[Illustration: PLATE I.
_Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C._]
[Illustration: PLATE II.
Figs. 18A to 22A. Old Scottish treble wooden tumbler lock (Patent
Museum).
Fig. 18A. Front view.
Fig. 19A. Side view.
Fig. 20A. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 21A. Transverse section.
Fig.22 A. Section through A B (fig. 21A).
Figs. 23A to 25A. Wooden tumbler lock from Norway (Hazilius Museum,
Stockholm).
Fig. 23A. Front view.
Fig. 24A. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 25A. Transverse section on A B.
Figs. 26A to 28A. Wooden tumbler lock made by negroes of Jamaica
(Museum, Kew Gardens).
Fig. 26A. Front view.
Fig. 27A. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 28A. Transverse section on A B.
Figs. 29A to 31A. Wooden tumbler lock from British Guiana (CHRISTY
Collection).
Fig. 29A. Front view.
Fig. 30A. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 31A. Transverse section.
Fig. 9B. Probable use of fig. 29B, Plate III., as a key for a single
tumbler lock.
Figs. 10B to 12B. Modern Egyptian wooden tumbler or pin-lock in use
at the present time.
Fig. 10B. Longitudinal section showing pegs raised by key A
preparatory to withdrawing the bolt B.
Fig. 11B. Key A.
Fig. 12B. Longitudinal section showing pegs down and bolt
locked.]
[Illustration: PLATE II.
_Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C._]
[Illustration: PLATE III.
Figs. 13B and 14B. Modern wooden tumbler or pin-lock from Yarkand
(India Museum).
Fig. 13B. Longitudinal section showing pegs raised by key A
preparatory to withdrawing the bolt B.
Fig. 14B. Longitudinal section showing pegs down and bolt
locked.
Figs. 15B to 20B. Reproduction of Roman tumbler lock (Mainz Museum)
(Lindenschmit).
Fig. 15B. Front view.
Fig. 16B. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 17B. Transverse section on C D.
Fig. 18B. Section through A B.
Fig. 19B. Bolt (top view).
Fig. 20B. Key.
_a._ Key. _b._ Bolt. _c._ Block, _e._ Hasp. _f f._ Tumblers.
_g._ Spring. _h._ Plate of spring.
Fig. 21B. Ancient hasp from Hetternheim, Roman.
Fig. 22B. Bronze bolt from Oppenheim, Roman.
Fig. 23B. Bronze bolt from Heddernheim, Roman.
Fig. 24B. Iron key found in the River Rhine at Mayence,
Roman.
Fig. 25B. Key for tumbler lock with ward plate, Roman ('La
Ferronnerie').
Fig. 26B. Bolt for single tumbler found in the Forest of
Compiègne, Roman ('La Ferronnerie').
Fig. 27B. Key to raise single tumbler lock found at Nonfous,
Switzerland, Roman ('La Ferronnerie').
Fig. 28B. Modern pick-lock.
Fig. 29B. Key found in Germano-Roman tomb at Niderolm (probable use
shown in fig. 9B, Plate II.).
Fig. 30B. } Anglo-Saxon keys found at Sarr, in Kent ('Archæologia
Fig. 31B. } Cantiana').
Fig. 32B. } Two keys from Bornholm, in the Baltic ('Mémoires
Fig. 33B. } de la Société Royale es Antiquaries du Nord').]
[Illustration: PLATE III.
_Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C._]
[Illustration: PLATE IV.
Fig. 34B. Key found at Caerwent, in Wales ("Isca Silurum").
Fig. 35B. } Two keys found in Roman villa at Hartlip, Kent
Fig. 36B. } ('Collectanea Antiqua').
Fig. 37B. } Two keys found at St. Pierre-en-Chastre, Oise.
Gaulish. From drawings taken by Gen. PITT-RIVERS,
Fig. 38B. } in the Musée de Saint Germain.
Fig. 39B. Key found at Spettisbury, near Blandford. British.
(British Museum.)
Fig. 40B. } Two keys found in Mount Caburn Camp, near Lewes,
Fig. 41B. } by the Author. British. ('Archæologia.')
Fig. 42B. Key found in Cissbury Camp, Sussex. British. ('Journal
Anthropological Institute.')
Fig. 43B. Represents the ancient mode of carrying keys on shoulder,
adapted to the British key found in Caburn. (Fig. 41B.)
Figs. 1C and 2C. Modern Scandinavian bolt and key ('La
Ferronnerie').
Fig. 1C. Front view.
Fig. 2C. Transverse section on A B.
Figs. 3C to 5C. Modern Scandinavian bolt and key, with spring A.
From a model presented by Dr. ENGELHARDT, and used in Norway.
Fig. 3C. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 4C. Transverse section.
Fig. 5C. View showing keyhole.
Fig. 6C. } Two iron keys from Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne,
Fig. 7C. } France.
Fig. 8C. } Two iron keys from Colchester, Essex, ("Uriconium").
Fig. 9C. }
Fig. 10C. Iron key from Jordan Hill, near Weymouth.
Fig. 11C. Iron key from Caudebec-les Elbeuf ('La Ferronnerie').
Fig. 12C. Iron lock-plate found with above (fig. 11C).
Fig. 13C. } Two iron keys from Roman villa, at Hartlip, Kent
Fig. 14C. } ('Collectanea Antiqua').
Fig. 15C. } Three keys from Anglo-Saxon graves at Sarr, Kent
Fig. 16C. } ('Archæologia Cantiana').
Fig. 17C. }
Fig. 18C. Bronze key from Gotland, Iron Age ('Antiquités
Suédoises').
Fig. 19C. } Two keys from Björkö, in the Gulf of Bothnia, 8th
Fig. 20C. } or 9th Century A.D.]
[Illustration: PLATE IV.
_Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C._]
[Illustration: PLATE V.
Figs. 21C and 22C. Portions of Roman padlock found at Jordan Hill,
Weymouth.
Fig. 21C. Side view of lock-case and parallel bar.
Fig. 22C. Side view of bolt with spring catch. _a._ Bolt. _b b._
Perpendicular bars of bolt _c c._ Rings to slip over parallel
bar _d._ _e._ Catch springs. _f._ Hole in tube through which
bolt is passed. _g._ Key.
Figs. 23C to 25C. Roman padlocks found at Great Chesterford, Essex
('Archæological Journal').
Fig. 23C. Side view of supposed original form.
Fig. 24C. Improved form showing bolt, _a_.
Fig. 25C. Improved form without bolt.
Figs. 26C and 27C. Old Swedish padlock.
Fig. 26C. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 27C. Side view of bolt and springs. _d._ Parallel bar
turning on hinge at _h_, and entering tube case at _j_.
Figs. 28C to 30C. Old Russian bronze padlock, St. Petersburg ('La
Ferronnerie').
Fig. 28C. Side view of bolt and springs.
Fig. 29C. Side view of tube case.
Fig. 30C. End of case showing aperture for springs.
Figs. 31C and 32C. Old English fetterlock, from Epping, near London.
Fig. 31C. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 32C. Side view of bolt and springs A. Side and end views of
key shown above.
Fig. 33C. Fragment of bolt with springs, found in rampart in
excavations at the Norman Camp, Folkestone ('Archæologia').
Fig. 34C. Iron padlock found at Swanscombe, Kent, 15th Century
('Archæological Journal').
Fig. 35C. Longitudinal section (with key) of modern padlock, from
Rushmore, Wiltshire, spiral spring action.
Fig. 36C. Side view of modern padlock, from Paris, spiral spring
action.
Fig. 37C. Side view of modern padlock, from Germany, with spiral
spring action.
Fig. 38C. Longitudinal section of modern handcuff, from Wiltshire,
with spiral spring action, unlocked by a revolving key.]
[Illustration: PLATE V.
_Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C._]
[Illustration: PLATE VI.
Figs. 39C to 41C. Padlock, from Paris, probably 17th Century, spring
lock, unlocked by a revolving key.
Fig. 39C. Front view.
Fig. 40C. Transverse section.
Fig. 41C. Longitudinal section.
Figs. 42C and 43C. Old iron padlock, from Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Fig. 42C. Front view.
Fig. 43C. Side view.
Figs. 44C to 46C. Iron padlock, from the Gate of Moultan, India, of
similar construction to the Roman padlock (India Museum).
Fig. 44C. Side view.
Fig. 45C. Side view of springs.
Fig. 46C. Side view of key.
Figs. 47C and 48C. Modern iron padlock, from Cairo; the bolt
entering a socket in the parallel bar.
Fig. 47C. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 48C. End and side views of key.
Figs. 49C and 50C. Modern padlock from Cairo; key with lateral
action.
Fig. 49C. Side view.
Fig. 50C. End view.
Figs. 51C and 52C. Modern padlock from India; key with lateral
action and ward; the bolt entering a socket in the parallel bar.
Fig. 51C. Side view.
Fig. 52C. End view.
Figs. 53C to 55C. Modern padlock, from Myhere, India (India Museum).
Fig. 53C. Side view.
Fig. 54C. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 55C. Transverse section.
Figs. 56C and 57C. Old Egyptian manacle.
Fig. 56C. Side view.