnson, 352 n.

_Juncella_, 330, 335, _357_

Jung, 253 n.

Jungersen, 359 n.

Karyogamy, 34 n.

—see also Syngamy of Ciliata

Karyokinesis, 25, 26, 27;

function of, 28 f.;

of micronuclei of Ciliata, 144 f.

—see also Mitosis

_Karyolysus_, _97_

Karyosome, 24

Keeble, 175 n.

Keller, 233

Kemna, on stylopodium of Foraminifera, 60

Kent, Saville, on Choanoflagellates, 122 f., 182;

on Infusoria and Flagellates, 136 n.

_Keroeides_, _351_

_Kerona_, _138_;

_K. polyporum_, 158 n.

Kieselguhr, 87

Kirkpatrick, 215

Kishinouye, 313 n., 321 n., 333, 352

Klebs, on Flagellates, 119;

on Dinoflagellates, 130

Koch, von, on methods of cultivation of lower organisms, 44;

on malarial parasites, 103

Kölliker, on Sporozoa, 94 f.

_Kophobelemnon_, _362_

Kophobelemnonidae, _362_

Köppen, on _Sticholonche_ and its parasite, _Amoebophrya_, 87 n.

_Korethraster_, 453, _463_

Kowalevsky, 341, 422

Krukenberg, on pepsin in a Myxomycete, 16

Kükenthal, 363

Labbé, on Protozoa, 45;

monograph of Sporozoa, 102 n.

Labial plexus of _Antedon rosacea_, 587

Labyrinthine shell-wall of arenaceous Foraminifera, 59, 66

_Labyrinthula_, _90_ f.

Lachmann, Claparède and, on Protozoa, 45;

on Suctoria, 162

_Lacrymaria_, _137_, 152 n.;

encystment, 147

_Lafoea_, _280_;

_L. dumosa_, 280

_Lafoëina_ (Campanulariidae, _280_), 277

_Laganum_, 548, _549_

_Lagena_, _59_, 63, 66 f.;

fossil, 70

Lagenaceae, _59_

Lagoon, 390 f.

_Lamblia_, _111_;

_L. intestinalis_, conjugation, 116 n.

_Lampetia_, _418_

Lancet-plate, 599

Lang, on syngamy, etc., 34 n.;

on Protozoa, 46;

on distinctions of pseudopodia, 47 n.

Lankester, on Protozoa, 45 f.;

on classification of Protozoa, 49 n.;

on Proteomyxa, 89;

on Sporozoa, 94;

on Haemosporidae, 102;

on pigment of _Stentor coeruleus_, 154 n.;

on _Torquatella_, 155 n.;

on chlorophyll of _Ephydatia_, 175;

on _Limnocodium_, 292

_Lankesterella_, _97_, 102

_Lankesteria_, _97_;

_L. ascidiae_, life-cycle of, 95

Lantern-coelom of _Echinus esculentus_, 524;

represented by buccal sinus of _Holothuria nigra_, 566

_Lanuginella pupa_, 198

_Lar_, _273_;

_L. sabellarum_, 266, 267, 268

Larcoidea, _77_

Larva, of sponges, 180, 226, 227;

"asexual," 228;

of _Tubularia_, 271;

of Stylasterina, 284;

of Trachomedusae, 290;

of Narcomedusae, 295;

of _Velella_, 302;

of Scyphozoa, 317;

of Alcyonaria, 341;

of _Renilla_, 360;

of Zoantharia, 373;

of Zoanthidae, 405;

of Cerianthidea, 411;

of Ctenophora, 416, 419;

of _Cribrella_, 462;

of _Luidia_, 605;

of _Asterina gibbosa_, 463, 610, 611, 612;

of Ophiuroidea, 606;

of _Echinus_, 607;

of _Synapta_, 608;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 618, 619, 620

Larval brain, of Echinopluteus, 607;

of _Antedon rosacea_, 619

Larval type of development, 601

Lateral mouth-shields of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485

Lauterborn, on sapropelic organisms, 48;

on budding in Rhizopods, 56 n.

Laveran, on Sporozoa, 94;

on Acystosporidae, 102

_Laverania_, _97_;

parasite of bilious or pernicious fever, 104 f.

_Lebrunia_, _382_;

_L. coralligens_, 373

_Lecqueureusia_, _52_;

_L. spiralis_, test of, 55

Lee, A. Bolles, on action of clearing reagents, 11 n.

Leech, host of _Haemogregarina_, for sexual process, 102

Leeuwenhoek, on organisms of putrefaction, 42 f.

Léger, on Protozoa, 45;

on Sporozoa, 94;

on sperms of _Pterocephalus_, 99 n.;

and Duboscq, on _Sarcocystis tenella_, 108 n.

Leidy, on Protozoa, 46

_Leiopathes_, 368, _409_

Leiopathidae, _409_

_Leiosella_, 225

Leipoldt, on the madreporic vesicle of Echinoidea, 528

_Lelapia australis_, _192_

_Lembadion_, _137_;

caudal cilia of, 141 n.

_Lembus_, _137_;

caudal cilia of, 141 n.

_Lemnalia_, _349_

Lendenfeld, von, 218, 220, 220 n.

_Lepidogorgia_, _355_

Leptobrachiidae, _325_

_Leptodiscus_, _110_, 132, 134

_Leptogonaster_, 456, _467_

_Leptogorgia_, 340, _357_

_Leptopenus_, _404_

_Leptophyllia_, _404_

Lesser, Hertwig and, on Heliozoa, 71

_Lesueuria_, _419_

Lesueuriidae, _419_

_Leucandra_, 191, _192_, 209, 221

_Leucilla_, _191_, 191

Leucin, 15

Leuckart, 245

Leucocyte, 4 f.;

movements of, 7 f.

_Leucophrys_, _137_

Leucosin, 115

_Leucosolenia_, 221;

collar-cell, 186;

larva, 227 f.;

spicule, 232;

_L. botryoides_, buds, 228, 229

Leucosoleniidae, _185_ f.

Levander, on _Caenomorpha_, _Metopus_, etc., 154 n.

_Leydenia_, _90_ f.

Liberation of sporozoites of Acystosporidian parasite in relation to fits

of fever, 103

Lice, supposed spontaneous generation of, 42

Lichen compared to Radiolarian with symbiotic holophytic organisms, 86

_Lichnophora_, _138_;

adoral wreath, 138 n.

Lieb, Calkins and, on rhythm in life-cycle of Ciliata, 148 n.

Lieberkühn, 167, 178, 237 n.

_Lieberkühnia_, _59_, 61

Life-cycle, life-history, of _Trichosphaerium sieboldi_, 54, 56;

of Polythalamic Foraminifera, 67 f.;

of _Lankesteria ascidiae_, 95 f.;

of _Coccidium schubergi_, 99 f., 101;

of malarial parasites, 103, 104 f.;

of Flagellata, 116 f.;

of Ciliata, 147 f.

Light, stimulus of, 19, 21 f.;

function of, in carbohydrate formation, 36;

effect on Euglena, 125

Lillie, on regeneration in Protozoa, 35 n.

Limicolous Protozoa, 48

Limit of growth, Herbert Spencer's, 23 f., 31

_Limnocnida_, _293_;

_L. tanganyicae_, 293

_Limnocodium_, _293_;

_L. sowerbyi_, 292

_Linantha_, _322_

_Linckia_, 459, _471_

Linckiidae, 461, _471_

Lindström, 346

_Linerges_ (allied to Atollidae, _322_), 316

Linin, 6, 24 f.;

of ovum of Sea-urchin, 7

_Linuche_, _322_

_Lionotus_, _137_, 152 n.

Lipochrome, 39

_Liriantha appendiculata_, 291, _295_

_Liriope_, 288, 290, _295_;

_L. rosacea_, 289

_Lissodendoryx_, 224

_Lissomyxilla_, 225

Lister, A., on Myxomycetes, 93 n.

Lister, J. J., on Foraminifera—reproduction, 67 f.;

dimorphism, 67;

palaeontology, 70;

classification, 58 f.;

on _Astrosclera_, 194 n.

Lithistida, 194, _212_, _215_

_Lithobius forficatus_, host of _Coccidium schubergi_, 99

_Lithocercus_, _78_;

_L. annularis_, 82

Lithoninae, _193_ f.

_Lithostrotion_, _394_

Littoral Protozoa, 48

_Lituaria_, _364_

_Lituola_, _59_

Lituolidaceae, _59_

Living beings, characters of, 16 f.;

criterion of, 11

_Lizzia_, 265, _270_

Lobata, 414, 416, _418_ f.

_Lobophytum_, 333, 347, _349_

Lobopodia, 47 n.

Locomotion, in Heliozoa, 73

Loeb, Jacques, on "chemical" fertilisation, 32 n.;

on polarity in regeneration, 229 f.

_Loftusia_, _59_, 70, _283_

Lohmann, on Silicoflagellates, 114 n.

Loisel, 237, 238

Longitudinal band of cilia of Dipleurula, 604;

of Tornaria, 616

Longitudinal fission of _Eutreptia viridis_, 124;

of Flagellates, 109, 115;

of _Bodo saltans_, 117 f.;

of Craspedomonadidae, 122

Longitudinal flagellum and groove in Dinoflagellata, 130, 131

Longitudinal section, of a young Asteroid, 445;

of a young Ophiuroid, 486;

of a Holothuroid, 563;

of _Antedon_, 584;

of free-swimming larva of _Antedon_, 618

_Lophocalyx philippensis_, 229

_Lophoctenia_, _418_

_Lophohelia_, _399_;

_L. prolifera_, _399_

_Lophomonas_, _111_, 123

Lophophore, 579

_Lophophyllum_, _406_ f.

Louse, host for sexual process, etc., of Haemosporidian, 102 n.

_Loxodes_, _137_, 144, 152 n.

_Loxophyllum_, _137_, 152

_Lucernaria_, 320, _321_;

_L. campanulata_, 321

Lucernariidae, _320_

Ludwig, on the blood-system of Asteroidea, 449;

on the axial sinus of Ophiuroidea, 487;

on the classification of Holothuroidea, 570

Lühe, figures of _Lankesteria_, 95

_Luidia_, _467_ f., 471, 477;

fossil, 475;

larva of _L. ciliaris_, 605

Luminosity or phosphorescence of sea, due to Cystoflagellata, 132, 134

f.;

to Dinoflagellata, 132

Lunule, 548

_Lychnorhiza_, _325_

Lychnorhizidae, _325_

_Lytocarpus_ (Plumulariidae, _279_), 277

Maas, 168, 189 n., 228 n., 230, 231 n., 232 n., 233, 324

MacBride, E. W., on Echinodermata, 425 f.

MacBride, Massee, on Myxomycetes, 93 n.

MacCallum, on malarial parasites, 103

M'Dougall, on motile reaction of Protozoa, 19 n.

M'Intosh, 370 n.

MacMunn, 169

Macrocnemic, 405

Macrocneminae, _405_

Macrogonidia of _Volvox_, 126, 127

Macro-, prefix misused to mean "large," usually replaced here by "mega,"

_q.v._

_Madrepora_, 368, 373, 387, 389, _395_;

_M._ forma _cervicornis_, 395;

_M._ forma _palmata_, 395;

_M._ forma _prolifera_, 395

Madreporaria, 369, 371, _384_ f.

Madrepores, 326 = Madreporaria, _q.v._

Madreporic vesicle (or right hydrocoel) of _Asterias rubens_, 448;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 490;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;

development in Dipleurula, 609

Madreporidae, _395_

Madreporite, 428;

of _Asterias rubens_, 434;

of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 487;

of Ophiuroidea, 493;

of Cladophiurae, 493;

of _Echinus esculentus_, 512, 517;

of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 562;

of _Holothuria tubulosa_, 564;

of Elasipoda, 571;

of Pelagothuriida, 572;

in older fossil Pelmatozoa, 583;

in _Thecocystis sacculus_, 596

_Magosphaera_, _89_

Maidenhair tree, spermatozoa of, 38

_Malacogorgia_, 334, _357_

Malarial fever produced by Acystosporidae, 103 f.

Mal de Caderas (= falling sickness of cattle), 119

Male gamete, 33;

motile in Lower Plants, Higher Cryptogams, Cycads, and _Ginkgo_, 38;

of _Pandorina_, 128 f.;

of _Eudorina_, 129;

of Peritrichaceae, 151

—see also Sperm, Spermatozoon

Malignant tumour, associated with _Leydenia_, 91

Mammals, syngamy in, 34;

contain Sarcosporidiaceae in muscles, 108

Man, host of _Amoeba_, 57;

of Coccidiaceae, 102 f.;

of _Sarcocystis tenella_, 108 n.;

of _Trichomonas vaginalis_, 119;

of Trypanosomes, 119 f.;

of the Ciliata _Nyctotherus_ and _Balantidium_, 152

_Manicina_ (Fam. Astraeidae, _399_), 373;

_M. areolata_, 370, 389

Mann, on function of nucleus, 24 n.

Manson, on relation of Filarial disease to gnats or mosquitos, 103

Manson, the subject of inoculation experiments with malarial parasites,

106

Manubrium, 251

_Margelis ramosa_, _269_

_Margelopsis_, _270_, 274 f.

Marginal, anchors, 320;

cirrhi, 139 f.

_Marginaster_, _464_

Marine, Foraminifera, 60 f.;

Heliozoa, 75

Marrow, red, of bones, habitat of resting states of malarial parasites,

106 n.

Marshall, on amphidiscs, 179

Marshall, on Pennatulacea, 359 n.;

on the physiology of the nervous system of _Antedon rosacea_, 585

Marsigli, 167

_Marsupifer valdiviae_, 379

_Marsupites_, 588

_Maryna_, _137_;

_M. socialis_, tube, 152

Massee, on Myxomycetes, 93 n.

_Mastigamoeba_, _109_, 112

Mastigophora (Bütschli's name for Flagellata), 109

_Mastigophrys_, _71_, _75_ n.

Maturation of schizont of Acystosporidian parasite in relation to

fever-fit, 103

Maupas, on Protozoa, 45;

on life-cycle of Ciliata, 147 f.

_Maupasia_, _111_, 124

Mayer, 312

_Meandrina_, 388, _401_;

_M. labyrinthica_, 370

Mechanical stimuli, 19 f.

Median dorsal process of ciliated band of Bipinnaria, 606

Medium gametes in _Pandorina_, 128 f.

Medusa, 250;

of _Millepora_, 259 f.;

of Gymnoblastea, 262 f.;

of Calyptoblastea, 277 f.;

in Trachomedusae, 288 f.;

in Narcomedusae, 295 f.;

fresh-water, 292 f.;

of Siphonophora, 302, 309;

in Scyphozoa, 310 f.

Medusome, 250, 251, 252

Megagamete, 33;

Caecum (diverticulum), of alimentary canal of _Echinocardium cordatum_,