þon, 4/108, «art.» the. O.E. þone.
[p141]
INDEX OF NAMES.
AGREMARE, Agremour or Egremour, a town in Spain situated on the
river Flagot. The soudan is holding his court there (l. 33), when
he hears of the injuries done to his subjects by the Romans. Having
destroyed Rome, he returns to Agremor (l. 672) [not to Morimonde, as
in the «Destruction», l. 1351, and in «Fierabras», l. 27]. At Agremor
the twelve peers are imprisoned and besieged. «Syr Ferumbras» reads
«Egremoygne», «Egremoun», «Agremoun».
ALAGOLOFUR, a Saracen giant, warden of the bridge of Mantrible; ll.
2135, 2881, 2149, 2175, 2801, 3053. In «Syr Ferumbras», l. 3831, etc.,
he is called Agolafre. In the French poem of «Fierabras» we find
Agolafre and Golafre.
ALCARON, l. 2762, a Saracen deity; cf. note to l. 2271.
ALEROYSE, l. 1699, one of the twelve peers; cf. note to l. 884.
ALISAUNDRE. Ferumbras is called King of Alisaundre, ll. 510, 984.
Cf. «Destr.» 71, 1237, 1315. «Fierabras», 50, 66, 538, etc. Ashmole
«Ferumbras», 53, 88, etc.
APPOLYN, one of the Mahometan deities. See note to l. 86.
ARABYE, l. 3097. Cf. «Destr.» 75; «Fierabras», 3160, 4096.
ASCALON. Laban’s birthplace, l. 100, and subject to him. This name
does not occur in any other version.
ASCAROT, l. 2762, a Mahometan god. Occurring in none of the other
versions.
ASCOPARS, see note to l. 495.
ASKALOUS, l. 497.
ASSAYNES, l. 497.
ASSIENS, ll. 1039, 2085. In this poem only the last three nations are
mentioned as being included among Laban’s subjects.
ASSYE, l. 102, 123, 1000. See note to l. 1000.
ASTRAGOT, «or» ESTRAGOT, a Saracen giant who kills Sabaris, ll. 346,
352. He is slain by the portcullis let down by the Romans, l. 432. He
was husband to Barrock, the giantess of the bridge of Mantrible, ll.
2944, 3022. Cf. «Destr.» 1090. Not in «Fierabras» nor in the Ashmolean
version. See note to l. 346.
AUFRIKE, ll. 102, 114. Aufricanes, l. 257, part of the soudan’s
dominions. Cf. «Syr Ferumbras», l. 5465, «Destr.» 76, «Fierabras»,
4913.
BABILON, see note to l. 69; cf. «Destr.» 78, 204, 85; «Fierabras», 51;
«Syr Fer.» 53.
BALDESEYNES, 501, 871. Occurring in no other version; cf. besides
Martin’s note to Kudrun, 161, 2, and perhaps «Fierabras», 2873, 4721
Balegué = Balaguer (Ballegarium, Valaguaria) near Lerida in Spain.
BARBARYE, l. 1001, mentioned only in this poem.
BARROK, ll. 2939, 2950, 3022, a giantess, wife to Astragot, slain by
Charles. See note to l. 2939.
BELMORE, does not occur in the other versions; see note to l. 3122.
BELSABUB, l. 357, occurs only in this poem.
BERNARD OF SPRUWSE (? Prussia); 1715, one of the twelve knights. See
«Introduction», p. xxvii.
BOLOYNE, 3238. Charles presents the nails to that place. See note to
l. 3236, and cf. «Fierabras», l. 6199.
BRETOMAYN, Laban’s gaoler at Agremor, ll. 1533, 1591, slain by
Floripas, l. 1606. This name is spelt ‘Brutamont’ in «Fierabras»,
‘Brytamoun’ in «Syr Ferumbras». It is not to be met with in the
«Destruction».
BROULAND, chief counsellor to Laban. See note on l. 1743.
BRYER OF BRYTAYN,—of Mountez; see note to l. 1723.
BRYER OF POYLE, a Roman knight, slain by Ferumbras; see note to l. 514.
BULGARE, l. 1002. Occurring in no other poem.
CASSAUNDRE, ll. 986, 512, town belonging to Lukafer. This name is not
found in the other versions.
CHARLES, Charlemayne, the French king.
CHAUNDER, l. 123, a town in Asia; only mentioned here. See note to l.
1000.
COSDROYE escorts a convoy destined for the soudan; he is slain by
Roland; cf. note to l. 2695.
CRAMADAS, a Saracen bishop, ll. 2775, 2788. Not found in the other
versions.
CURRAUNTES, the bridge near Mantrible, l. 2866. This name occurs only
in this poem.
DASABERDE, l. 1707, (?) mentioned only here.
DENYS, ll. 27, 61, etc. Occurring in all versions.
DURNEDALE, Roland’s sword; see note to l. 875.
ESPIARD, l. 111, Laban’s messenger; cf. note to l. 2145.
ETHIOPES, subject to Laban. See note to l. 257.
EUROPE, l. 1002. Mentioned only in this poem.
FERUMBRAS, see note to l. 93.
FLAGOT, the river on which the city of Mantrible with its famous
bridge is situated, cf. ll. 2559, 2798, 2855, etc., and «Fierabras»,
ll. 7348, 4886, etc. When the twelve peers besieged in Agremar send
Richard of Normandy to Charlemagne to ask his aid, Richard is said to
have started in the direction of Mantrible, l. 2559; but finding the
bridge blocked up and guarded, l. 2799, he is obliged to swim across
the water, ‘Flagot the flode,’ l. 2804. Charlemagne being informed
of the distress of his peers, starts towards Mantrible, l. 2849, and
having first taken it and left Richard there with two hundred knights,
l. 3044, he continues his march against the soudan at Agremar, l.
3047. Whence it is clear that Agremar cannot be situated on the
river Flagot, as is stated in l. 34; a mistake evidently owing to an
oversight on the part of the poet. Cf. besides, note to l. 1723.
FLOREYN OF ROME, name given to Ferumbras after his baptism; see note
to l. 1486.
FLORIP, Florypas; see note to l. 614. In the Ashmolean versions we
find «Floryppe», a spelling which does not occur in any of the French
poems. But once we find «Floripes» in «Fierabras», l. 2035.
FOCARD, l. 2900, one of the Christian knights who struck at the
bridge-keeper of Mantrible when he refused to let them pass. The name
occurs only in this poem.
FOLK BALIANT, l. 1695, one of the twelve peers. Only found in this
poem.
FORTIBRAUNCE, l. 422, one of the soudan’s engineers. Only occurring in
this poem.
FRAUNCE. Charles is called king of dowse Fraunce, cf. «Fierabras»,
2103; «Syr Ferumbras», 1269. This phrase does not occur in the
«Destruction».
FREMOUNDE, a saint; see note to l. 2845.
FRIGE, l. 1000; Frigys, l. 1040. Part of the soudan’s dominions, not
mentioned in the other versions.
GALLOPES, l. 251, mentioned only in this poem.
GAȜE, a town in Spain, where Charlemagne lands his troops. The name is
found only in this poem (in rhyme), l. 772.
GENELYN, a French knight, notorious for his treachery. He advised
Charles to leave Spain and to return home, urging that the twelve
peers must be dead at Agremor, since no news arrived from them, l.
2820. When in assaulting Mantrible he saw Charles shut in in the city,
he treacherously proclaimed the king to be dead, and ordered the
French to return to France, where he hoped to be crowned king. But he
was rebuked by Ferumbras (ll. 2970–2991). For his treason he is hanged
and drawn at Montfaucon in Paris (ll. 3244–3254).
GENERYSE, ll. 1139, 1239, is the name Oliver gives himself when asked
by Ferumbras. The French «Fierabras» and the Ashmole «Ferumbras» have
Garin instead.
GY OF BOURGOYNE, see note to ll. 1888, 1892.
GYNDARD, l. 543, a Roman senator who kills ten Saracens. He is slain
by Lukafer. Occurring only in this poem.
HUBERT, l. 518, a Roman knight, slain by Ferumbras. Not mentioned in
the other versions.
IFFREZ, a Roman senator who advises to send to Charles for help. See
note to l. 165.
INDE, l. 999. Not mentioned in the other poems. Cf. note to l. 999.
ISRES, 625, 641, the chief porter of Rome, who treacherously delivers
the keys to the Saracens. See note to l. 625.
JUBYTER, ll. 2254, 2762, a Saracen god, mentioned only in this poem.
LABAN, see note to l. 29.
LOWES, occurring in the «Sowdan» and the «Destruction», but not
mentioned in the other versions. See note to l. 24.
LUKAFER OF BALDAS, see note to l. 113. Once, l. 236, this name is
spelt Lukefere.
MACEDOYNE, l. 1002. Occurring only in this poem.
MAHOUND, see note to l. 86.
MAPYN, l. 2326, introduces himself into the bed-chamber of Floripas
to steal the fatal girdle. In the French poem, l. 3046, he is called
Maubrun d’Agremolée; in the Ashmolean version Maubyn of Egremolee, l.
2385. Cf. «Introduction», pp. xx, xxx, xxxi.
MARAGONDE, the name of Floripas’s governess, l. 1563. Spelt Morabunde
in the French poem. See «Introduction», pp. xxx, xxxi.
MARIE, ll. 917, 2390; cf. «Destr.» ll. 374, 564; «Fierabras», ll. 285,
815; «Syr Ferumbras», ll. 5177, 5451.
MARSEDAG, king of Barbarye, occurs only in this poem. See note to l.
2247.
MAUNTRIBLE, a town in Spain on the river Flagot (see above) with a
bridge; cf. also «Destr.» 211, and «Fierabras», 1867, etc.
MAVON, ll. 278, 422, 2230, Laban’s engineer; spelt Mabon in the
«Destr.» ll. 908, 941, and in «Fierabras», l. 3735. The name does not
occur in the Ashmole MS.
MIRON OF BRABANE, one of the twelve peers, occurring only in this
poem, l. 1703.
MONTFAWCON, l. 3253. Not found in the other versions.
MOUNPELERS, after having conquered the soudan, Charlemagne sails
from Spain to Mounpeler, l. 3228. The name does not occur in the
«Fierabras», where the king returns to France in an eight days’
journey (ll. 6164–6187). Cf. «Destr.» ll. 250, 286.
MOWNJOYE, see note to l. 868, and cf. the «Song of Roland», 128/746.
NEYMES OF BAVERE, one of the twelve peers, see note to l. 836.
NUBENS, l. 873, NUBYE, l. 1001, a people subject to the soudan.
OGER DANOYS, one of the twelve peers, see note to l. 836.
OLIBORN, l. 99, the soudan’s chancellor; only found in this poem.
OLYVER, one of the twelve peers; see note to l. 1250.
PARIS, l. 917; see note to l. 3254.
PERSAGYN, a king of Italy, and uncle to Ferumbras, slain by Oliver, l.
1259. In the «Destr.» l. 162, we find one Parsagon mentioned among the
peers of the soudan’s empire. See note to l. 1259.
PERSE, l. 2888, cf. «Destr.» ll. 77, 421. «Fierabras», 1640, 1713.
SEINT PETER, ll. 161, 480, etc., the saint; cf. «Fierabras», l. 1261;
«Syr Ferumbras», l. 3756; «Destr.» l. 501.
CEINT PETER, l. 453, the cathedral; cf. «Fierabras», l. 57; «Destr.»
l. 1109.
SEINT POUL, ll. 163, 3269, the saint; cf. «Syr Ferumbras», l. 3756;
not mentioned in the other poems.
POYLE, l. 514,? Apulia; found only in this poem; cf. note to l. 1000.
QWYNTYN, l. 1298, a saint by whom Ferumbras swears; see note to l.
2845.
RICHARD OF NORMANDY, see notes to ll. 2535, 2795, 3044.
ROMAYNE, l. 77, inhabitant of Rome.
ROME, l. 17.
ROULAND, see note to ll. 1499, 1888.
SATHANAS, l. 2777, a Saracen god.
SAVARIS, l. 171, a duke of Rome who leads the Roman troops against
the Saracens. He is slain by Estragot (l. 346). He also occurs in the
«Destr. de Rome». In the French «Fierabras» appears a French knight
Savaris, l. 1699.
SORTYBRAUNCE, the chief councillor of the soudan.
SPAYN, l. 717, belonging to the soudan’s dominions. It is the scene of
the principal action narrated in this poem, as indeed the only part
where the scene is laid elsewhere is that describing the destruction
of Rome.
SYMON, a saint by whom Charles swears, l. 1713.
TAMPER, a name peculiar to this poem. He erects a gallows before
Agremore castle to hang Guy, l. 2641.
TERMAGANT, l. 137, a Saracen deity; cf. note to l. 86. Spelt Ternagant
in «Syr Ferumbras», Tervagant in the French «Fierabras».
TERY LARDENEYS, one of the twelve peers; see note to l. 1691.
TURKES, l. 874, cf. «Fierabras», 128, 1641, 3767. «Syr Ferumbras»,
5433, 5677.
TURPYN, the French bishop who baptizes Ferumbras, l. 1475. This name
does not occur in the Ashmole MS.
VENYS, subject to Laban; see note to l. 1000. Mentioned only in this
poem.
RICHARD CLAY & SONS, LIMITED, LONDON & BUNGAY.
TRANSCRIBER’S ENDNOTE
Original printed spelling and grammar has been retained, with some
exceptions noted below. Original italics «look like this». The middle
English characters “ȝ”, “Þ”, “ð”, and “þ” were originally printed
always without italic form, but in this edition have been rendered as
italic wherever that seems appropriate, as in this sentence from page
xxxvii: “«That» or «þat», «who», «whome» are used as relative pronouns”.
Some characters of the printed book cannot be shown in this edition
except in a coded form. Thus, “[^æ]” indicates æ with circumflex;
“[rh]” denotes an r with hook on the upper right; “[f|]” denotes an f
with vertical bar on the right; “[g|]” denotes a g with vertical bar
on the right; “[d+]” denotes a d with an l-shape attached to the stem;
“[l~l]” denotes ll with a tilde through them; “[t|]” denotes t with a
vertical bar attached to the right; “[k|]” denotes k with a vertical
bar attached to the right; “þ^e” denotes þ with superscript e; “M^l”
denotes M with superscript l. Two unicode characters, "ɳ" & "ᶙ", have
been substituted for letters n and u, respectively, with hooks.
The poem «The Romounce of the Sowdone», beginning on page 1, has
sidenotes which contain a running synopsis of the play in modern
English. In the printed book, these notes were broken into segments
which were positioned so as to correspond more or less accurately to
the lines of the play. For this edition, the synopsis notes have been
rewrapped to fit within an allotted space, but are still aligned more
or less accurately with the lines of the play. The sidenotes also
contain page references to the original manuscript from which the play
was transcribed, for example “[leaf 3]”. These have been kept aligned
with the correct line of the poem, in this case, line 80.
Page vi: «Pantragruel» changed to «Pantagruel».
Page xxv: “346, 4902, the name of the giant” is changed to “346, 2944,
3022, the name of the giant”. This error occurs also in the Index of
Names, see below.
Page xlvii: A new heading has been inserted—“MS. OF THE SOWDAN”—to
match the table of contents. The original text showed only a horizontal
rule here.
Page 2: “amirals” changed to “admirals”, in the sidenote.
Page 9, l. 289: the left quotation mark has no mate in the printed
book. A right double quotation mark has been inserted at the end of l.
291.
Page 10, l. 313: the left quotation mark has no mate in the printed
book. A right double quotation mark has been inserted at the end of l.
323.
Page 23, l. 755: the left quotation mark has no mate in the printed
book. A right double quotation mark has been inserted at the end of l.
766.
Page 27, l. 895: the left quotation mark has no mate in the printed
book. A right double quotation mark has been inserted at the end of l.
910.
Page 31, l. 1059: the left quotation mark has no mate in the printed
book. A right double quotation mark has been inserted at the end of l.
1074.
Page 36: In sidenote “They fight for a considerable time the blood”,
added semicolon between «time» and «blood».
Page 46: In the sidenotes, full stop was added after “dashed out
his brains”, and “feeding he prisoners” was changed to “feeding the
prisoners”.
Page 47: The first footnote had no label number; a number has been
inserted to correspond to the footnote anchor on line 1615.
Page 57, second footnote: the word “iuste” was printed with a small
“o” above the “iu”, suggesting “iouste”, which is adopted in this
transcription.
Page 59, l. 2063: the left quotation mark was unmatched. A new right
double quotation mark is inserted at the end of l. 2066, after
‘there-ate.’.
Page 64, l. 2243: the left quotation mark before ‘beitħ’ was unmatched;
a new right quotation mark is inserted at the end of line 2246.
Page 66, l. 2307: the left quotation mark ahead of ‘my loue’ was
unmatched. A new right quotation mark is inserted at the end of l. 2310.
Page 68, l. 2380: the left quotation mark seems to be unmatched in the
printed text. A new matching right quotation mark is inserted at the
end of line 2390.
Page 69: There were two footnote anchors, but only one footnote. Very
likely, although the footnote anchors are independent, the footnote
text “See the note.” applying equally to both. In this edition, a
second footnote has been inserted to correspond to the second footnote
anchor.
Page 87, l. 3021: Poem says “xiiij”; sidenote says “4”; both retained.
Page 96, under “p. 2, l. 26. «bokes of antiquyte».” The printed
text provides a reference to Gautier, «Epop. Fr.», II. 87, which is
retained herein. However, a member of the Distributed Proofreaders team
has pointed out that the reference should have been to «Les épopées
françaises. Étude sur les origines et l’histoire de la littérature
nationale», I. 87 (1865). This book is available from archive.org,
filename “lespopesfran01gautuoft”.
Page 99: in “p. 8, l. 84. «tithynge.»”, changed “8,” to “3,”.
Page 113: “p. 35, l. 1060” changed to “p. 31, l. 1060”.
Page 120: “p. 44, l. 1538” changed to “p. 44, l. 1539”.
Page 121: In the line “Sire drois emperere, pour amour Dieu. oiés”, the
full stop after Dieu was changed to comma, in agreement with the text
available at archive.org filed under “fierabraschanso00servgoog”.
Page 123: The range of line numbers in “«Destruction», ll. 1240–159”
does not seem to make sense, but is retained. The line ‘“Ja mais ne
mengerai si sera desmembrés.’’ was changed to ‘“Ja mais ne mengerai si
sera desmembrés.”’.
Page 125: In “p. 59, l. 2045. «that he wente awaye with lym» = “that
he had escaped with (his limbs, or having) his limbs safe and sound.
«lyme», O.E. «lim»., Mod. Eng. «limb».”, a right double quotation mark
was inserted after ‘sound.’, and “«lim».,” was changed to “«lim»,”.
Glossary, “nather, 36/1232”. Line 1232 spells it “nathir”; both forms
are retained.
Glossary, “then, 46/1593”. Line 1593 spells it “then̄”; both forms are
retained.
Index of Names, “Astrogot, or Estragot”. The printed references “ll.
3944, 4902” are changed to “ll. 2944, 3022”.