BARRY ATTACKS THE BRITISH SUPPLY SHIPS BELOW PHILADELPHIA--CAPTURES
THREE--SENDS SUPPLIES TO WASHINGTON AT VALLEY FORGE--THANKS OF
WASHINGTON--WAS BARRY OFFERED A BRITISH COMMAND?
The expedition assigned to Captain Barry which he came near being
deprived of by Congress was a cruise in the Delaware River. The Marine
Committee, not being directed not to employ Barry, on January 29, 1778,
directed him to fit out the pinnace and barges belonging to the frigates
for "a cruise in said river under your command." He was empowered to
"receive stores and employ such Continental Navy officers and call the
number of men necessary for officering, manning, victualing and
equipping the boats." He was directed to have frequent occasion to land
on each side of the Delaware and to restrain his men from plundering or
insulting the inhabitants. The Navy Board was directed to supply
"everything necessary for your little fleet" and money to procure
supplies. He was directed to inform General Washington of such stores as
he might capture which are necessary for the use of the army. He was to
sink or destroy the vessels which he could not remove to safety. His
"despatch, activity, prudence and valor," were relied on to bring
success. If Barry's project to destroy British shipping by explosive
machines did not succeed, another form of endeavor dependent more upon
skill and bravery would accomplish results as satisfactory as had been
hoped for by the floating "score of kegs or more that came floating down
the tide."
The Supreme Executive Committee of Pennsylvania, then at Lancaster, on
February 7, 1778, notified the Navy Board, then at Burlington, New
Jersey, that "a spirit of enterprise to annoy the enemy in the river
below Philadelphia had discovered itself in Captain Barry and other
officers of the Continental Navy, which promised considerable advantage
to the adventurous as well as to the public."
The Council had waited to find Captain Barry's example inducing the
officers and men of the State fleet to engage in the enterprise--of
taking all they could get from the enemy, so that any benefit arising
from the plan should accrue to those who signalized themselves in the
time of danger. So Captain Barry during the night, with four rowboats
with twenty-seven men, started from Burlington and succeeded in passing
Philadelphia undiscovered and so unmolested by the British. Barry was
acting under orders of General Anthony Wayne, a fellow-member of the
FRIENDLY SONS OF ST. PATRICK, who sent a detachment from Washington's
army to aid in the enterprise. After passing Philadelphia, Barry began
the destructive work of destroying forage. On February 26, 1778, he
arrived off Port Penn and from there, that day, wrote General Washington
at Valley Forge that he had "destroyed the forage from Mantua Creek to
this place," amounting to four hundred tons. He would have proceeded
further but "a number of the enemy's boats appeared and lined the Jersey
shore, depriving us of the opportunity of proceeding on the same
purpose." Barry discharged all but four of Washington's men, whom he
kept to assist in getting the boats away, as his men were rendered
incapable through fatigue.
On March 7, 1778, off Bombay Hook, Barry with twenty-seven men in five
rowboats captured the "Mermaid" and the "Kitty," transports from Rhode
Island, laden with supplies for the British. He stripped the vessels and
sent the supplies northward through New Jersey and burned the vessels.
The "Alert," a British schooner with eight four-pounders, twelve
four-pound howitzers and thirty-three men properly equipped for an armed
vessel, came in sight while Barry was engaged in the encounter with the
supply vessels. Barry sent a flag to Captain Morse, of the "Alert,"
demanding a surrender, promising that the officers would be allowed
their private baggage, whereupon the "Alert" was "delivered up" to
Captain Barry, who granted parole to the Captain to go to Philadelphia
for a fortnight. "The schooner is a most excellent vessel for our
purpose," wrote Captain Barry to General Washington two days later, when
sending him a "cheese and a jar of pickled oysters" from the store of
wines and luxuries intended for General Howe's table. He also sent a
plan of New York "which may be of service," which he had taken on the
"Alert."
Though a fleet of the enemy's small vessels were in sight, "I am
determined," wrote Barry, "to hold the 'Alert' at all events;" that as a
number of ships with very little convoy were expected Barry declared
that with about forty more men he could give a very good account of
them. The next day, March 8, 1778, he reported to the Marine Committee
the success of the expedition. On the 11th the Committee congratulated
the "gallant commander, brave officers and men concerned in it
throughout the whole cruise." He was informed that the "Alert" would be
purchased for a cruiser, her name changed to the "Wasp," of which he was
to take command or bestow it on some brave, active and prudent officer
on a cruise on the coast and off Cape Henlopen, so as "to descry the
enemies' vessels coming and going." Barry's "well-known bravery and good
conduct" were commended. The British "frigates and small armed vessels,"
however, attacked Barry. After a long and severe engagement he was
obliged to ground and abandon the 'Alert,' though he saved her guns and
most of her tackle, so Washington reported to Congress on March 12th.
That day Washington wrote to Barry:
"I have received your favor of the 9th inst. and congratulate you on the
success that has crowned your gallantry and address in the late attacks
on the enemy's ships. Although circumstances have prevented you from
reaping the full benefit of your conquests, yet there is ample
consolation in the degree of glory which you have acquired.
"May a suitable recompense always attend your bravery."
Alexander Hamilton, writing to Governor Clinton, of New York, from
Washington's Headquarters, Valley Forge, March 12, 1778, said: "We have
nothing new in camp save that Captain Barry has destroyed, with a few
gunboats, two large ships belonging to the enemy, laden with forage from
Rhode Island. He also took an armed schooner which he has since been
obliged to run ashore after a gallant defense. 'Tis said he has saved
her cannon and stores--among the ordnance four brass howitzers."
Barry with twenty-seven men had captured one major, two captains, three
lieutenants, ten soldiers and one hundred seamen and marines--one
hundred and sixteen taken by twenty-seven. He captured also many letters
and official papers relating to the Hessians in British service, as well
as the Order of _Lion d'Or_ for General Knyphausen. This was sent the
Hessian general. Barry's success won the admiration of friend and foe.
It was at this time Sir William Howe is said to have offered Captain
Barry twenty thousand guineas and the command of a British frigate if he
would desert the service of the United Colonies. The alleged answer of
Barry is stated to have been: "Not the value and command of the whole
British fleet can seduce me from the cause of my country."
Any such offer, if made, would more probably have been made by Lord
Howe, Commander of the British fleet, brother to General Howe, Commander
of the Army. It is of record that he sent Commodore Hazlewood, of the
Pennsylvania Navy, a summons to surrender, to which reply was made that
he "would not surrender but defend to the last." A like summons to
Barry, Commander of the Continental Navy, doubtless received a similar
reply, but there is no known evidence or authoritative record that Barry
was tempted to desert his country.
[Illustration: WASHINGTON GIVING COMMISSION TO BARRY]