stability.
F
FIN—A fixed vertical plane.
FLEXED—A wing is said to be flexed when it curves upward forming
an arc of a circle.
FLYING STICK—Name applied to ordinary A type and single stick
models.
FLYING MACHINE—Literally a form of lighter than air craft; a
gas-borne airship.
FLYING BOAT—A hull or large float used in connection with an
aëroplane to enable its rising from and alighting upon the
surface of the water.
FRAME—A single or double stick structure to which all parts of
a model are attached. Three or more sticks are sometimes
employed in the construction of a frame. However, the usual
number is two, joined together in the form of letter “A.”
FRAME HOOKS—The looped ends of a piece of wire attached to the
point of the frame to accommodate the S hooks attached to the
rubber strands.
FRAME SIDE MEMBERS—Two main sticks of an A type frame.
FUSELAGE—The body or framework of an aëroplane.
G
GLIDER—An aëroplane without motive power.
GUY—A brace, usually a wire or cord used for tuning up the
aëroplane.
GROSS WEIGHT—The weight of the aircraft, comprising fuel,
lubricating oils and the pilot.
GYROSCOPE—A rotating mechanism for maintaining equilibrium.
GAP—The vertical distance between the superposed wings.
H
HANGAR—A shed for housing an aëroplane.
HARBOR—A shelter for aircraft.
HEAVIER THAN AIR—A machine weighing more than the air it
displaces.
HELICOPTER—A flying machine in which propellers are utilized to
give a lifting effect by their own direct action on the air.
In aviation the term implies that the screw exerts a direct
lift.
HELMSMAN—One in charge of the steering device.
HYDROAËROPLANE—An aëroplane with pontoons to enable its rising
from the surface of the water. Known as hydro in model
circles.
K
KEEL—A vertical plane or planes arranged longitudinally either
above or below the body for the purpose of giving stability.
L
LATERAL STABILITY—Stability which prevents side motion.
LOADING—The gross weight divided by the supporting area measured
in square feet.
LONGITUDINAL STABILITY—Stability which prevents fore and aft
motion or pitching.
LONGERONS—Main members of the fuselage. Sometimes called
longitudinals.
M
MAST—A perpendicular stick holding the stays or struts which keep
the wings rigid.
MODEL AËROPLANE—A scale reproduction of a man-carrying machine.
MECHANICAL POWER—A model driven by means other than rubber
strands such as compressed air, steam, gasoline, spring,
electricity and so forth is termed a mechanical driven model.
The power used is termed mechanical power.
MOTIVE POWER—In connection with model aëroplanes a number of
rubber strands evenly strung from the propeller shaft to the
frame hooks which while unwinding furnish the necessary power
to propel the model.
MAIN BEAM—In connection with model aëroplanes a long stick which
is secured to the under side of the wing frame at the highest
point in the curve of the ribs adding materially to the
rigidity of the wing.
MONOPLANE—An aëroplane or heavier than air machine supported by a
single main wing which may be formed of two wings extending
from a central body.
MULTIPLANE—An aëroplane with more than four wings superposed.
N
NACELLE—The car of a dirigible balloon, literally a cradle. Also
applied to short body used in connection with aëroplanes for
the accommodation of the pilot and engine.
NET WEIGHT—Complete weight of the machine without pilot, fuel or
oil.
O
ORNITHOPTER—A flapping wing machine which has arched wings like
those of a bird.
ORTHOGONAL—A flight maintained by flapping wings.
OUTRIGGERS—Members which extend forward or rearward from the main
planes for the purpose of supporting the elevator or tail
planes of an aëroplane.
P
PLANE—A surface or wing, either plain or flexed, employed to
support or control an aëroplane.
PILOT—One directing an aëroplane in flight.
PITCH—Theoretical distance covered by a propeller in making one
revolution.
PROPELLER—The screw used for driving an aëroplane.
PROPELLER BEARINGS—Pieces of bronze tubing or strips of metal
formed to the shape of the letter “L” used to mount
propellers. Also made from blocks of wood.
PROPELLER BLANK—A block of wood cut to the design of a propeller.
PROPELLER SPAR(S)—The heavy stick or sticks upon which the
bearing or bearings of a single or twin propeller model are
mounted.
PROPELLER SHAFT—A piece of wire which is run through the hub of
the propeller and tubing in mounting the propeller.
PYLON—Correctly, a structure housing a falling weight used for
starting an aëroplane, commonly a turning point in aëroplane
flights.
PUSHER—An aëroplane with the propeller or propellers situated in
back of the main supporting surfaces.
Q
QUADRUPLANE—An aëroplane with four wings superposed.
R
RUDDER—A plane or group of planes used to steer an aëroplane.
RUNNER—Strip beneath an aëroplane used for a skid.
RUNNING GEAR _or_ LANDING GEAR—That portion of the chassis
consisting of the axle, wheels and shock absorber.
RIB—Curved brace fastened to the entering and trailing edges of a
wing.
S
SCALE MODEL—A miniature aëroplane exactly reproducing the
proportions of an original.
SPAR—A mast strut or brace.
SIDE SLIP—The tendency of an aëroplane to slide or slip sideways
when too steep banking is attempted.
STABILITY—The power to maintain an even keel in flight.
STARTING PLATFORM—A runway to enable an aëroplane to leave the
ground.
SURFACE FRICTION—Resistance offered by planes or wings.
SLIP—The difference between the distance actually traveled by a
propeller and that measured by the pitch.
SOARING FLIGHT—A gliding movement without apparent effort.
SUSTAINING SURFACE—Extent of the wings or planes which lend
support to an aëroplane.
SPAN (SPREAD)—The dimension of a surface across the air stream.
STREAMLINE—Exposing as little surface as possible to offer
resistance to air.
SKIDS—In connection with model aëroplanes, steel wires or strips
of bamboo allowed to extend below the frame to protect the
model in landing and to permit its rising off the ground or
ice.
S OR MOTOR HOOKS—A piece of wire bent in a double hook to
resemble the letter “S.” One end to be attached to the frame
hook, the other serving as accommodation for the rubber
strands.
T
TAIL—The plane or planes, both horizontal and vertical, carried
behind the main planes.
TANDEM—An arrangement of two planes one behind the other.
THRUST—The power exerted by the propeller of an aëroplane.
TENSION—The power exerted by twisted strands of rubber in
unwinding.
TRACTOR—An aëroplane with the propeller situated before the main
supporting surfaces.
TRIPLANE—An aëroplane with three wings superposed.
TRAILING EDGE—The rear edge of a surface.
TORQUE—The twisting force of a propeller tending to overturn or
swerve an aëroplane sideways.
U
UP WIND—Against the wind.
W
WAKE—The churned or disturbed air in the track of a moving
aëroplane.
WASH—The movement of the air radiating from the sides of an
aëroplane in flight.
WINGS—Planes or supporting surfaces, commonly a pair of wings
extending out from a central body.
WINDER—An apparatus used for winding two sets of rubber strands
at the same time in opposite directions or one at a time.
Very often made from an egg beater or hand drill.
WARPING—The springing of a wing out of its normal shape, thereby
creating a temporary difference in the extremities of the
wing which enables the wind to heel the machine back again
into balance.
ABREVIATIONS
H. P. Horse Power.
R. P. M. Revolutions per minute.
H. L. Hand launched.
R. O. G. Rise off ground model.
R. O. W. Rise off water model.
M. P. H. Miles per hour.
THE END
————————————— End of Book —————————————
Transcriber’s Note (continued)
Errors in punctuation have been corrected. Inconsistencies in spelling,
grammar, capitalisation, and hyphenation are as they appear in the
original publication except where noted below:
Page 16 – “bob-sled″” changed to “bobsled″” (an ordinary bobsled)
Page 53 – “approximately cross section” changed to “approximately
circular cross section”
Page 55 – “run” changed to “runs” (one of which wires runs to)
Page 83 – “ten″” changed to “10″” (10″ propeller)
Page 105 – “five cylinder” changed to “three cylinder” (Schober-Funk
three cylinder rotary engine) [This change was made to
the illustration caption on this page and also to the
entry in the List of Illustrations that points to it.]
Page 106 – “diagram 17” changed to “diagram 18” (The accompanying
diagram 18 illustrates)
Page 108 – “crank-shaft” changed to “crankshaft” (The two-throw
crankshaft)
Page 111 – “cam-shaft” changed to “camshaft” (provided for the
camshaft)
Page 112 – “crank-shaft” changed to “crankshaft” (the crankshaft
is driven)
Page 113 – “stream-line” changed to “streamline” (streamline form)
Page 116 – “Bi-plane” changed to “Biplane” (Type Biplane Model)
The prefix of AËRO/Aëro/aëro as in ‘aëroplane’, etc., is used
throughout the body text of the original publication with a few
exceptions. These latter have been changed for consistency in this
transcription. The unaccented prefix AERO/Aero/aero is now only used
in title page text.
Incorrect entries in the Table of Contents have had their text and/or
page references changed so that they agree with the text and location
of the parts of the original publication to which they refer.
Entries in the DICTIONARY OF AËRONAUTICAL TERMS which are not in
the correct alphabetical order have been left as they appear in the
original publication. Some minor typographical errors and spelling
mistakes have been corrected without further note.