[Speech of Henry M. Stanley at a dinner given in his honor by the
Lotos Club, New York City, November 27, 1886. Whitelaw Reid,
President of the Lotos Club, in welcoming Mr. Stanley, said: "Well,
gentlemen, your alarm of yesterday and last night was needless. The
Atlantic Ocean would not break even a dinner engagement for the man
whom the terrors of the Congo and the Nile could not turn back, and
your guest is here. [Applause.] It is fourteen years since you last
gave him welcome. Then he came to you fresh from the discovery of
Livingstone. The credulity which even doubted the records of that
adventurous march or the reality of his brilliant result had hardly
died out. Our young correspondent, after seeing the war end here
without his having a fair chance to win his spurs, had suddenly
made a wonderful hit out of the expedition which nobody had really
believed in and most people had laughed at. We were proud of him,
and right glad to see him, and a little bit uneasy, but vastly
amused over his peppery dealings with the Royal Geographers.
[Laughter.] In spite of our admiration for his pluck and his luck
we did not take him quite seriously. [Laughter.] In fact we did not
take anything very seriously in those days. The Lotos Club at first
was younger in that hearty enthusiastic reception to Stanley
fourteen years ago in that gay little clubhouse next to the Academy
of Music; we were thinking far more of a hearty greeting to the
comrade of the quill who had been having a hard time but had scored
'a big beat' [laughter] than of adequate recognition to the man
already well launched on a career that ranks him among the foremost
explorers of the century. [Loud cheers.] It is the character in
which you must welcome him now. The Royal Geographical Society has
no further doubt as to the credit to which he is entitled. He
brings its diploma of honorary membership ["Hear! Hear!"], he bears
the gold medal of Victor Emmanuel, the decorations of the Khedive,
the commission of the King of the Belgians. More than any of them
he cherishes another distinction--what American would not prize
it?--the vote of thanks of the Legislature and the recognition of
his work by our Government. The young war-correspondent has led
expeditions of his own--the man who set out merely to find
Livingstone, has himself done a work greater than Livingstone's.
[Applause.] He has explored Equatorial Africa, penetrated the Dark
Continent from side to side, mapped the Nile, and founded the Free
State on the Congo.' [Applause.] All honor to our returning guest!
The years have left their marks upon his frame and their honors
upon his name. Let us make him forget the fevers that have parched
him, the wild beasts and the more savage men that have pursued him.
["Hear! Hear!"] He is once more among the friends of his youth, in
the land of his adoption. Let us make him feel at home. [Applause.]
I give you the health of our friend and comrade."]
MR. CHAIRMAN AND GENTLEMEN OF THE LOTOS CLUB: One might start a
great many principles and ideas which would require to be illustrated
and drawn out in order to present a picture of my feelings at the
present moment. I am conscious that in my immediate vicinity there are
people who were great when I was little. I remember very well when I was
unknown to anybody, how I was sent to report a lecture by my friend
right opposite, Mr. George Alfred Townsend, and I remember the manner in
which he said: "Galileo said: 'The world moves round,' and the world
does move round," upon the platform of the Mercantile Hall in St.
Louis--one of the grandest things out. [Laughter and applause.] The next
great occasion that I had to come before the public was Mark Twain's
lecture on the Sandwich Islands, which I was sent to report. And when I
look to my left here I see Colonel Anderson, whose very face gives me an
idea that Bennett has got some telegraphic despatch and is just about to
send me to some terrible region for some desperate commission.
[Laughter.]
And, of course, you are aware that it was owing to the proprietor and
editor of a newspaper that I dropped the pacific garb of a journalist
and donned the costume of an African traveller. It was not for me, one
of the least in the newspaper corps, to question the newspaper
proprietor's motives. He was an able editor, very rich, desperately
despotic. [Laughter.] He commanded a great army of roving writers,
people of fame in the news-gathering world; men who had been everywhere
and had seen everything from the bottom of the Atlantic to the top of
the very highest mountain; men who were as ready to give their advice to
National Cabinets [laughter] as they were ready to give it to the
smallest police courts in the United States. [Laughter.] I belonged to
this class of roving writers, and I can truly say that I did my best to
be conspicuously great in it, by an untiring devotion to my duties, an
untiring indefatigability, as though the ordinary rotation of the
universe depended upon my single endeavors. [Laughter.] If, as some of
you suspect, the enterprise of the able editor was only inspired with a
view to obtain the largest circulation, my unyielding and guiding
motive, if I remember rightly, was to win his favor by doing with all my
might that duty to which according to the English State Church
Catechism, "it had pleased God to call me." [Laughter and applause.]
He first despatched me to Abyssinia--straight from Missouri to
Abyssinia! What a stride, gentlemen! [Laughter.] People who lived west
of the Missouri River have scarcely, I think, much knowledge of
Abyssinia, and there are gentlemen here who can vouch for me in that,
but it seemed to Mr. Bennett a very ordinary thing, and it seemed to his
agent in London a very ordinary thing indeed, so I of course followed
suit. I took it as a very ordinary thing, and I went to Abyssinia, and
somehow or other good-luck followed me and my telegrams reporting the
fall of Magdala happened to be a week ahead of the British Government's.
The people said I had done right well, though the London papers said I
was an impostor. [Laughter.]
The second thing I was aware of was that I was ordered to Crete to run
the blockade, describe the Cretan rebellion from the Cretan side, and
from the Turkish side; and then I was sent to Spain to report from the
Republican side and from the Carlist side, perfectly dispassionately.
[Laughter.] And then, all of a sudden, I was sent for to come to Paris.
Then Mr. Bennett, in that despotic way of his, said: "I want you to go
and find Livingstone." As I tell you, I was a mere newspaper reporter. I
dared not confess my soul as my own. Mr. Bennett merely said: "Go," and
I went. He gave me a glass of champagne and I think that was superb.
[Laughter.] I confessed my duty to him, and I went. And as good-luck
would have it, I found Livingstone. [Loud and continued cheering.] I
returned as a good citizen ought and as a good reporter ought and as a
good correspondent ought, to tell the tale, and arriving at Aden, I
telegraphed a request that I might be permitted to visit civilization
before I went to China. [Laughter.] I came to civilization, and what do
you think was the result? Why, only to find that all the world
disbelieved my story. [Laughter.] Dear me! If I were proud of anything,
it was that what I said was a fact ["Good!"]; that whatever I said I
would do, I would endeavor to do with all my might, or, as many a good
man had done before, as my predecessors had done, to lay my bones
behind. That's all. [Loud cheering.] I was requested in an off-hand
manner--just as any member of the Lotos Club here present would
say--"Would you mind giving us a little résumé of your geographical
work?" I said: "Not in the least, my dear sir; I have not the slightest
objection." And do you know that to make it perfectly geographical and
not in the least sensational, I took particular pains and I wrote a
paper out, and when it was printed, it was just about so long
[indicating an inch]. It contained about a hundred polysyllabic African
words. [Laughter.] And yet "for a' that and a' that" the pundits of the
Geographical Society--Brighton Association--said that they hadn't come
to listen to any sensational stories, but that they had come to listen
to facts. [Laughter.] Well now, a little gentleman, very reverend, full
of years and honors, learned in Cufic inscriptions and cuneiform
characters, wrote to "The Times" stating that it was not Stanley who had
discovered Livingstone but that it was Livingstone who had discovered
Stanley. [Laughter.]
If it had not been for that unbelief, I don't believe I should ever have
visited Africa again; I should have become, or I should have endeavored
to become, with Mr. Reid's permission, a conservative member of the
Lotos Club. [Laughter.] I should have settled down and become as steady
and as stolid as some of these patriots that you have around here, I
should have said nothing offensive. I should have done some "treating."
I should have offered a few cigars and on Saturday night, perhaps, I
would have opened a bottle of champagne and distributed it among my
friends. But that was not to be. I left New York for Spain and then the
Ashantee War broke out and once more my good-luck followed me and I got
the treaty of peace ahead of everybody else, and as I was coming to
England from the Ashantee War a telegraphic despatch was put into my
hands at the Island of St. Vincent, saying that Livingstone was dead. I
said: "What does that mean to me? New Yorkers don't believe in me. How
was I to prove that what I have said is true? By George! I will go and
complete Livingstone's work. I will prove that the discovery of
Livingstone was a mere fleabite. I will prove to them that I am a good
man and true." That is all that I wanted. [Loud cheers.]
I accompanied Livingstone's remains to Westminster Abbey. I saw those
remains buried which I had left sixteen months before enjoying full life
and abundant hope. The "Daily Telegraph's" proprietor cabled over to
Bennett: "Will you join us in sending Stanley over to complete
Livingstone's explorations?" Bennett received the telegram in New York,
read it, pondered a moment, snatched a blank and wrote: "Yes. Bennett."
That was my commission, and I set out to Africa intending to complete
Livingstone's explorations, also to settle the Nile problem, as to where
the head-waters of the Nile were, as to whether Lake Victoria consisted
of one lake, one body of water, or a number of shallow lakes; to throw
some light on Sir Samuel Baker's Albert Nyanza, and also to discover the
outlet of Lake Tanganyika, and then to find out what strange, mysterious
river this was which had lured Livingstone on to his death--whether it
was the Nile, the Niger, or the Congo. Edwin Arnold, the author of "The
Light of Asia," said: "Do you think you can do all this?" "Don't ask me
such a conundrum as that. Put down the funds and tell me to go. That is
all." ["Hear! Hear!"] And he induced Lawson, the proprietor, to consent.
The funds were put down, and I went.
First of all, we settled the problem of the Victoria that it was one
body of water, that instead of being a cluster of shallow lakes or
marshes, it was one body of water, 21,500 square miles in extent. While
endeavoring to throw light upon Sir Samuel Baker's Albert Nyanza, we
discovered a new lake, a much superior lake to Albert Nyanza--the dead
Locust Lake--and at the same time Gordon Pasha sent his lieutenant to
discover and circumnavigate the Albert Nyanza and he found it to be only
a miserable 140 miles, because Baker, in a fit of enthusiasm had stood
on the brow of a high plateau and looking down on the dark blue waters
of Albert Nyanza, cried romantically: "I see it extending indefinitely
toward the southwest!" Indefinitely is not a geographical expression,
gentlemen. [Laughter.] We found that there was no outlet to the
Tanganyika, although it was a sweet-water lake; we, settling that
problem, day after day as we glided down the strange river that had
lured Livingstone to his death, we were in as much doubt as Livingstone
had been, when he wrote his last letter and said: "I will never be made
black man's meat for anything less than the classic Nile."
After travelling 400 miles we came to the Stanley Falls, and beyond
them, we saw the river deflect from its Nileward course toward the
Northwest. Then it turned west, and then visions of towers and towns and
strange tribes and strange nations broke upon our imagination, and we
wondered what we were going to see, when the river suddenly took a
decided turn toward the southwest and our dreams were put an end to. We
saw then that it was aiming directly for the Congo, and when we had
propitiated some natives whom we encountered, by showing them crimson
beads and polished wire, that had been polished for the occasion, we
said: "This is for your answer. What river is this?" "Why, it is _the_
river, of course." That was not an answer, and it required some
persuasion before the chief, bit by bit digging into his brain, managed
to roll out sonorously that, "It is the Ko-to-yah Congo." "It is the
river of Congo-land." Alas for our classic dreams! Alas for Crophi and
Mophi, the fabled fountains of Herodotus! Alas for the banks of the
river where Moses was found by the daughter of Pharaoh! This is the
parvenu Congo! Then we glided on and on past strange nations and
cannibals--not past those nations which have their heads under their
arms--for 1,100 miles, until we arrived at the circular extension of the
river and my last remaining companion called it the Stanley Pool, and
then five months after that our journey ended.
After that I had a very good mind to come back to America, and say, like
the Queen of Uganda: "There, what did I tell you?" But you know, the
fates would not permit me to come over in 1878. The very day I landed in
Europe the King of Italy gave me an express train to convey me to
France, and the very moment I descended from it at Marseilles there
were three ambassadors from the King of the Belgians asked me to go back
to Africa. "What! go back to Africa? Never! [Laughter.] I have come for
civilization; I have come for enjoyment. I have come for love, for life,
for pleasure. Not I. Go and ask some of those people you know who have
never been to Africa before. I have had enough of it." "Well, perhaps,
by and by?" "Ah, I don't know what will happen by and by, but, just now,
never! never! Not for Rothschild's wealth!" [Laughter and applause.]
I was received by the Paris Geographical Society, and it was then I
began to feel "Well, after all, I have done something, haven't I?" I
felt superb [laughter], but you know I have always considered myself a
Republican. I have those bullet-riddled flags, and those arrow-torn
flags, the Stars and Stripes that I carried in Africa, for the discovery
of Livingstone, and that crossed Africa, and I venerate those old flags.
I have them in London now, jealously guarded in the secret recesses of
my cabinet. I only allow my very best friends to look at them, and if
any of you gentlemen ever happen in at my quarters, I will show them to
you. [Applause.]
After I had written my book, "Through the Dark Continent," I began to
lecture, using these words: "I have passed through a land watered by the
largest river of the African continent, and that land knows no owner. A
word to the wise is sufficient. You have cloths and hardware and
glassware and gunpowder and these millions of natives have ivory and
gums and rubber and dye-stuffs, and in barter there is good profit."
[Laughter.]
The King of the Belgians commissioned me to go to that country. My
expedition when we started from the coast numbered 300 colored people
and fourteen Europeans. We returned with 3,000 trained black men and 300
Europeans. The first sum allowed me was $50,000 a year, but it has ended
at something like $700,000 a year. Thus, you see, the progress of
civilization. We found the Congo, having only canoes. To-day there are
eight steamers. It was said at first that King Leopold was a dreamer. He
dreamed he could unite the barbarians of Africa into a confederacy and
called it the Free State, but on February 25, 1885, the Powers of
Europe and America also ratified an act, recognizing the territories
acquired by us to be the free and independent State of the Congo.
Perhaps when the members of the Lotos Club have reflected a little more
upon the value of what Livingstone and Leopold have been doing, they
will also agree that these men have done their duty in this world and in
the age that they lived, and that their labor has not been in vain on
account of the great sacrifices they have made to the benighted millions
of dark Africa. [Loud and enthusiastic applause.]