DARK DAYS.
SEMINARY BROKEN UP IN 1844.--DEACON ISAAC.--PERSECUTION BY MAR
SHIMON.--FUNERAL OF DAUGHTER OF PRIEST ESHCO.--DEACON
GUWERGIS.--ATTEMPT AT ABDUCTION OF PUPIL.--PERIL OF SCHOOL.--MRS.
HARRIET STODDAR.--YAHYA KHAN.--ANARCHY.--LETTER FROM BABILO.
The Nestorian mission has encountered less opposition than other
missions in Western Asia. Yet here, also, they who would live godly in
Christ Jesus have suffered persecution. On June 19th, 1844, the
brothers of Mar Shimon issued this order: "Be it known to you all, ye
readers at Seir, that if ye do not come to us tomorrow, we will
excommunicate you from our most holy church; your finger nails shall be
torn out; we will hunt you from village to village, and kill you if we
can." Miss Fiske was spending the summer there with her pupils, and it
was not deemed best to provoke further trouble by retaining them. When
told of this, they all wept aloud. Nor did they weep alone. Their
teacher, and the family of Mr. Stocking, in which they lived, could not
restrain their tears. It seemed as if the girls would never tear
themselves away from their teacher; and when at length they departed,
again and again the lamentation arose, "We shall never hear the word of
God again." Miss Fiske laid them at the feet of Jesus, trusting that he
would bring them back to her, and others with them. A German Jew, who
was present, said in his broken English, "I have seen much bad to
missionaries in other countries, but nothing bad like this, to take
little children from words of Jesus Christ."
Even Deacon Isaac, a brother of Mar Shimon, who was prominent in the
act, was ashamed of it. On a visit to the school, eight years
afterwards, he asked leave to speak to the pupils, and said, "My young
friends, I want you to do all you can to help your teachers, for I once
troubled Miss Fiske, and it has made my life bitter ever since." Here
the good man broke down, and there was not a dry eye among his hearers;
while he added, "I have vowed before God that I will do all that I can
to help her as long as I live." And all who know him can testify that
he has kept his word, ever since his conversion in 1849. When he first
began to be thoughtful, he heard that one of the pupils was in the
habit of praying for him. He sent for her, and insisted on her praying
with him; and though he was the most intelligent of the Nestorians, and
possessed of rare force of character, and Sarah was more noted for
devotion, than for her mental powers, yet he learned from her in a most
childlike spirit; and that scripture which says, "A little child shall
lead them," found in this case a beautiful illustration.
He has been occasionally employed in the school, and always proved a
very useful and acceptable teacher. When he bade Miss Fiske good-bye,
in 1858, he said, "You may rest assured that I will do all I can for
the women till you come back;" and the next Sabbath found him teaching
a class of adult females. In our favored land, the grace of God has
made it nothing strange for the governor of a state to be a teacher in
the Sabbath school; but one who has not lived in Persia can form no
idea of what it is for a brother of Mar Shimon to teach a class of
women. He has great skill in bringing out the meaning of Scripture, and
is every where exceedingly acceptable as a Bible teacher. Along with
unfeigned piety, he has more real refinement than any of his
countrymen, and few Nestorians can show kindness with such true
delicacy of feeling.
The health of Miss Fiske was so impaired in the spring of 1848, that
she reluctantly yielded to the advice of the mission, and went with Mr.
Stocking to Erzroom, to meet Mr. Cochran and family, then on their way
to Persia. When they returned, they found Mr. Stoddard's health so
seriously affected by long-continued over-exertion, that he only
awaited their arrival to leave for Trebizond. Little did they dream
that it was Mrs. Stoddard's last farewell to the scene of her labors.
Nor was this all. The patriarch Mar Shimon, who had long worn the guise
of friendship, now threw off the mask. He broke up schools in small and
distant villages, and secured the beating of a man by the governor on
the charge of apostasy. The Female Seminary was honored with his
special anathema. "Has Miss Fiske taught you this?" was his frequent
demand of those who fell into his hands, followed by such reviling as
only an Oriental could pour forth.
On the morning of July 28th, the infant daughter of Priest Eshoo, named
Sarah, after her sainted sister, lay on her death bed; and to punish
her father for his preaching, Mar Shimon forbade her burial in the
Nestorian graveyard. He collected a mob ready to do his bidding as soon
as she should die; but she lingered on, and so disappointed him for
that day. Next day she died, and at once he anathematized all who
should assist in her burial. A pious carpenter, however, forced his way
through the mob, and made her coffin. He remained steadfast throughout
the storm, replying to every dissuasion of his friends, "I must go
forward, even to the shedding of my blood."
The missionaries appealed to a former governor, who owned that part of
the city, for leave to bury in the cemetery used by the Nestorians from
time immemorial; but the patriarch paid no attention to his messages,
and the child remained unburied. Miss Fiske wrote, "As we look out on
this troubled sea, and sympathize with these afflicted parents, we love
to look up and think of the dear child as sweetly resting on the bosom
of the Saviour. May the Sabbath bring us a foretaste of heavenly rest."
But it found them still "where storms arise and ocean rolls." The
governor sent men to demand the digging of a grave, which the mob would
not allow. Meanwhile, the profligate Mar Gabriel craftily suggested
that a promise from the priest not to preach any more, might end the
trouble. "Never," was the prompt reply. "Let my dead remain unburied,
but I will not go back from the service of the Lord." This so enraged
the patriarch, that, for the sake of peace, the governor advised to
bury the body in one of the villages. The sorrowing parents then locked
their house, and leaving their babe alone in its slumbers, went to the
chapel. There they found comfort from a sermon on the text, "Through
much tribulation we must enter into the kingdom of God." About twenty
men returned with them to the house. Then one bearing the little coffin
went before; the rest followed, singing the forty-sixth Psalm. Even
Moslems gazed with wonder, as they passed close by the door of the
patriarch, and went out of the city gate. The engraving (page 154)
gives a very good representation of this gate. On the green hill-side
at Seir the little one was laid to rest, and the father, thanking the
company for their kindness, hastened them back, to be in time for the
afternoon service.
In the mean time, Mar Shimon sent far and near, forbidding all
intercourse with the missionaries. At Geog Tapa, in the absence of the
Malis, he ordered an old man, who formerly held that office, to summon
the people before him. Only a few vagrants obeyed, and these he
commanded to break up the schools, and prevent preaching in the church.
So, that evening, when John commenced preaching, they proceeded to
execute their orders; but, afraid to face the determined people, they
deferred the attack till the hearers passed out; and then, like stanch
old Puritans, hardly noticing them, the congregation wended their way
homewards, singing psalms as they went.
[Illustration: SEIR GATE, OROOMIAH]
The patriarch now excommunicated Mar Yohanan, and made common cause
with the French Lazarists. He even wrote a fraternal epistle to the
pope, ready for any thing, if he could only crush the mission. His
attendants marched about the mission premises with loud threats; pious
Nestorians were knocked down in the streets; while his brother Isaac
went to a distant village, to show that he had no sympathy with such
iniquity.
Soon after, the carpenter who made the coffin was severely beaten by
his own father for attending a prayer meeting. As the blows fell thick
and fast, he cried, "Must this come from my own father?" But he
remained firm, and next day went to the chapel pale and weak, but
filled with holy joy.
Deacon Guwergis, prevented from going to the mountains,--for the Koords
sided with Mar Shimon,--fearlessly encountered the revilings of the
patriarch in his own house, and told him that he hoped to continue
preaching till he died. His countenance must have shone like Stephen's,
for his persecutor said to one of the attendants, "See how his face
glistens. If he is so bold here, what will he be in the mountains?"
Well might a missionary write, "What a blessing are such men! The sight
of them is worth ten thousand times the sacrifices made by us all."
Though this was vacation, fifteen of the pupils remained in the
Seminary for protection during the storm; yet even there they were not
wholly safe. On the 25th of August, a messenger came in haste for one
of them, saying that her dying brother wished to see her immediately.
As the man was her relative, the girl was ready to go at once; but
providentially Miss Fiske learned that the brother was well, and the
messenger had been seen last with Mar Shimon. So he left, chagrined and
enraged at his failure. The patriarch had told him to be sure and hide
his purpose from that Satan, Miss Fiske, and in case of failure, to
take the girl by force. But the teacher had had some experience in
guarding her fold, and both she and her pupil were thankful for the
deliverance. Next day, Mar Shimon forbade preaching in Geog Tapa; but
if the church was closed, the house-tops remained open. The same day,
the school in Vizierawa was repeatedly dispersed, but each time
reassembled by the teacher.
The 28th of this month was such a day as the mission had never seen
before. In the forenoon, the teacher from Charbash fled wounded from
the servants of Mar Shimon to the mission premises. Scarcely had he
entered, when his brother came in, having escaped from similar
violence. The Moslem owner of the village had to put a stop to the
tearing down of their house.
Miss Fiske and Miss Rice had just sat down to dinner with the school,
when the cry, "A man is killed!" was followed by a rush from all parts
of the yard. A mob at the gate was trying to break in and seize the
native helpers. Mar Yohanan was wounded, and all was confusion. The
teachers exhorted their little flock not to count their lives dear to
them, for Jesus' sake. Happily, they were not called to such a test of
discipleship; but the sympathies of the Moslems were plainly with Mar
Shimon, and no one knew what a day might bring forth. That tried friend
of the mission, E.W. Stevens, Esq., English consul at Tabreez, feared
lest the missionaries should fall by the hand of violence. Miss Fiske
writes, "Our native friends will doubtless suffer much, and we rejoice
to share with them. We hope that fears on our account will not be
realized. Still there is danger; and we try to be ready for life or
death, as our Father sees best. Though in a land of violence, we are
not unhappy; we trust in God, and hope this vine is being pruned that
it may bring forth more fruit. We would have all the gracious designs
of God fulfilled, even though we should be cast down."
The same day came tidings of the death of Mrs. Stoddard, at Trebizond,
and Miss Fiske wrote that night an account of it to her former teacher,
at South Hadley, adding, "Precious sister: she died far away; but my
Father knows why I might not stand by that dying bed, and I would
submit, though my heart bleeds. _Our_ homes are sad to-night, and there
is many a weeping eye among those for whom she toiled so faithfully.
From my first acquaintance with her, she has been to me all that mortal
could be. Her heart was tenderly alive to the spiritual interests of
the dear Nestorians; and to them she devoted all her powers. It was she
who first taught their daughters to sing the songs of Zion. Few,
probably, have accomplished so much in so short a life. Her family, the
mission, the Seminary, and all about us, shared in her untiring labors.
As truly as of dear Mrs. Grant may it be said of her, 'She hath done
what she could.'
"Like Mrs. Grant, she was the youngest member of the mission at the
time of her death. When she left her native land, some almost regretted
that so frail a flower should go forth to encounter the hardships of
missionary life; but she did much, and did it well. The Seminary in
Seir still bears the impress she stamped upon it. Her memory is not
only fragrant today among the Nestorians, but it draws them nearer to
Christ, and renders them more efficient in his service."
Mar Shimon now made common cause with the Persian nobility. The English
and Russian ambassadors had procured the appointment of Dawood Khan as
governor of the Christians in Oroomiah, in order to protect them from
illegal oppression. The nobility of course opposed this; and Mar
Shimon, by promising his aid in the removal of the protector of his own
people, secured their cooperation in his wickedness. The converts were
now insulted at every turn. They could hardly appear in the street, and
the authorities afforded no redress. The missionaries had no earthly
friend nearer than Mr. Stevens at Tabreez, who did all he could for
them; and the pious natives felt shut up to God as their only refuge.
Yahya Khan, the governor of the province, now wrote urging on Mar
Shimon, and ordered his agent in Oroomiah to aid him to the utmost of
his power. As Yahya Khan was brother-in-law to the king, he was able to
do the mission much harm at the court; and the patriarch, encouraged by
such a coadjutor, set himself with renewed zeal to destroy it; but in
September, the prince royal summoned him to Tabreez, and the nobility
hardly daring to resist the order, he was reluctantly preparing to
comply, when news came of the death of the shah, and all was confusion.
The missionaries had been praying for help against their dreaded enemy,
Yahya Khan, and lo! his power to harm them perished with his master.
The night after the news reached Oroomiah, anarchy reigned, and all
kinds of crime abounded. Five men were killed near the mission
premises, and the firing of guns was heard all night long; but though
outside were robberies and murders, within that enclosure all was
peace. Though its inmates knew that the fanatical population would
gladly stone them, yet they felt it a privilege to labor on under the
care of the Keeper of Israel.
In Persia, no king, no government; so besides this anarchy in the city,
the Koords came down and plundered many villages, burning the houses
and driving the people for shelter to Oroomiah. These strokes fell most
heavily on the Moslems, many of whom were robbers themselves. The fear
of an attack on Seir was at one time so great, that the ladies were
sent off, and the gentlemen remained alone to guard the mission
premises; but both in Seir and the city the houses of the missionaries
were thronged by multitudes seeking relief, and each approaching
footstep announced some new tale of woe.
Mar Shimon, after the death of the king, prudently retired into Turkey,
and his servants were put under bonds to keep the peace. The Koords,
however, drove him back, later in the season, but stripped of his power
to persecute. It may sound like the close of a tale of fiction to add,
that the next time Miss Fiske met the patriarch was in Gawar, August,
1851, when he rode up to the tents of the missionaries to inquire after
their health, before he went to his own. He staid an hour and a half,
appearing more free and social than ever before; and when they returned
his visit, he came out of his tent to meet them, and treated them with
unusual respect, saying, in the course of the interview, "I fear that
Miss Fiske is not happy here: she does not look well." On being assured
that she was both well and happy, he said to his attendants, "This lady
is happy only as she has a number of Nestorian girls around her, eating
care[1] for them, teaching and doing them good." So, when our ways
please the Lord, he maketh even our enemies to be at peace with us.
[Footnote: This is the Nestorian idiom. We say, "taking care of them."]
Babilo, the carpenter, who made the coffin for the child of Priest
Eshoo, was taught to read by the younger girls in the Seminary after
school hours, and thus writes to Miss Fiske, November 20th, 1859:--
"I remember how, thirteen years ago, in that trouble with Mar Shimon,
when my father beat me for attending meeting, and men despitefully used
me, dear Mr. Stocking and you comforted me in the great room. I shall
never forget your love. Give my love to your dear mother, who so loved
us that she willingly gave you to the Lord, as Hannah did Samuel.
"If you inquire about my work in the city Sabbath school,--I teach a
class of ten women; three of them, I trust, are Christians. When I read
your letter to them they greatly rejoiced. I reminded them of the
meetings you used to have for them in your room, and their eyes filled
with tears. In the afternoon I went to Charbash, and read your letter
to the eighteen women in my class there. They, too, were very glad.
Five of them, I trust, are Christians. We are now studying Second
Timothy. After the lesson, I question them on Old Testament history;
and then I teach the women and their children to sing."