"Thou coverest the earth with the deep sea as with a garment."--PSALM
civ. 6.
When we look at a map of the world, one of the first things that strikes
us as curious is, how little dry land there is, and how much sea. More
than half the world covered with deep, wild, raging, waste salt water! It
seems very strange. Of what use to man can all that sea be? And yet the
Scripture says that the whole earth has God given to the children of men.
And therefore He has given to us the sea which is part of the earth. But
of what use is the sea to us?
We are ready to say at first sight, "How much better if the world had
been all dry land? There would have been so much more space for men to
spread on--so much more land to grow corn on. What is the use of all
that sea?" But when we look into the matter, we shall find, that every
word of God stands true, in every jot and tittle of it--that we ought to
thank God for the sea as much as for the land--that David spoke truly
when he said, in this Psalm civ., that the great and wide sea also is
full of God's riches.
For in the first place--What should we do without water? Not only to
drink, but to feed all trees, and crops which grow. Those who live in a
dry parish know well the need of water for the crops. In fact, strange
as it may seem, out of water is made wood. You know, perhaps, that
plants are made out of the salts in the soil--but not only out of
salts--they are made also out of water. Every leaf and flower is made up
only of those two things--salts from the soil, and water from the sky.
Most wonderful! But so it is. Water is made up of several very
different things. The leaves and flowers, when they drink up water, keep
certain parts of water, and turn them into wood; and the part of the
water which _they_ do not want, is just the part which _we_ do want,
namely, fresh air, for water is full of fresh air. And therefore the
plants breathe out the fresh air through their leaves, that we may
breathe it into our lungs. More and more wonders, you see, as we go on!
But where does all the rain water and spring water come from? From the
clouds. And where do the clouds come from? From the _Sea_. The sea
water is drawn up by the sun's heat, evaporated, as we call it, into the
air, and makes mist, and that mist grows together into clouds. And these
clouds empty their blessed life-giving treasures on the land--to feed
man, and beast, and herb.
But what is it which governs these clouds, and makes them do their
appointed work? The Psalmist tells us, "At Thy rebuke they flee; at the
voice of Thy thunder they are afraid." He gives the same account of it
which wise men now-a-days give. It is God, he says, and the Providence
of God, which raises the clouds, and makes them water the earth. And the
means which He employs is thunder. Now this is strictly true. We all
know that thunder gathers the clouds together, and brings rain: but we do
not all know that the power which makes the thunder, which we call
electricity, is working all around us everywhere. It is only when it
bursts out, in flame and noise, which we call lightning and thunder, that
we perceive it--but it is still there, this wonderful thing called
electricity, for ever at work--giving the clouds their shape, making them
fly with vast weights of water through the sky, and then making them pour
down that water in rain.
But there is another deep meaning in those words of the Psalmist's about
thunder. He tells us that at the voice of God's thunder the waters are
afraid--that He has set them their bounds which they shall not pass, nor
turn again to cover the earth. And it is true. Also that it is this
same thunder power which makes dry land--for there is thunder beneath us,
and lightning too, in the bowels of the earth. Those who live near
burning mountains know this well. They see not only flames, but _real_
lightning, _real_ thunder playing about the burning mouths of the fiery
mountains--they hear the roaring, the thundering of the fire-kingdom
miles beneath their feet, under the solid crust of the earth. And they
see, too, whole hills, ay, whole counties, sometimes, heaved up many feet
in a single night, by this thunder under ground--and islands thrown up in
the midst of the sea--so that where there was once deep water is now dry
land.
Now, in this very way, strange as it may seem, almost all dry land is
made. This whole country of England once lay at the bottom of the sea.
You may now see shells and sea fishes bedded in high rocks and hill tops.
But it was all heaved up by the thunder which works under ground. There
are places in England where I have seen the marks of the fire on the
rocks; and the solid stone crushed, and twisted, and melted by the vast
force of the fire which thrust up the land from beneath--and thus the
land was heaved up from under the waters, and the sea fled away and left
its old bed dry--firm land and high cliffs--and as the Psalmist says, "At
the voice of God's thunder the waters were afraid. Thou hast set them
their bounds which they shall not pass, neither turn again to cover the
earth."
Wonderful as all this may seem, all learned men know that it is true. And
this one thing at least it ought to teach us, what a wonderful and
Almighty God we have to deal with, whose hand made all these things--and
what a loving and merciful God, who makes not only the wind and the sea,
and the thunder and the fire kingdoms obey Him, but makes their violence
bring blessings to mankind. The fire kingdom heaves up dry land for men
to dwell on--the thunder brings mellow rains--the winds sweep the air
clean, and freshen all our breath--and feed the plants with rich air
drawn from far forests in America, and from the wild raging seas--the sea
sends up its continual treasures of rain--everywhere are harmony and
fitness, beauty and use in all God's works. He has made nothing in vain.
All His works praise Him, and surely, also, His saints should give thanks
to Him! Oh! my friends--every thunder shower--every fresh south-west
breeze, is a miracle of God's mercy, if we could but see thoroughly into
it.
Consider, again, another wonderful proof of God's goodness in what we
call the Tides of the sea. God has made the waters so, that they can
never stand still--the sea is always moving. Twice a day it rises, and
twice a day it sinks and ebbs again all along the shore. It would take
too long to explain why this is--but it is enough to say, that it must be
so, from the way in which God has made the earth and the water. So that
it did not come from accident. God planned and intended it all when He
made the sea at first. His all-foreseeing love settled it all. Now of
what use are these tides? They keep the sea from rotting, by keeping it
in a perpetual stir. And the sea, as it ebbs and flows, draws the air
after it, and so keeps the air continually moving and blowing, therefore
continually fresh, and continually carrying in it rich food for plants
from one country to another. There are other reasons why the winds blow,
which I have not time to mention now; but they all go to prove the same
thing.--How wisely and well the Psalmist said, "Praise the Lord upon
earth ye rivers and all deeps. Fire and hail, snow and vapour, wind and
storm, fulfilling His word" (Ps. cxlviii.).
Another use of the sea, again, is the vast quantity of food which it
gives. Labouring men who live inland have no notion of the wonderful
fruitfulness of those seemingly barren wastes of water, or how many
millions of human beings live mostly on fish. When we consider those
great banks of Newfoundland, where fish enough perhaps to feed all
England are caught every season, and sent over the whole world; our own
herring fisheries, where thousands of millions of fish are caught
yearly--and all the treasures of food and the creeping things
innumerable, both small and great beasts, of which the Psalmist speaks;
when we consider all this, we shall begin to bless God for the sea, as
much as for the land.
"There go the ships," too, says the Psalmist, in this 104th Psalm, "and
there goeth that leviathan, whom Thou hast made to take his pastime
therein." This leviathan is no doubt the whale--the largest of all
living things--often a hundred feet long, and as thick as a house. And
yet even of him, the monster of all monsters, does God's Word stand true,
that He has put all things under man's feet, that all things are in
subjection to man--the fish of the sea, and whatsoever walketh through
the paths of the sea. For even the great whale cannot stand before the
cunning of man--God has taught man the means of killing even it, and
turning it to his own use. The whalebone which we use, the oil which we
burn in lamps, comes from the bodies of those enormous creatures which
wander in the far seas like floating houses, ten thousand miles away.
But again, it is promised in the Bible, that in the new heavens and new
earth there shall be no more sea. When the sea has done its work, God
will have done with it--and then there will be no more division between
nation and nation--no more long dangerous voyages from one country to
another.
And strange to say--the sea is even now at work bringing about this very
thing--destroying itself--filling itself up. Day by day the sea eats
away its own shore, and banks, and carries down their remains to make its
own bed shallower and shallower, till shoals and new lands arise where
there was deep sea before. So that if the world lasts long enough, the
sea by its own laws will be filled up, and dry land appear everywhere.
The bottom of the sea is full, too, of countless millions of strange
insects--and yet even in these strange insects there is use; for not only
do they give food to countless millions of fishes, but after a time they
turn into stone, and form fruitful soil. There are now in many parts of
the world great beds of rock and earth, many feet thick, and miles long,
made up entirely out of the skeletons and shells of little insects which
lived at the bottom of the sea thousands of years ago.
Are not these things wonderful? Well, then, remember who made these
wonders? who keeps them working? Your Father--and the Son of God, and
the Spirit of God. The Son of God--ay, think of Him--He by whom all
things were made--He by whom all things consist--He to whom all power is
given in heaven and earth. He came down and died on the cross for you.
He calls to you to come and serve Him loyally and gratefully--dare you
refuse Him--The Maker and King of this glorious world? He died for you.
He loves you. He condescends to beseech you to come to Him that you may
have life. Alas! what can you expect if you will not come to Him? How
will you escape if you turn your back on your Maker, and despise your own
Creator when He stoops to entreat you? Oh folly--Oh madness--Oh utter
shame and ruin!
There are some people who do not like science and philosophy, because
they say, If you try to explain to people, and make them understand the
wonderful things around them, they will stop thinking them wonderful, and
so you will spoil their reverence, and "familiarity will breed contempt."
Now, no doubt a little learning is a dangerous thing, when it makes some
shallow conceited fellow fancy he knows all about everything. But I can
truly say, that the more you really do know about this earth, the more
your astonishment at it will grow--for the _more_ you understand about
trees and animals, clouds and seas, the _less_ you will find you
understand about them. The more you read about them and watch them, the
more infinitely and inexpressibly wonderful you find them, and the more
you get humbled and awestruck at the boundless wisdom and love of Our
Father in Heaven, and Christ the Word of God who planned and made this
wondrous world, and the Holy Spirit of God who is working this wondrous
world. I tell you, my friends, that as St. Paul says, "If a man will be
wise, let him become a fool that he may be wise." Let him go about
feeling how short-sighted, and stupid, and ignorant he is--and how
infinitely wise Christ the Word of God is, by whom all things were made,
to whom all belong. Let him go about wondering day and night, always
astonished more and more, as everything he sees gives him some fresh
proof of the glory of God; till he falls down on his knees and cries out
with the Psalmist, "Lord, what is man that Thou art mindful of him, or
the son of man, that Thou so regardest him?" When I consider Thy
Heavens, even the work of Thine hands, I say, What is man? and yet Thou
madest man to have dominion over the works of Thine hands, and hast put
all things in subjection under his feet--the fowl of the air and the
fishes of the sea, and whatsoever walketh through the paths of the seas.
O Lord, our Governor, how excellent is Thy name in all the world. In
comparison of Thee what is man's wisdom? What is man's power? Thou
alone art glorious, for by Thee are all things, and for Thee they were
made, and are created, that Thou mightest rejoice in the works of Thy own
hands, and bless the creatures which Thy love has made!
XXII. THE SAILOR'S GOD. PREACHED TO SAILORS AT A LITTLE FISHING VILLAGE
IN CORNWALL, 1843.
"They that go down to the sea in ships, and occupy their business in
great waters; these men see the works of the Lord, and his wonders in
the deep."--Ps. cvii. 23, 24.
My brothers--for though I do not know most of you even by name, yet you
are still my brothers, for His sake in whose name you were baptized--my
brothers, it has been often said that seamen and fishermen ought to be
the most religious men in the country. And why? Because they, more than
any set of men, see the works of the Lord, and His wonders in the deep.
The cotton-spinner, who is shut up in a factory all day long, with
nothing before his eyes but his loom, and nothing to look at beyond his
own house but dingy streets and smoking furnace chimneys--he, poor man,
sees very little of the works of the Lord. _Man_ made the world of
streets and shops and machinery in which that poor workman lives and
dies. What wonder is it if he forgets the God who made him--the God who
made the round world, and set it so fast that it should not be moved, and
has given the sea its bounds that it should not overflow them at any
time? How much better off are you seamen than such a man as that!
And you are better off too, even, than most field labourers and farmers.
They are not shut up in towns, it is true; they have God's beautiful
earth to till and keep: but they are _too safe on shore_! Yes; it may
seem a strange thing to say; but you ought to thank God that your trade
is a dangerous one--you have more to put you in mind of God than the
labouring man!
And why? In the first place, as I said, fishermen and sailors see more
of the wonderful works of God than any other set of men. Man may cut and
change the earth--mining and quarrying and building--till it hardly looks
like God's earth, but he cannot change the sea! There it is, just as God
made it at first. Millions of rivers have run into it, yet it is not
over full; cliffs have been wearing away and falling into it for six
thousand years, yet is it not filled up. Millions of vessels have been
sailing over it, yet they have left no mark upon it; it seems
unchangeable, like God who made it. What is the use of my praising the
sea to you? Do you not all know it, and fear it, and love it too? and
does it not put you in mind of God who made it? who made that mighty
water for the use of men, and filled it with thousands of different kinds
of fishes, and weeds, and wonderful things for your use and comfort; and
who has made it so strong that it shall keep you always in awe and fear
and watchfulness, looking to God to save you--and yet so gentle and calm
that you can sail upon its bosom, and there find food for your families.
Which of you, who has any godly heart in him, can help feeling, sometimes
at least when at sea, that he is seeing the wonderful works of God!
I said that you ought to thank God that your trade was a dangerous one,
and I said that the sea should always keep you in fear and watchfulness,
and looking to God to preserve you. Now, do you not see how these two
sayings go together, and make each other plain. You seamen and fishermen
are in continual danger; your lives are in your hands every moment--the
belaying of a sheet, the strength of a bit of canvas, the toughness of a
deal board, may settle your fate in a moment, and make all the difference
between life and death. If they are sound, you may go back to a happy
home, and see wife and children coming to meet you when you run on shore
at morning from your honest labour; and if they fail--if that weak
cordage, and these planks, and thinner canvas, on which your lives
depend, do but give way, what is left for you the next moment? what but a
grave in the deep, deep sea, and your wives widows and your children
orphans, and your bodies devoured by ugly creeping things, and your souls
gone--gone where? My good men--you who sit around me now so strong and
full of life and skill and happiness--where would your souls be if you
were drowned at sea to-morrow?
What a question! Oh, ask it yourselves honestly! I have been out in
gales myself, and I cannot understand how you can go out, in thirty feet
of timber, upon that mighty sea, with the wind howling over your heads
like a death-bell, and the great hungry waves chasing you for miles, each
one able and willing to swallow you up into the deep, and the gulls
screaming over you as if they were waiting to feed upon your floating
carcases, and you alone, in a tiny boat, upon that waste, howling
wilderness of waters!--I cannot understand, I say, how, when a man is in
such a case as that, day after day, year after year, he can forget his
God, the only friend who can save him from the sea! the only friend who
can send him safe out to his work in the evening, and bring him home safe
to his wife at morning. One would think that when you went down to the
shore in the morning, you would say, "Oh, God! without whose help I am no
stronger than a piece of sea-weed floating up and down, take care of me!
Take care of my wife and my children; and forgive me my sins, and do not
punish me by calling me away this night to answer for them all!" And
when you come home at night, you would say, "Oh, God! who hast kept me
safe all this day, what can I do to show how thankful I am to Thee!" Ay!
what _can_ you do to show how thankful you are to God for His care? What
_ought_ you to do to show your thankfulness to Him? What _must_ you do
to show your thankfulness to Him? He has told you. "If you love me, He
says, keep my commandments. Do justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with
thy God."
These, my friends, are the holy and thankful thoughts which ought to be
in your hearts every day and hour. This is the thought which God meant
to put into your hearts when He made sailors of you, and brought you into
the world, by the sea-side, to take up your business in great waters. You
might have been born in Bristol or Liverpool or London, and never seen
anything but streets and houses, and man's clumsy work. But God has been
very good to you. He has brought you up here, in this happy West
country, where you may see His wonderful works day and night; where you
ought never to forget that you have a Father in heaven who made the sea,
and who keeps you safe at sea by night and day. God has given you a
great deal. He has given you two books to read--the book of God's Word,
the Bible, and the book of God's earth, the sky and sea and land, which
is above you and below you and around you day and night. If you can read
and understand them properly, you will find in them everything which you
want; you may learn from them to be holy in this world and happy in the
next. God has given you, too, fathers, mothers, wives, children, a
comfortable home, a holy trade--the same which the apostles followed. God
has given you England for your country, and the West country--the best
place in England for your home. God has given you a good Queen, and good
magistrates and landlords. God has given you health and strength, and
seamanship, and clear heads and stout hearts. And God has made you
seamen and fishermen, and given you a business in which you can see God's
mighty power and wisdom day and night, and feel Him taking care of you
when you cannot take care of yourselves.
Therefore you ought to thank God that yours is a dangerous business,
because it teaches you to trust in God alone for safety. And what are
you to give Him in return? What does God require of you? You cannot pay
Him back again for all His mercies, for they are past counting, but you
must pay Him back all you can. And what must you pay Him back? First,
you must trust in God; for he who comes to God and wishes to walk with
God through life, as a good man should, must believe that there is a God,
and that He will reward those who look to Him.
I never heard of a sailor who did not _believe_ in God; for how can a man
look at the sea, and not say to himself, _God_ made the sea! But I have
seen a great many sailors who did not _trust_ in God. As long as it is
fine weather, and everything goes right, they will forget God, and fancy
that it is their own seamanship, and not God alone, which keeps their
boats afloat, and their own skill in fishing, and not God alone, which
sends the shoals of fish into their nets; and so they are truly
fine-weather sailors--men who are only fit for calm seas and light
breezes, when they can take care of themselves without God's help; but
when a squall comes their hearts change, by God's mercy. For when a man
has done all he can to save himself, and all he can do is no use, and his
nets are adrift, and his boat on her beam ends, and the foaming rocks are
on his lee, then he comes to his senses at last, and prays. Why did he
not pray before? Why did he not save himself from all that misery and
trouble and danger by thanking God for taking care of him, and praying to
God to take care of him still. "Foolish men are plagued for their
offences, and because of their wickedness. They that go down to the sea
in ships, and occupy their business on great waters; these men see the
works of the Lord, and His wonders in the deep; for at His word the
stormy wind ariseth which lifteth up the waves thereof; they are carried
up to heaven, and down again into the deep; their soul melteth away
because of the trouble; they reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken
man, and are at their wit's end." And justly they are punished for
forgetting God. God made the calm as well as the storm. Could they not
remember that? But look at God's mercy; for when they cry unto the Lord
in their trouble, He delivers them out of all their distress. For He
makes the storm to cease, so that the waves are still; then are they glad
because they are at rest, and so God brings them to the harbour where
they would be.
Is there an old man sitting here who has not had this happen to him? And
what did you _do_, my friend, when God had saved you out of that danger?
It is easy to tell what you _ought_ to have done; you ought to have gone
home and fallen on your knees, and prayed to God; you ought to have said,
Oh, Lord, I am a miserable, foolish sinner, who can only remember Thee
when Thou art angry; an ungrateful son, who only thinks of his father
when he beats him! Oh, God, forgive me, I ought to have trusted in Thee
before! I deserved all my danger and punishment and more. I did not
deserve to be pardoned and saved from it! I deserve to be at the bottom
of the sea at this moment. But forgive me, forgive me, loving and
merciful Father, for the sake of Thy dear Son Jesus Christ, who died on
the cross that I might be saved from death!
And when you had prayed thus, the next thing you ought to have asked
yourself was--What does God require of me? how can I try to pay Him
back--how can I show that I am thankful? My good friends, what does God
require of you? "To do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly
with your God." I told you He required of you first to trust in Him at
all hours, in all weathers. This is the next thing which He requires of
you--To do justly, to cheat no man, not in the price of a pilchard; to
love mercy; to love your neighbours, as Christ loved you; to help your
neighbours, as Christ helped you and all mankind, by dying to save you;
and as Christ has helped you, night after night, when you might have been
buried in the waves, if Christ had not prayed for you that you might have
time to repent, and bring forth fruits fit for repentance. To love
mercy; to forgive every man who hurts you, for they are all Christian men
and your brothers. Christ loved every one! Why should not you? If your
wife or friend loved anything, you would be kind to it for their sakes;
and so, if you really love God, and are thankful to Him for all His mercy
and kindness, you will love every man you meet, for God's sake, who loved
them and gave His Son for them.
"To walk humbly with your God." That is the beginning and end of all--you
must be humble; you must confess that you are foolish, and God alone is
wise; that you are weak, and God alone is strong; that you are poor
fishermen, whom any squall may drown, and that God is the Great, Loving,
Almighty God, who made heaven and earth, and the sea and all that is
therein, and who helps all those who put their trust in Him. This is
what God asks you to do in return for all He has done for you! To pray
to Him, to praise Him, to put your trust in Him, to keep His commandments
like thankful, humble, obedient, loving children. They who do these
things, and only they, shall never fail. By night and day, in summer and
winter, in storm and calm, in health and sickness, in richness and
poverty, God will be with them. Christ will be with them. He sat in a
fisherman's boat once, on the sea of Tiberias, and He will sit in your
boats if you will but ask Him. He will steer you, He will save you, He
will take care of your wives and children when you are far away, and He
will bring you through the troublesome waves of this mortal life, so
that, having faith for your anchor, and hope for your sail, and charity
for your crew, you may at last land on the happy shore of everlasting
life, there to live with God, world without end. God grant it may be so!
My good brothers--for I am a Christian like you, and an Englishman like
you, and a west countryman like you--I thank our Father in heaven that He
has brought me from the other end of England, and put this message into
my mouth, to remind you of who you are--that _you_ are the men who see
the works of the Lord, and His wonders in the deep; and that God will say
to every one of you at the day of judgment,--I taught you all this, I
gave you all this, I did all this for _you_, what have you done for _Me_
in return?
Go home--read over these verses in 107th Psalm, and think over what I
have said. Do it to-night, for the weather has broken up--there are
gales coming. Which of you can say that he will be alive next Sunday?