_Apparatus is another name for machinery_ but it also carries the
particular meaning of a complete collection of instruments or devices
prepared for a particular use, hence, _hydraulic apparatus_ may be said
to include very many combinations of machines to utilize the pressure
or weight of water.
A number of these devices are illustrated in the succeeding pages. It
were vain to attempt to describe all.
Knight in his Mechanical Dictionary has grouped some six hundred
and seventy five terms and names under the heading of “Hydraulic
Engineering and Devices.” In the note are given some terms, the
definition of which the student may, perhaps, look up; thus: Gyle (the
first term given) is a large cistern or vat. The liquor gyle in a
brewery is the water-vat or _gyle-tun_.
_Hydraulic apparatus has been developed mainly from two sources._ The
“cut and try” method, which of course was the first and second from
scientific calculations, based upon both the experiments and upon the
mathematics of hydraulics.
It is difficult at this date to say to which procedure the world is
the most indebted, but it is plainly discernable that the two methods
have been necessary as a check upon each other. Untold thousands of
practical experiments and an almost equal number of tables, rules and
calculations have been made. The result has been that out of many
failures the point of economy and efficiency, aimed at, of hydraulic
apparatus is well defined.
NOTE.—_Terms relating to hydraulics named by Edward H. Knight, Civil
and Mechanical Engineer, as above._ Gyle; Sluice Valve; The Sough;
Stade; Worm-safe; Weel; Water-twist; Water-lute; Water-gilding;
Vineficatur; Tun; Tide-lock; Tail-bag; Swash-bank; Sump; Stop-plank;
Sterhydraulic apparatus; Staith; Rip-rap; Quay; Puffer; Psychrometer;
Levee; Leam; Leach; Land tank; Kiddle; Kimelin; Keir; Jetty;
Invert Burette; Hydraulic Blower, etc. Some of these terms go “way
back,” and the above are a specimen only of the 675 headings.
[Illustration: FIG. 137.