Abolitionists, adverse influence of, upon anti-slavery sentiment in
Virginia, 43, 48, 51, 59;
character of assaults of, upon slavery and Virginians, 48, 49;
views of Thomas Jefferson Randolph upon, 51;
views of George Tucker upon, 51, 52;
views of Henry Ruffner upon, 53;
views of William Ellery Channing upon, 53;
views of Abraham Lincoln upon, 54, 55;
views of Daniel Webster upon, 55;
views of Stephen A. Douglas upon, 56;
views of Thomas Ewing upon, 56;
views of George Lunt upon, 57;
views of George Ticknor Curtis upon, 57;
views of Theodore Roosevelt upon, 58;
views of William Henry Smith upon, 58;
attitude of, contrasted with that of Republicans, 194, 195;
efforts of, to defeat fugitive slave law, 200, 201;
purpose and methods of, 210, 212;
disunion sentiments of, 213;
contended that Union alone protected slaveholders, 219;
see John Brown, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, William Lloyd Garrison,
Theodore Parker, Wendell Phillips.
Abolition of Slavery in Virginia, petition for, from citizens of
Staunton, 128, 129.
Adams, Charles Francis, estimate of Virginians at Gettysburg, 139, 140;
estimate of racial difficulties, 181;
his analysis of Virginia's grounds of secession, 249;
records effects of Virginia's declaration for union, 253;
on coercion as the issue, 255;
views as to Virginia's unchanged allegiance to state sovereignty, 294.
Adams, John Quincy, on action of anti-slavery societies, 1835, 174;
not an Abolitionist, 195;
views as to right of secession, 290.
Adams, Reverend Nehemiah, on assaults upon Virginia by Abolitionists,
48, 49;
on feeling in Virginia regarding slave traders, 141;
on reactionary effects of Abolitionists, 176.
African Slave Trade, early opposition to, in Virginia, 16;
letter of Colonel William Byrd against, 16;
petition of Virginia House of Burgesses against, 1772, 18;
arraignment of in original draft of Declaration of Independence, 19;
Virginia Colonial Convention 1774, hostile to, 21;
declaration against in Continental Congress, 1774, 21, 22;
Virginia's statute abolishing, 1778, 25;
George Mason's denunciation of, 30;
efforts of Virginians in Congress to suppress, 33;
President Jefferson's message, 1806-07 on suppression of, 34;
President Madison's message, 1810, recommending more stringent laws
against, 35;
act of 1819 against, 36;
joint resolution of Congress, 1823, against, 36;
"Right of Search" in suppression of, advocated by President Monroe,
1824, 37;
President Tyler's message against, 1841-42, 38;
appeal of Henry A. Wise against, 1845, 38-39;
President Taylor's message against, 1849, 39.
Agriculture in Virginia, injurious effects of slavery upon, 127-137.
Amalgamation of blacks and whites, Governor James McDowell on, 163;
William C. Rives on, 163-164;
M. de Tocqueville on, 164;
Stephen A. Douglas on, 165;
General William T. Sherman on, 165;
William H. Seward on, 165;
Abraham Lincoln on, 165-166.
American Anti-Slavery Society, its organization, 1833, 200;
disunion resolutions of, May, 1844, 213.
American Civil War, character of, 1-3;
parties to, 2, 3;
causes of, 3-5;
objects for which it was waged, 5-9.
American Colonization Society, its organization, 1816, 61;
establishes colony of Liberia, 1819, 62, 63;
organization of auxiliary societies to, in Virginia, 63;
work of, impeded by pro-slavery men and Abolitionists, 65.
Amendment to constitution, proposed by Congress, 1861, safeguarding
slavery, 192;
ratified by Ohio and Maryland, 192.
Annapolis, convention assembles at, 1786, to amend Articles of
Confederation, 238.
Anti-Slavery sentiments, of prominent Virginians, 82-101.
Apportionment, basis of, for representation in Virginia Legislature,
144, 172.
Arkansas, secedes because of Lincoln's call for troops, 226.
Bacon, Reverend Leonard, estimate of condition of free negroes, 1831,
160.
Baldwin, John B., a Union leader in Virginia Convention, 1861, 255;
urges President Lincoln to abandon coercion, 266;
on position of Union men in Virginia after her secession, 297.
Ballagh, J. H., on Virginia's primacy in prohibiting African slave
trade, 25;
on slavery debate in Virginia's Legislature, 1832, 46;
on estimate of number of slaves freed in Virginia, 102.
Bancroft, George, on Virginia's effort to prohibit importation of
slaves, 17;
on Virginia's Bill of Rights, 23;
on Ordinance of 1787, 27;
on injurious effect of slavery on Virginia, 127;
estimate of Virginia's action in calling for intercolonial committees
of correspondence, 239;
estimate of Virginia's action in securing Convention at Philadelphia,
1787, 239.
Banks, Governor N. P., addresses Legislature of Massachusetts, January,
1861, on "personal liberty laws," 205.
Barton, D. W., emancipates slaves, 70.
Barton, Robert T., letter to author regarding above, 70, 71.
Bates, Edwin, his reply as Attorney General to President Lincoln's
request for opinions on provisioning Fort Sumter, 282 and 284.
Baylor, George, remarks in Virginia Convention, 1861,
on secession and coercion, 265;
on coercing Cotton States, 289.
Berry, Henry, anti-slavery sentiments, 93.
Bill of Rights, Virginia's, on inherent rights of men, 22-23.
"Black Belt" in Virginia, its white and slave population, 125.
Blackburn, Samuel, will emancipating slaves, 113.
Blaine, James G., on slavery in the territories, 185;
on action of Republicans in Congress, 1861, abandoning their position
on the subject, 185;
on protection afforded to slavery by the Union, 222.
Blair, Montgomery, replies, as Postmaster General, to President
Lincoln's request for opinions on provisioning Fort Sumter, 282 and
284.
Bland, Theodoric, efforts in first Congress, to tax importation of
slaves, 33.
Bolling, Philip A., anti-slavery sentiments of, 95;
on injurious effects of slavery, 130.
Bonner, Jesse, will emancipating slaves, 107.
Booth, Sherman M., convicted by Federal Court, and discharged by State
Court of Wisconsin, 203.
Branch, Thomas, remarks of, in Virginia Convention, 1861, on President
Lincoln's First Inaugural, 265.
Brent, George W., remarks of, in Virginia Convention, 1861, on
influence of Abolitionists in North, and Free Traders in South, in
precipitating the Civil War, 266.
Broadnax, William H., views expressed in slavery debate, 1832, 47;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 92.
Brokenbrough, John W., delegate from Virginia to Peace Conference,
1861, 246.
Brown Co., Ohio, colonization of Samuel Gist's slaves in, 66.
Brown, John, John W. Burgess's estimate of reactionary influence of his
Raid and of Northern sympathy, 178;
disastrous influence of his Raid upon sentiment in the South, 178;
Lincoln's estimate of his Raid, 195;
captured by United States soldiers, 212;
sympathy of leading Abolitionists with, 218;
prominent Abolitionists, parties to his venture, 219.
Brougham, Lord, on character of Federal Government, 290.
Buchanan, James, extract from message, as President, 1860, on influence
of Abolitionists, 177;
message to Congress, 1860, on "personal liberty laws," 204.
Burgesses—House of, their petition, 1772, against slave trade, 18;
their resolutions against Stamp Act, 1765, 238;
pledging support to Massachusetts, 1768, 238;
asserting resistance to Great Britain, 1769, 238;
providing for intercolonial committees of correspondence, 1773, 239;
fixing day for fasting and prayer, 1774, 239.
Burgess, J. W., on reactionary influence of John Brown's Raid, 178;
on effect of sympathy evinced for John Brown in many parts of the
North, 178.
Burke, Edmund, on England's participation in slave trade and Virginia's
opposition, 17;
on John Hampden's position, 229.
Byrd, Colonel William, anti-slavery sentiments of, 1736, 16, Note 3.
Caldwell, E. B., prominent in organizing American Colonization Society,
61.
Cameron, Simon, his reply, as Secretary of War, to President Lincoln's
request for opinion on provisioning Fort Sumter, 281 and 289.
Carlile, John S., on protection of slavery by the Union, 223.
Carr, Dabney, author of resolutions providing for intercolonial
committees of correspondence, 239.
Carroll, Charles of Carrolton, President of American Colonization
Society, 62.
Carter, Robert, deeds, emancipating slaves, 105.
Cass Co., Michigan, colonization in, of Sampson Sanders' slaves, 70.
Chadwick, F. E., analysis of census showing number of Virginia's
slaveholders, 124;
estimate of number of Virginians living beyond the State, 1860, 128;
on the prominent men, parties to John Brown's Raid, 219.
Chandler, John A., anti-slavery sentiments, 92.
Chandler, Zachariah, letter regarding Peace Conference, 1861, 249.
Channing, William Ellery, on adverse influence of Abolitionists, 53.
Chase, Salmon P., on impossibility of complete enforcement of fugitive
slave law, 187 and 206;
replies, as Secretary of the Treasury, to President Lincoln's request
for opinion on provisioning Fort Sumter, 283, 284.
Clark, General George Rogers, Conqueror of Northwest Territory, 26 and
237.
Clay, Henry, presides at meeting to organize American Colonization
Society, 1816, 61;
President of American Colonization Society, 62;
on emancipation and colonization of negroes, 76, 77;
on condition of free negroes in 1829, 160.
Cleveland, Ohio, place of proposed Disunion Convention, October, 1857,
214.
Cocke, Eliza W., deed emancipating slaves, 122.
Coercion, controlling factor in determining Virginia's secession, 252;
Robert E. Lee denies ethical right of, 288;
William C. Rives denies same, 289;
George Baylor denies same, 289;
M. de Tocqueville denies right of by Federal Government, 289;
Lord Brougham denies same, 290.
Coles, Edward, emancipates his slaves and colonizes them in Illinois,
66, 67;
prosecuted and fined for this act, 67.
Coles, Roberts, killed at battle of Roanoke Island, 68.
Colonization of negroes, appropriation by Virginia Legislature in aid
of, 59, 64;
origin of the idea of, 60;
resolutions of Virginia Legislature favoring, 1800, 60;
same, 1805, 60;
same, 1816, 61;
organization of American Society to promote, 61;
by individual slaveholders, 66-73;
views of Jefferson, Clay and Lincoln on, 75-81.
Colorado, organized as a territory without prohibition as to slavery,
1861, 186.
Commerce, decline of, in Virginia, 134 and 137.
Congress, 1789, efforts of Virginians in, to tax importation of slaves,
33;
resolutions adopted by, defining attitude regarding slavery, 1861,
187;
amendment to constitution proposed by, 1861, 192;
resolution of, defining attitude on purpose of War, 1861, 194;
Act of, February 12, 1793, regarding return of fugitive slaves, 199;
Act of, September 18, 1850, regarding fugitive slaves, 202;
resolutions adopted February, 1861, regarding fugitive slave act, 205.
Congress, Continental of 1774, Virginia's anti-slavery attitude defined
in, 21, 22.
Congress, Continental of 1784, accepts Virginia's deed ceding Northwest
Territory, 26.
Connecticut, Statute of, 1833, regarding establishment of schools for
non-resident negroes, 167;
"personal liberty laws," 202.
Constitution, Virginia's opposition to clause permitting African slave
trade, 29;
clauses of, regarding fugitives from justice and fugitive slaves, 197;
copies burned by Abolitionists at burned by Abolitionists at public
meetings, 216.
Controversy, regarding slavery, status of at time of Virginia's
secession, 182-201.
Convention, Virginia's Colonial, 1777, resolves against slave trade, 21;
Virginia's, 1861, majority of delegates to, Union men, 252;
report of committee from, on reply of President Lincoln, 274.
Cotton States, effect of withdrawal of representatives of, from
Congress, 186;
sent no delegates to Peace Conference, 1861, 249;
coercion of, by Federal Government, crucial factor in determining
Virginia's secession, 266;
coercion of, repugnant to many people both North and South, 271;
Virginia's attitude regarding their secession, 286.
Curtis, George Ticknor, on adverse influence of Abolitionists, 57;
attests anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia in 1832, 143.
Custis, G. W. P., furnishes asylum for Liberian colonists, 63;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 96;
emancipates his slaves, 102;
will, emancipating slaves, 121.
Dakota, organized as a territory, 1861, without prohibition of slavery,
186.
Davies, Arthur B., will emancipating slaves, 120.
Davis, Jefferson, on attitude of Southern Confederacy towards the Union
and slavery, 6;
on the right of revolution, 287.
Declaration of Independence, clause against slavery and slave trade,
stricken out of, 19, 20.
Deeds and wills emancipating slaves, specimens of, 103-123.
Dew, Thomas R., on slavery debate of 1832, 47.
Disunion, Abolitionists advocate, 213.
Disunion Convention, meets at Worcester, Mass., 1857, 214;
fails to assemble at Cleveland, 1857, 214.
Douglas, Stephen A., on negro problem, 165.
Du Bois, W. E. B., on Virginia's effort to abolish slave trade, 22.
Early, Albert, will emancipating slaves, 116.
Early, Joseph, will emancipating slaves, 118.
Early, Jubal A., remarks, in Virginia Convention, 1861, on Lincoln's
First Inaugural, 266.
Edlow, Carter H., will emancipating slaves, 114.
Emancipation, problems, social and political of, in Virginia, 161;
Lincoln's estimate of difficulties of, 180.
Emancipation in Virginia, difficulties attending, 157-180.
Emancipation Proclamations, 226.
Emigration, of slaveholders from Virginia, 146.
Eppes, Francis, will emancipating slaves, 117.
Everett, Edward, on coercing the seceding States, 284.
Ewell, Charles, will emancipating slaves, 108.
Ewing, Thomas, on adverse influence of Abolitionists, 56, 57.
"Fanatics," Northern, their reactionary influence, 172.
Faulkner, Charles J., a leader of anti-slavery party in Virginia
Legislature 1832, 91;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 93;
on injurious effects of slavery upon Virginia's prosperity, 130;
allusion to anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 1832, 143.
Federal Government, attitude of, regarding all questions arising out of
slavery, 182.
"Fire Eaters," Southern, their reactionary influence, 172.
Fiske, John, on Virginia's claim upon Northwest Territory, 26;
on her part in enacting Ordinance of 1787, 27;
on forces which secured enactment of clause in constitution,
permitting African slave trade, 29;
on anti-slavery party in Virginia, 138;
declares that Virginia made first formal defiance to Stamp Act, 238;
on Madison's part in framing constitution, 240;
his estimate of John Marshall, 241.
Fitzhugh, William Henry, extract from his will emancipating slaves, 111.
Floyd, John, joint author, with Mercer, of Act of 1819, in opposition
to African slave trade, 36.
Forts, Federal jurisdiction over, in seceding states, 271.
Free discussion, lack of, in Virginia, hinders emancipation, 172;
causes, which restrained it, in Virginia, 172-178.
Free negroes, number in Virginia at close of Revolution, 42;
rapid increase of, under statutes permitting emancipations, 42;
compelled to leave state within twelve months after emancipation, 43;
their handicap in slave communities, 161;
their treatment at the North, prior to 1860, 160;
statutes of various Northern States restrict them from becoming
residents thereof, 168-170;
dread of their presence, as residents, on the part of Northern
people, 170, 171.
Fugitives from justice, provision of constitution referring to, 195;
decision of Supreme Court construing same, 208.
Fugitive slaves, their owners could gain nothing by Virginia's
secession, 209.
Fugitive Slave Law, of 1850, among causes of Civil War, 209;
attitude on, of Republican Party, 187-189;
Lincoln, author of a, 188;
provision of constitution referring to, 197;
of 1793, history of its enactment, 199;
of 1850, history of its enactment, 202;
its execution impeded by the Underground Railroad, 200, 201;
declared constitutional by Supreme Court, 203.
Garrison, William Lloyd, his biographer's estimate of status of free
negroes, prior to 1860, 160, 161;
leader of Abolitionists, 211;
disunion sentiments of, 213-215;
denounces Webster, 216;
his estimate of Longfellow's Ode to the Union, 217;
his eulogy of John Brown, 218;
an apologist for slave insurrections, 218;
applauds South Carolina's secession, 221.
Georgia, requisition of Governor of, upon Governor of Maine for return
of fugitives from justice, denied, 207.
Gilmer, Francis W., anti-slavery sentiment of, 88.
Gist, Samuel, colonization of his ex-slaves in Ohio, 66.
Gladstone, William E., his estimate of the unjustifiable attitude of
the North, 291.
Goode, John, a leader of the Secessionists in Virginia Convention,
1861, 254.
Greeley, Horace, declares right of Cotton States to secede, 291.
Green, J. R., declares Virginia first to formally deny right of Great
Britain to tax colonies, 238.
Harrison, Jesse Burton, his estimate of Virginia's poverty in 1832,
induced by slavery, 131, 132.
Hart, A. B., on the practice of buying and selling slaves, note 2, 152;
on number of slaveholders in the Southern States, 153;
his estimate of Underground Railroad, 201.
Harvie, Lewis E., a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia Convention,
1861, 254.
Hawes, Aylette, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 110.
Henderson, G. F. R., on Virginia's loyalty, 211;
on the propriety of Virginia's secession, 278.
Henry, Patrick, anti-slavery sentiments of, 83.
Herndon, Thaddeus, sends ex-slaves to Liberia, 71.
Herndon, Traverse, sends ex-slaves to Liberia, 71;
extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 119.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, a leader of Abolitionists, 214.
Hill, A. P., never owned a slave, 156.
Hill, Joseph, extract from deed, emancipating his slaves, 104.
Holcombe, James P., a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia Convention,
1861, 254.
Howison, R. R., anti-slavery sentiments of, 98, 99;
his estimate of Virginia's poverty, 1848, induced by slavery, 134.
Illinois, denies free negroes' right to become residents of, 1853, 169.
Indiana, denies free negroes' right to become residents of, 1851, 169.
Jackson, Stonewall, owned one slave at time of war, 155.
Janney, John, extract from his speech in Virginia Convention of 1861,
243, 254;
a leader of the Union men, Virginia Convention, 1861, 255;
extract from his speech notifying Lee of his appointment as chief of
Virginia's militia, 297.
Jefferson, Thomas, on arraignment of slave trade in original draft of
Declaration of Independence, 19;
records reason for omitting clause against slave trade in Declaration
of Independence, 20;
his lament at defeat of clause restricting slavery in Ordinance of
1784, 27;
urges Congress to prohibit importation of slaves, 34;
originates idea of negro colonization, 60;
efforts, as President, to promote same, 60;
on necessity of negro colonization, 75, 76;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 86;
on political difficulties of emancipation in Virginia, 162;
on beneficial results of diffusing slaves through the territories,
185.
Jennings, William D., extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 119.
Johnston, Joseph E., never owned a slave, 156.
Key, Francis Scott, prominent in organizing American Colonization
Society, 61.
Lee, Fitzhugh, never owned a slave, 156.
Lee, Mary Custis, extract from her letter deploring the war, 296.
Lee, Richard Henry, anti-slavery sentiments of, 82.
Lee, Robert E., anti-slavery sentiments of, 100, 101;
owned no slaves at time of war, 155;
declares disunion an aggravation of the ills of the South, 223;
denies constitutionality of secession, 288;
denies ethical right of coercion, 288;
his sorrow at disunion, 296.
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, anti-slavery sentiments of, 89.
Letcher, John, extract from his message as Governor of Virginia,
January, 1861, 244;
extract from reply to requisition of Secretary of War for Virginia's
quota of troops, 278.
Liberia, circumstances attending its establishment as a negro colony,
62, 63.
Lightfoot, Philip, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 120.
Lincoln, Abraham, on slavery as defined in first inaugural, 6 and 15;
on adverse influence of Abolitionists, 53-55;
on emancipation and colonization of negroes, 79-81;
on amalgamation of blacks and whites and on their racial inequality,
166;
his reference to the dread of Northern people to receive free
negroes, 171;
author of bill containing fugitive slave clause, 188;
on fugitive slaves as expressed in first inaugural, 189;
letter to Alexander H. Stephens regarding interference with slavery,
191;
position as to proposed amendment of constitution regarding
protection of slavery, 1861, 193;
not an Abolitionist, 195;
on John Brown's Raid, 195;
explanation of his expression "Government cannot endure half slave
and half free," 196;
on the effect and character of his Emancipation Proclamations, 227;
patriotism and literary beauty of first inaugural, 259;
regards Union as unbroken by secession, 259;
his declaration of policy, 260;
reply to Virginia Commissioners, April 13, 1861, 274 and 275;
his call for 75,000 troops, April 15, 1861, 275;
requests, March 15, 1861, his cabinet officers' opinions, as to
propriety of provisioning Fort Sumter, 280;
requests their further opinion, March 29, 284;
on right of revolution, 290;
on legal and ethical rights of coercion, 293.
Lunt, George, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon
anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 57;
on John Brown's Raid, 177;
on effect of personal liberty laws, 206.
Madison, James, opposes clause in constitution, permitting African
slave trade, 31;
his efforts to impose tariff tax on importation of slaves, 33;
messages, as President, opposing African slave trade, 35;
third President of American Colonization Society, 62;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 90;
declares disunion a menace to slavery, 222;
heads delegation from Virginia to Annapolis Convention, 1786, 238;
his great part in framing constitution, 240.
Marshall, John, first President of Colonization Society of Virginia, 64;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 88.
Marshall, Thomas, a leader in anti-slavery party in Virginia
Legislature, 1832, 46;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 92;
his estimate of injurious effects of slavery upon prosperity of
Virginia, 129, 130.
Maryland, ratifies proposed amendment to constitution, 1861, protecting
slavery, 192.
Mason, George, his speech against clause in constitution permitting
African slave trade, 30;
Virginia's statue to his fame, 31;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 84.
Maury, Matthew F., anti-slavery sentiments of, 99;
never owned but one slave, 156;
his reference to coercion as cause of Virginia's secession, 266;
extract from his letter regarding the approaching war, 297.
McDowell, James, a leader in anti-slavery party, in Virginia
Legislature, 1832, 46;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 93;
his estimate of injurious effects of slavery, 131;
on racial problems, 163;
declares disunion a menace to slavery, 222.
McGuire, Hunter, his estimate of number of slaveholders in the
Stonewall Brigade, 155.
McMaster, J. B., his estimate of condition of free negroes, 160.
Meade, William, anti-slavery sentiments of, 100;
extract from deed, emancipating a slave, 115;
his estimate of injury to Virginia's prosperity, induced by slavery,
135.
Mercer, Charles Fenton, author of law against African slave trade, 36;
of resolution denouncing African slave trade as piracy, 36;
his remarks in Congress, supporting resolution, 36, 37;
his visits to the Old World, seeking co-operation, 37;
prominent in organizing American Colonization Society, 61;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 98.
Mercer, Margaret, her letter to Gerrit Smith regarding Abolitionists,
175.
Mills, Samuel J., his visit to Africa, regarding establishing Colony of
Liberia, 62.
Missouri Compromise, its enactment and repeal among causes of Civil
War, 4;
provision of, restricting rights of slaveholders in territories, 180;
declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, 183.
Monroe, James, message to Congress on Right of Search, 37;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 89.
Montague, Robert L., a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia
Convention, 1861, 254.
Moorman, Charles, extract from deed emancipating his slaves, 104.
Morton, Jeremiah, a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia Convention,
1861, 254.
Muschett, Louisa, extract from will, emancipating her slaves, 122.
Negroes, what should be their status under freedom, 162.
Negro trader, the odium attaching to, in Virginia, 101, 141, 142.
Nevada, organized as a territory, 1861, without prohibition as to
slavery, 186.
New Jersey, deprives negroes of suffrage, 1807, 168.
New York, requires higher property qualification for suffrage of
negroes than for whites, 1821, 168.
Nicolay and Hay, on reasons for omitting anti-slavery clause in
Declaration of Independence, 20;
on reasons for Virginia's secession, 138.
North Carolina, secedes because of President Lincoln's call for troops,
226.
Northern States, hostile attitude of certain of, regarding fugitive
slave law, 197-209;
reactionary influence of certain of, upon sentiment in Virginia, 207.
Ohio, denies free negroes right to become residents of, 168;
ratifies amendment proposed to constitution, 1861, protecting
slavery, 192;
Governor of, refuses to honor requisition of Governor of Kentucky for
return of fugitives from justice, 208.
Ordinances, of 1784 and 1787—Virginia's part in their enactment, 26, 27.
Ordinance of Secession, adopted by Virginia Convention, April 17, 1861,
277;
ratified by the people May 23, 1861, 277.
Oregon, denies free negroes right to become residents of, 170.
Parker, Josiah, his efforts to impose tariff tax on importation of
slaves, 33.
Parker, Theodore, his denunciations of Federal judges and officials,
216;
eulogizes John Brown, 218;
an apologist of slave insurrection, 218.
Pennsylvania, deprives negroes of suffrage, 1838, 168.
"Personal Liberty Laws," their enactment by various Northern States,
202.
Peyton, Martha E., extract from will, emancipating her slaves, 110.
Phillips, Wendell, leader of Abolitionists, 211;
disunion sentiments of, 213;
denounces Webster and Lincoln, 216;
eulogizes John Brown, 218;
an apologist of slave insurrection, 218;
hails secession of Southern States, 221;
declares emancipation child of civil convulsions, 224 and 225;
denies the right of Federal Government to coerce Cotton States, 293.
Preston, Francis, extract from deed emancipating a slave, 105.
Preston, William Ballard, a leader of anti-slavery party in Virginia
Legislature of 1832, 46;
one of Committee from Virginia Convention, to wait upon Lincoln, 273.
Proclamations, President Lincoln's, for emancipation, 226 and 227;
President Lincoln's, calling for troops, 275.
Pro-slavery, growth of sentiment for, in Virginia, 49.
Randolph, Edmund, opposes clause in constitution, permitting the
African slave trade, 31.
Randolph, George W., one of Committee from Virginia Convention, to wait
upon President Lincoln, 273.
Randolph, John of Roanoke, colonization of his ex-slaves in Ohio, 68;
extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 111;
his characterization of slavery, 173.
Randolph, Richard Jr., extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 106.
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, a leader of anti-slavery party in Virginia
Legislature, 1832, 46;
on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon anti-slavery sentiment
in Virginia, 51;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 95;
records the growth of anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia since the
Revolution, 143.
Rebellion, characteristics of a, 2.
Relief Squadron, its expedition to Fort Sumter, 276.
Representation, basis of, in Virginia, 145, 172.
Republic, ideals of, 242.
Republican Party, attitude of, regarding slavery in the territories, as
declared in their platform, 183, 186;
abandons in Congress, 1861, their position, 186;
position of, regarding Fugitive Slave Law, 187, 188;
position of, regarding slavery in Southern States, 190, 193.
Revolution, characteristics of a, 2.
Rhodes, James Ford, estimate of Lee and the motives which impelled him
to fight with Virginia, 140;
on Virginia's effort to save the Union, 244;
his estimate of significance of Peace Conference, 247;
on result of Virginia election, February, 1861, 253;
his estimate of anti-coercion sentiment in Virginia and other Border
States, 285.
Rhode Island, alone repeals "personal liberty law," 206.
Right of Revolution, held by Virginia people, 286;
as defined by Jefferson Davis, 287;
as defined by Abraham Lincoln, 290.
Rives, William C., anti-slavery sentiment of, 97, 98;
on racial problem, 163;
a delegate from Virginia to Peace Conference, 246;
extract from his speech in Peace Conference, 248.
Roosevelt, Theodore, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists, upon
anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 58;
estimate of Robert E. Lee and his soldiers, 140.
Ruffner, Henry, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon
anti-slavery sentiments in Virginia, 52;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 99;
his estimate of injurious effect of slavery upon Virginia's
prosperity, 132.
Russell, W. H., his opinion as to lack of settled policy in Federal
administration, March, 1861, 274.
Sanders, Sampson, colonization of his ex-slaves in Michigan, 69;
extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 118.
Schouler, James, on disunion sentiments of Abolitionist leaders, 214.
Secession, advocates of, in Virginia, 10;
status of controversy regarding slavery at time of Virginia's,
190-196;
no cure for Virginia's grievances against Abolitionists, 211;
Virginia's would menace slavery, 227, 228;
contests in Virginia's Convention, for and against, 265-274;
Virginia's Convention defeats, 268;
President Lincoln's call for troops impels Virginia to, 277;
Robert E. Lee denies constitutional right of, 288;
William C. Rives condemns, of States, 288;
how Virginia regarded, 295.
Seddon, James A., a delegate from Virginia to Peace Conference, 246.
Seward, William H., on negro problem, 165;
on election in Virginia, 1861, 252;
his opinion as to lack of settled policy in Federal administration,
April, 1861, 274;
his replies as Secretary of State to President Lincoln's request for
opinions as to provisioning Fort Sumter, 280-283;
his official communication to American minister to Great Britain,
April, 1861, defining position of the President, 293.
Seys, Rev. John, his account of departure of Herndon's slaves for
Liberia, 71-73.
Sherman, William T., on the negro problem, 165.
Sheffey, James W., extract from speech in Virginia Convention, 1861, on
coercion, 266.
Slaughter, Rev. Philip, his estimate of anti-slavery sentiment in
Virginia, 1831, 43 and 143.
Slaves, their first importation, 16;
rate of their importation, 16;
their number in Virginia, 1776, 24;
efforts of Virginians in First Congress to impose tariff tax on
importation of, 33;
affection of, for masters, 70-73;
transferred from Virginia to other states, 147;
sale of, by Virginia owners and traders, 147;
practice of buying and selling, reviewed by William Henry Smith, 148;
injury to certain classes of, by untimely emancipation, 159.
Slavery, foremost among the causes of the Civil War, 3;
Virginia's colonial record regarding, 15-24;
earliest introduction of, 1619, 16;
opposition to, of Colonel William Byrd, 1736, 16, note 4;
statutes restraining increase of, defeated by King George, 18;
anti-slavery position of Virginia declared, 18-24;
its exclusion from the Northwest Territory, 26-28;
statutes ameliorating conditions of, 41-44;
growth and culmination of sentiment opposing, 43, 44;
movement in General Assembly 1832, to abolish, 45-48;
growth in sentiment favoring, 49;
patriarchal character of, 101;
injurious effects of, upon prosperity of Virginia, 127-137;
unprofitable character of, in Virginia, 127;
difficulties of abolishing, 157-180;
causes militating against free discussion of, in Virginia, 172-179;
status of controversy regarding, 1860, 182-189;
promises of President Lincoln to respect the institution of, 190, 191;
its integrity in Southern States pledged by Republican platform,
1861, 190;
Virginia's secession not impelled by fear of legislation against, 191;
amendment to constitution proposed by Congress, safeguarding the
institution of, 192;
resolutions of Congress, pledging protection to, 1861, 191;
the most potent factor in precipitating the war, 228;
an unconstitutional assault upon, would have justified Virginia's
resistance, 228;
Virginia's attitude towards, in territories, 269.
Slaveholders, legal rights of, embarrass emancipation, 177.
Smith, Caleb B., his replies as Secretary of Interior, to President
Lincoln's request for opinions as to provisioning Fort Sumter, 281,
284.
Smith, John, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 109.
Smith, William, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 121.
Smith, William Henry, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon
anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 58;
his review of the practice of buying and selling slaves, 148.
Southampton County, servile insurrection in, 45.
Stanton, Edwin M., his opinion as to lack of settled policy in Federal
administration, March, 1861, 273.
State Sovereignty, the theory of, 285.
Stephens, Alexander H., his estimate of the significance of the Relief
Squadron's expedition to Fort Sumter, 277.
Stiles, Robert, his estimate of the number of slaveholders among the
members of Richmond Howitzers, 154.
Stuart, Alexander H. H., a leader of the Union men, Virginia
Convention, 1861, 255;
one of committee from Virginia Convention to wait upon President
Lincoln, 273.
Stuart, J. E. B., owned no slaves at time of war, 156.
Suffrage, white manhood, first established in Virginia by constitution
of, 1850-1851, 145.
Summers, George W., declares disunion a menace to slavery, 223;
a delegate from Virginia to Peace Conference, 246;
extract from his speech at same, 248;
a leader of the Union men, Virginia Convention, 1861, 255;
extract from speech on coercion, Virginia Convention, 1861, 263;
extract from letter on effect of suggested evacuation of Fort Sumter,
266.
Sumter, Fort, strategic importance of its occupancy by Federal troops,
272.
Taylor, Zachary, urges Congress to suppress African slave trade, 39.
Tennessee, secedes because of President Lincoln's call for troops, 226.
Territories, right of slaveholders in, a serious problem, 182.
Thom, Cameron E., his account of attempt of John Thom to colonize his
ex-slaves, 73, 74.
Tinsley, Robert, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 122.
Tocqueville, Alexis de, on negro problem in America, 164;
declares Federal Government, founded on consent of states, cannot be
maintained by force, 289.
Tucker, George, his estimate of reactionary influence of Abolitionists
upon anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 51, 52.
Tucker, St. George, anti-slavery sentiments of, 85;
his influence in forming anti-slavery sentiments of Thomas H. Benton,
85, note 117.
Turner, Nat, leads slave insurrection, 1831, 45.
Tyler, Sr., John, anti-slavery sentiments of, 84.
Tyler, John, urges Congress to enact laws suppressing African slave
trade, 38;
anti-slavery sentiments of, 87;
a commissioner from Virginia to the President of the United States,
1861, 246;
a delegate from Virginia to the Peace Conference, 1861, 246;
an extract from his speech, as President of Peace Conference, 248.
"Underground Railroad," The, its origin and the character of its
operations, 200, 201.
Virginia, diversity of sentiment in, 10;
attitude of dominant element in, regarding slavery and secession, 10,
11;
her opposition to coercion and grounds therefor, 11;
right of self-government, basis of her position, 12;
her Colonial record regarding slavery, 15-24;
her efforts to restrain increase of slavery defeated by Great
Britain, 17, 18;
petition of her House of Burgesses, 1772, to King George, against
African slave trade, 18;
her opposition to African slave trade declared, by Mr. Jefferson, in
the original Declaration of Independence, 19;
her opposition to African slave trade voiced in county meetings, 21;
resolutions of her Colonial Convention against importation of slaves,
21;
her anti-slavery position defined, 1774, in Continental Congress, 21,
22;
her efforts to enforce the agreements for the non-importation of
slaves, 22;
her Constitution and Bill of Rights, 1776, antagonistic to slavery,
22, 23;
Mr. Bancroft's estimate of her Bill of Rights, 23;
number of slaves in, at outbreak of the Revolution, 24;
her statute abolishing African slave trade, 1778, 25;
her cession of Northwest Territory to Federal Government, 26, 28;
her part in adopting Ordinance of 1787, 27, 28;
Mr. Bancroft's estimate of, 27;
her General Assembly confirms Deed and Ordinance, 1789, 28;
her opposition to clause of constitution permitting foreign slave
trade, 29, 31;
her continued efforts to restrain African slave trade, 33-40;
her statutes—1782,—permitting slaveholders to emancipate their
slaves, 41;
of 1788—punishing with death for enslavement of child of free blacks,
41;
of 1795—according slaves process of law without costs in proceedings
affecting their freedom, 42;
of 1803—requiring county authorities to keep registers, showing
negroes entitled to liberty, 42;
number of her free negroes, in 1810, 42;
her Act of 1806, requiring emancipated slaves to leave state, 42;
growth and culmination, in 1831, of her anti-slavery sentiments, 43;
reactionary effect, upon her anti-slavery sentiment of Nat Turner
insurrection, the Abolitionists and the failure of her General
Assembly, 1832, to abolish slavery or to remove free negroes, 43,
44;
movement in her General Assembly, 1832—to abolish slavery, 45-48;
her growth in pro-slavery sentiment, 48-56;
reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon her anti-slavery
sentiment, 51-59;
her efforts in aid of negro colonization, 60-65;
her attitude towards emancipation, 75;
her record regarding slavery, as reviewed by St. George Tucker, 85;
public opinion in, ameliorates hardships of slavery, 101;
instances of emancipations in, 103;
small number of slaveholders in, 124;
injurious effects of slavery upon, 127-137;
her attitude towards custom of buying and selling slaves, 138-152;
constitutional requirements in, regarding voting and apportionment of
representation, 144, 145;
colonists from, to Liberia, 152;
small number of slaveholders among her soldiers, 153-155;
causes militating against free discussion of slavery in, 172-180;
her electoral vote in 1860, cast for Union candidates, 179;
her secession not impelled by fear of adverse slavery legislation,
191;
effect of "personal liberty laws" and "Underground Railroad" upon
people of, 200, 201;
requisition of Governor of, upon Governor of New York for fugitive
from justice denied, 207;
her people appreciated the danger to slavery resulting from
secession, 222-224;
attitude of her people unchanged by Emancipation Proclamations, 226,
227;
her part in the Revolution, 233-237;
her part in making the Union, 238-242;
her efforts to maintain peace and preserve the Union, 244;
her people declare for Union, February 4, 1861, 251;
result of election in, for delegates to State Convention, 252;
her action on secession determined by President Lincoln's call for
troops, 256;
her position regarding coercion of Cotton States, 259, 260;
effect of Lincoln's First Inaugural upon members of her Convention,
260;
contests in her Convention for and against secession, 265-273;
report of Committee on Federal Relations, in her Convention, 1861,
fairly expressive of sentiments of majority of her people, 267-269;
her Convention defeats motion to secede April 4, 1861, 268;
her attitude regarding slavery in territories, 269;
proposes to re-enact inhibition as to slavery, north of 36 degrees 30
minutes by Constitutional Amendment, 269;
call of her Convention upon President Lincoln, for definite
declaration regarding coercion of Cotton States, 273;
reply of President Lincoln to her Convention, 274;
President Lincoln's call for troops impels her to secede (April 11,
1861), 275, 276;
response of her Governor to call for troops, 278;
sentiments of her people regarding coercion, 285-289;
her people, threatened with war, still adhere to their position on
State Sovereignty, 294;
how her people regarded secession, 295, 296;
predominant characteristics of her people, 298;
her people's stand predetermined, 298.
War—Civil, Characteristics of a, 1.
Ward, Sr., John, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 109.
Ward, John, colonization of his ex-slaves in Ohio, 68.
Warwick, John, colonization of his ex-slaves in Ohio, 69;
extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 117.
Washington, Bushrod, First President of American Colonization Society,
61.
Washington, George, his anti-slavery sentiments, 83;
extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 106;
speech as President of Philadelphia Convention, 1787, 240.
Webb, Thacker V., extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 115.
Webster, Daniel, on reactionary effect of Abolitionists upon
anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 55.
Welles, Gideon E., his replies, as Secretary of the Navy, to President
Lincoln's request for opinions as to provisioning Fort Sumter, 281.
Wickham, Williams C., a leader of Union men, Virginia Convention 1861,
255.
Williams, George W., views of, regarding first importation of slaves,
16;
on forces which secured enactment of clause in constitution,
permitting African slave trade, 30.
Wilson, Henry, estimate of debate in Virginia Legislature, 1832,
regarding abolition of slavery, 46;
on the effects of Virginia's action regarding secession, 265.
Wisconsin, Supreme Court of, releases prisoner convicted in Federal
Court, 203;
resolutions adopted by General Assembly of 1859 asserting sovereignty
of state, 203.
Wise, Henry A., writes, as Consul, from Rio Janeiro, against African
slave trade, 39;
depicts Virginia's poverty, 1856, 136, 137.
Wolseley, Viscount Lord, on cause for which Lee fought, 12;
estimate of Robert E. Lee, 140.