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OLD TAVERN SIGNS
[Illustration: Old Dutch Signs From a Painting by Gerrit and
Job Berkheyden]
OLD TAVERN SIGNS
An Excursion in the History of Hospitality
by
FRITZ ENDELL
With Illustrations by the Author
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company
Printed at The Riverside Press Cambridge
Mdccccxvi
Copyright, 1916, by Houghton Mifflin Company
All Rights Reserved
Published November 1916
THIS EDITION, PRINTED AT THE RIVERSIDE
PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, CONSISTS OF FIVE HUNDRED
AND FIFTY NUMBERED COPIES, OF
WHICH FIVE HUNDRED ARE FOR SALE. THIS
IS NUMBER 5
Preface
For a sign! as indeed man, with his singular imaginative
faculties, can do little or nothing without signs.
CARLYLE
The author’s love of the subject is his only apology for his bold
undertaking. First it was the filigree quality and the beauty of the
delicate tracery of the wrought-iron signs in the picturesque villages
of southern Germany that attracted his attention; then their deep
symbolic significance exerted its influence more and more over his
mind, and tempted him at last to follow their history back until he
could discover its multifarious relations to the thought and feeling
of earlier generations.
For the shaping of the English text the author is greatly indebted to
his American friends Mr. D. S. Muzzey, Mr. Emil Heinrich Richter, and
Mr. Carleton Noyes.
Contents
I. HOSPITALITY AND ITS TOKENS 1
II. ANCIENT TAVERN SIGNS 23
III. ECCLESIASTICAL HOSPITALITY AND ITS SIGNS 47
IV. SECULAR HOSPITALITY: KNIGHTLY AND POPULAR SIGNS 75
V. TRAVELING WITH SHAKESPEARE AND MONTAIGNE 101
VI. TAVERN SIGNS IN ART--ESPECIALLY IN PICTURES BY THE DUTCH
MASTERS 127
VII. ARTISTS AS SIGN-PAINTERS 141
VIII. THE SIGN IN POETRY 167
IX. POLITICAL SIGNS 187
X. TRAVELING WITH GOETHE AND FREDERICK THE GREAT 217
XI. THE ENGLISH SIGN AND ITS PECULIARITIES 235
XII. THE ENEMIES OF THE SIGN AND ITS END 259
ENVOY: AND THE MORAL? 277
BIBLIOGRAPHY 291
INDEX 297
Illustrations
OLD DUTCH SIGNS _Frontispiece_
_From a painting by Gerrit and Job Berkheyden_
ZUM SCHIFF, IN STUTTGART _Title-Page_
ZUM OCHSEN, IN BIETIGHEIM, WÜRTTEMBERG vi
THE COCK, IN FLEET STREET, LONDON 2
ADAM AND EVE 5
_From an engraving by Hogarth_
ELEFANT AND CASTLE, LONDON 7
_From an old woodcut_
ENGEL, IN MURRHARDT, WÜRTTEMBERG 11
ZUM GOLDNEN ANKER IN BESIGHEIM, WÜRTTEMBERG 20
ENGEL, IN WINNENDEN, WÜRTTEMBERG 24
ZUM RAD, IN RAVENSBURG, WÜRTTEMBERG 37
ZUM WILDEN MANN, IN ESSLINGEN, WÜRTTEMBERG 38
ROMAN TAVERN SIGN FROM ISERNIA, ITALY 43
CAMPANA AND CANONE D’ORO, IN BORGO SAN DALMAZZO, ITALY 44
LAMM, IN ERLENBACH, WÜRTTEMBERG 48
ZUM RITTER, IN DEGERLOCH, WÜRTTEMBERG 65
THE GOOD WOMAN, OLD ENGLISH SIGN 67
HIE ZUM KINDLI, IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY
IN ZÜRICH 71
ADLER, IN LEONBERG, WÜRTTEMBERG 76
ZUM RÖSSLE, IN BOZEN, AUSTRIA 83
LE CHAT QUI DORT, MUSÉE CARNAVALET, PARIS 89
AFFENWAGEN, OLD SWISS SIGN 91
EAGLE AND CHILD, GUILDHALL MUSEUM, LONDON 100
KRONE, IN LEONBERG, WÜRTTEMBERG 102
THE FALCON, IN CHESTER, ENGLAND 105
THE OLD BLUE BOAR, IN LINCOLN, ENGLAND 115
ROSE, IN MURRHARDT, WÜRTTEMBERG 121
THE ROWING BARGE, IN WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND 125
THE TRUMPETER BEFORE A TAVERN 128
_From a painting by Du Jardin in Amsterdam_
A BAKER’S SIGN IN BORGO SAN DALMAZZO, ITALY 135
THE HALF-MOON 136
_From a painting by Teniers in London_
ZUR POST, IN LEONBERG, WÜRTTEMBERG 137
A SIGN-PAINTER 142
_From an engraving by Hogarth_
ENSEIGNE DU RÉMOULEUR, PARIS 153
THE GOAT, IN KENSINGTON, LONDON 163
ZUM GOLDNEN HIRSCH, IN LEONBERG, WÜRTTEMBERG 168
TRATTORIA DEL GALLO, IN TENDA, ITALY 184
ZUM LÖWEN, IN BIETIGHEIM, WÜRTTEMBERG 186
THE KING OF WÜRTTEMBERG, IN STUTTGART 188
ZUR KRONE, IN DEGERLOCH, WÜRTTEMBERG 191
BUTCHER SIGN IN OBERSTENFELD, WÜRTTEMBERG 197
THE DOG AND POT, IN LONDON 214
ZUR POST, IN BIETIGHEIM, WÜRTTEMBERG 218
AUX TROIS LAPINS, OLD PARISIAN SIGN 227
LAMB AND FLAG, IN EAST BATH, ENGLAND 236
THE SWAN, IN WELLS, ENGLAND 238
FOUR SWANS, IN WALTHAM CROSS, ENGLAND 240
SALUTATION INN, IN MANGOTSFIELD, ENGLAND 244
_A club sign from the museum in Taunton, England_
THE PACK-HORSE, IN CHIPPENHAM, ENGLAND 246
ZUM HIRSCHEN, IN WINNENDEN, WÜRTTEMBERG 253
CAVALLO BIANCO, IN BORGO SAN DALMAZZO, ITALY 260
THREE SQUIRRELS, IN LONDON 262
ZUR GLOCKE, IN WINNENDEN, WÜRTTEMBERG 264
ZUM SCHLÜSSEL, IN BOZEN, AUSTRIA 267
THE DOG IN SHOREDITCH 270
_From a woodcut in “A Vademecum for Malt-Worms,” in the
British Museum_
THE QUEEN, IN EXETER, ENGLAND 272
ZUM STORCHEN, A MODERN SIGN IN BIETIGHEIM 274
ZUR TRAUBE, IN STUTTGART, KOLBSTRASSE 14 276
SONNE, IN NECKARSULM, WÜRTTEMBERG 278
AN OLD LANDLORD 281
_From the “Schachbuch,” Lübeck, 1489_
DEATH AND THE LANDLORD 283
_From a Dance of Death printed in the Fifteenth Century,
now in the Court Library in Stuttgart_
ZUR SONNE IN WINNENDEN, WÜRTTEMBERG 284
THE GEORGE AND DRAGON, IN WARGRAVE, ENGLAND 286
ZUM POSTGARTEN, IN MÜNCHEN, BAVARIA 289
_The Cover-Design is from the sign of the “Goldene Sonne”
in Leonberg, Württemberg_
Old Tavern Signs
CHAPTER I
HOSPITALITY AND ITS TOKENS
[Illustration: THE COCK FLEET-STREET LONDON]
Old Tavern Signs