Again, as to a comparison between the exhibits of woman's work

at previous expositions and at the one held in St. Louis; as I

have visited nearly all since that of the Centennial, I think

that no one could fail to note the fairer estimate put on

woman's work at the, recent exposition than was ever before

granted. From the days of the childhood of the race to the

present time it has always been impossible to draw a hard and

fast line between the labors of men and those of women, their

work has continually interchanged and overlapped. What has been

woman's work in one age has become man's in another. The history

of textile industries is a well known case in point. Such being

the fact, it is in keeping with the truth of the past and the

present time, not to attempt to exhibit separately that which

has always been interwoven.

In anthropology the number of women students is small, but the

work accomplished by these few has been creditable, and has

received its due recognition.

The Indian school exhibit came under the Department of

Anthropology, and several women received awards for special

accomplishments.

Looking over the field of woman's work as presented at the St.

Louis Exposition, one is convinced of the growth of a healthful

recognition of her labors in the upbuilding of social life, both

in the ideal and the practical, and can not fail to note the

uses to which she is putting the widening opportunities for her

higher education.

Group 127, Mrs. Alice Palmer Henderson, of Tacoma, Wash., Juror.

Under the group heading "Ethnology" there was but one class,

representing illustration of the growth of culture; the origin

and development of arts and industries; ceremonies, religious

rites, and games; social and domestic manners and customs;

languages and origin of writing.

Mrs. Henderson says:

In the Department of Anthropology in the Louisiana Purchase

Exposition there were but few individual exhibits, those being

principally in the section of history. Women have always been

the chief heralds of family and conservators of family records

and relics. The Daughters of the Revolution have stimulated

research, restoration, and preservation along historical lines.

For the first time in exposition management a department of

history had its own commissioner and that commissioner was a

woman. Miss Hayward justified this decidedly new step by her

services. I think I am right in asserting that she was the first

woman commissioner on the board of any international

exposition.[A] The section of history was part of the Department

of Anthropology.

[Footnote A: Mrs. Potter Palmer and Mrs. Daniel Manning were

appointed by President McKinley to serve as commissioners at the

Paris Exposition, 1900.]

New, too, was representation on the jury of anthropology of

workers in Indian affairs, as represented in the model Indian

school, containing, as it did, so large a proportion of women's

work in exhibits from different tribes and sections of the

country, and of the suggested work of the white woman teachers.

Of these latter was the juror, Miss Peters, of the domestic

science department. Advancement along these lines since the

Columbian Exposition is undoubted, except in the matter of such

Indian arts as basketry and rug making. If there be any reason

for the existence of a raffia basket in hideous aniline hues it

doth not yet appear. I think this bastard has usurped the place

of the Indians' beautiful art of long descent, and it is

distressing. White teachers who presume to instruct the Indians

in basket making, or who substitute hairpin lace and the like,

have much to answer for.

I noted no particular advance in anthropology among women since

the Columbian Exposition, when I served upon the same jury in

the same distinguished company--Mrs. Zelia Nuttall and Miss

Alice Fletcher. In other more tangible departments, so to speak,

and at other expositions, I have noted a steady advance in

woman's work and in the spread of her domain. The time has long

past when it should be segregated, as kindergarten efforts are

from regular school work.

I recall no anthropological exhibit by foreign women at the

Louisiana Purchase Exposition. In fact, American women

undoubtedly lead in such study, investigation, exploration, and

publication. In their own country the opportunity is great,

especially in ethnology, because of the thousands of barbarous

people among us and savages upon our borders. Tribes still in

the stone age are our actual contemporaries. Women, quick to

grasp, able to ingratiate themselves, are peculiarly fitted to

gather the folklore of the Indians, their songs and myths and

ceremonials--weird, rich, beautiful as those of the ancient

Greeks. Miss Fletcher, who at St. Louis served upon the section

of psychometry, has done much for both ethnology and the coming

school of American music in rescuing and preserving the Indian

songs.

What has been accomplished in archaeology by women was best

exhibited in the attainments, translations, and publications of

another member of the jury of anthropology, Mrs. Zelia Nuttall,

as well known in Europe as in this country. Woman's acknowledged

intuition, patience, and enthusiasm are factors of great value

in the problem of reducing to one common denominator the life

and works of bygone man from his archeological remains.

It seems to me of great importance to emphasize the work of

women at such expositions. What woman has done, woman can do, is

an invaluable suggestion borne in upon many minds of latent

possibilities which, developed, might greatly benefit humanity.

The most important exhibits at any great exposition are never

seen, only felt.

Miss Cora Peters, Department of the Interior, United States Indian

Service, Chilocco, Okla., as mentioned by Mrs. Henderson, also served in

this Department, and briefly says:

I have not been able to give very definite replies as I had so

little time to investigate the work. I served on the section of

Indian education, and the work of the women was usually better

than that of the men, and in every case they were more

persistent in their efforts. It seems to me that there are more

opportunities open to women along educational lines, especially

that of domestic economy. The extent of women's influence in the

home will never be known, so I am very glad that at present

there is a great interest taken in that subject.

Miss Peters further says that the nature of the exhibits was

historical, such as those by the Daughters of the American

Revolution of Indian relics, and the exhibit in the Alaska

Building, the latter being the most striking exhibit in the

department. The women had more displays than men, and some of

their work was very creditable, and in some cases was as well

appreciated when placed by the side of that of men; that in one

case it might have been more beneficial in result had it been

separately exhibited, but as a whole I think women were given

due consideration. The proportion of the work performed by women

was not as large in proportion as that performed by the men, but

in the Indian section of which I was a juror I think the awards

were about evenly divided. The greater part of the exhibits

consisted of collections of relics, and the exhibits by women

showed great skill and ingenuity, and in nearly every case the

installation of exhibits was considered very good, as was the

taste displayed. Some of them were better than those by men.

Group 128, Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, Cambridge, Mass., Juror.

Under the group heading "Ethnography," the one class represented

races and peoples from earliest man to the present time; tribal

and racial exhibits, showing by means of specimens, groups, and

photographs, the stages of culture reached by different peoples

of various times and under special conditions of environment.

Families, groups, and tribes of living peoples.

Mrs. Nuttall's report in the sections of archæology, ethnology, and

history is as follows:

Exhibits of original work by women in these three sections were

conspicuous by their absence. At the same time the names of

several women figure in the catalogue as collaborators in the

installment of archæological collections. Mrs. Quibbell and Miss

Cox gave valuable assistance in arranging the Egyptian exhibit

from the Museum at Cairo.

Miss Mary Louise Dalton not only helped to install the

archæological and historical specimens belonging to the Missouri

Historical Society, but was also instituted as the custodian of

these exhibits.

It is impossible to overrate the value of the services rendered

to the exposition by the special commissioner for history, Miss

Florence Hayward, who not only secured the special exhibit of

the Queen's jubilee presents, but also the exhibits of the

Louisiana State Historical Society, the historical exhibit of

the city of New Orleans, and several interesting private

collections.

The highest award was given to Miss Hayward, and bronze medals

were assigned to Miss Dalton and to Miss Valentine Smith, the

secretary of the Chicago Historical Society, who installed its

loan exhibition, and likewise lent some documents belonging to

her private collection.

Two women only figured as exhibitors of single ethnological and

archæological objects, but merely as their possessors.

The foregoing facts establish that of the three sections under

consideration (ethnology, archæology, and history) it was in the

section of history that women distinguished themselves most at

the St. Louis exposition. It may perhaps be said that the

activity of women in bringing together and classifying

historical material was a feature of the exposition, and marks

an encouraging stage in the history of women's work in the

United States.

Department O, social economy, Dr. Howard J. Rogers, chief, comprised 13

groups and 58 classes, the board of lady managers receiving

representation in 5 groups.

Group 129, Miss Caroline Griesheimer, Washington, D.C., Juror.

Under the group heading "Study and investigation of social and

economic conditions," the five classes into which it was divided

represented Official bureaus and offices. Private bureaus,

museums, boards of trade, etc. Economic and social reform

associations, congresses. Economic serials, reviews, and other

publications. Scholastic instruction in economics and social

economy.

Miss Greisheimer says:

Studies and investigations of exhibits, Louisiana Purchase

Exposition, social economy group 129. The exhibits, by means of

reports and statistics, of leading States and countries showing

the commercial and industrial conditions of the State or

country, in regard to exports and imports, wages, occupations,

hours of daily labor, health statistics, educational facilities,

means provided for industrial betterment of employees, and

photographs and graphic charts illustrative of the above, no

doubt attracted the attention of thousands of visitors at the

Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and will result in much good.

Important subjects are thus brought to the front and many

employers and capitalists are benefited by the experience of

others, and so go away and work out some plan for the betterment

of the conditions of their employees. It opens the way for the

capitalist to meet his workmen in the adoption of measures for

harmonizing the interests of capital and labor and binding

together in mutual interest and good will the men whose work

enriches the State and the employer who directs their labor and

converts its products into wages.

The many photographs exhibited illustrating the line of

betterment evolution and industrial commercial pursuits and

development bring facts relating to these subjects before the

public and lead captains of industry and the employer to

investigate betterment institutions and profit by the experience

of others. They also furnish an idea of the large industries,

progress, and natural resources of the country. Thus the

photographs of the coffee plantations of Brazil thoroughly

illustrated the coffee industry and gave an idea of this great

industry, its commercial value, its growth and development. The

exhibits of New Jersey by means of photographs of industrial

betterment institutions and industrial conditions furnished

plenty of matter for studies and investigations to students of

social economics.

Representatives of large industries, through the medium of

international expositions, study the means of improving the

productions of their factories, either by the use of better raw

material, securing it cheaper by importing it direct from the

producing centers, or by the improvement of their processes by

using modern machinery, and by the study of the social

betterment conditions of the employees of other large industrial

enterprises.

Many of the foreign governmental publications, reports,

photographs, statistics, and graphic charts exhibited showed the

degree of advancement reached in some parts of the country with

relation to these particular subjects, and the splendid

condition and resources of the State or country. Many of these

exhibits were beautifully illustrated, giving information of the

social and economic conditions, as well as the history,

geography, physical resources, etc., of the State or country.

The exhibits of France, Belgium, Germany, and Great Britain were

elaborate and systematically arranged, and furnished a fund of

information in social economic studies and investigations by

their most eminent economists.

The exhibits of the American Institute of Social Service

deserves especial mention. We learn from them how we can aid in

humanizing and elevating the spirit, methods, and conditions of

modern life.

This institute had on exhibition about 2,000 photographs in 10

wing-frame cabinets, which visualize and interpret all forms of

social and industrial betterment, arranged as follows: (1) The

American Institute of Social Service. (2) Civic betterment. (3)

Improved housing. (4, 5, and 6) Industrial betterment. (7)

European social studies. (8) Salvation Army and denominational

work. (9) Young Men's and Young Women's Christian associations.

(10) Institutional churches. After the exposition these cabinets

will be put on permanent exhibition at the headquarters of the

institution in New York.

These photos make a deep and lasting impression upon the mind of

the observer of the great work being done in all forms of social

and industrial betterment. It is an efficient way of showing the

needs of the times created by the new conditions in the

industrial world, and is a means of bringing together the best

thinkers of the age to devise feasible plans for the betterment

of mankind, and the solving of problems of social conditions and

industrial betterment. They also show what is being done by the

American Institute of Social Service.

The American Institute of Social Service is a clearing house for

exchange of facts, experiences and ideas on social and

industrial betterment. It is both a laboratory for investigation

and a distributor of the knowledge gained. It is practically an

international university for the study and promotion of social

and industrial progress. Its work is done on a large and

thorough plan, and benefits multitudes.

The fundamental principle and purpose of the institute is to

make the experience of all available for the instruction of

each. This principle is applicable alike to individuals,

corporations, churches, societies, cities, States, and nations.

The institute places human experience on file. It welcomes

inquiries from anyone. The answers aim to be complete, or, if

necessary, to refer the writer to the most direct and

trustworthy sources.

It furnishes expert advice for solving local problems to

employers of every kind, to workingmen, to municipal officers,

to teachers and ministers, to writers, students, and others.

Through its many foreign collaborators, the institute receives

reports, and is in close touch with social movements abroad.

The institute also arranges for addresses and lectures, with or

without lantern slides, on many important subjects, such as: The

Child Problem, History of Labor, Food, Tenements and Improved

Housing, Industrial Betterment, Substitutes for the Saloon, The

Newer Charity, Municipal Problems, Institutional Churches,

Public Baths and Wash Houses, The Better New York.

Its publications are: Social Service, an illustrated monthly

magazine; The Better New York, monographs, and leaflets.

It has a specialized and growing library, with many foreign

books and pamphlets, 3,000 lantern slides, and 4,000

photographs, showing social and industrial conditions throughout

the world.

_Results_.--Plans for new factories have been modified for

comfort and health. Result: Better workers and better work.

Facilities for warm lunches, baths, and recreation at noon have

been provided. Result: Hold of the saloon weakened.

Social secretaries have been appointed in factories and

department stores. Result: Employees and employers in harmony.

Ministers, lecturers, and writers have been aided in presenting

moral questions with force and persuasiveness. Result: Public

conscience aroused.

The attention of societies and clubs has been turned to vital

civic questions. Result: Energies given practical value.

Many private individuals have been encouraged to undertake local

efforts of great value from which they reluctantly shrank for

lack of knowledge and experience. Result: Individuals and

communities have been both beautified.

Theodore Roosevelt said: "This institute is fitted to render a

great and peculiar service, not merely to the country but to all

countries. The possibilities of usefulness for the institute are

well nigh boundless. It will hasten the progress of civilization

and the uplifting of humanity."

The exhibits of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum of the

World's Commerce and American Industries by means of 88

graphically illustrated charts also deserve mention. These

charts illustrate the progress and present conditions of the

commerce of the world, of the manufacturing industries of the

United States, and of the British and American shipping

industries.

This graphic method shows more clearly than statistics alone

would do what proportion of the world's trade belongs to each of

the principal nations, and the relative importance, from a

manufacturing standpoint, of the leading cities of the United

States.

The Philadelphia Museum was organized in 1884 by ordinance of

the city councils, and is governed by a board of trustees. The

board maintains the Commercial Museum and a Commercial Library,

and is accumulating material for a group of city museums devoted

to public education, ethnology, economics, economic botany, and

general science.

The Commercial Museum comprises collections illustrating the

production and commerce of all nations. A bureau of information

collates all available data regarding the subject of foreign

trade, and distributes, upon application, reports tending to the

extension of American trade abroad.

The Commercial Library is free to the public and contains books

bearing particularly on the subjects of international trade,

productions, transportation, banking, economics, and municipal

affairs. It also contains more important books, pamphlets,

periodicals, and foreign reports of recent date relating to

foreign trade and commerce than any other commercial library in

the world.

This valuable collection of trade literature includes

statistical reports of all foreign governments issuing such

documents, and foreign governments' gazettes, reports of board

of trade bodies, regulations of customs tariffs, yearbooks

descriptive of many foreign countries, colonies, and

settlements, the consular reports from all countries, special

work regarding trade, commerce, agriculture, mining, and general

conditions in foreign countries. It also has periodicals, city

directories, and trade directories from all countries.

The museums are maintained by an annual appropriation from the

city of Philadelphia, and the bureau of information by

contributions from business firms and individuals desiring

special service.

The Commercial Museum has accomplished much along the

educational lines. The growing feeling that an increased export

trade is necessary to the prosperity of the country is forcing

upon schools and colleges the necessity of courses in commercial

geography and commerce.

The Commercial Museum, with its wealth of products collected

from every part of the world, is in the position to supply the

necessary demand for the material on which such schools must

depend. It has distributed over 225 collections of such

products, with photographs arranged for the study of commercial

geography, and so is intended to eventually include within its

scope schools, colleges, and universities.

_Salvation Army_.--It is impossible to describe in a few words

the great work and the good being accomplished by the Salvation

Army. Many photographs were exhibited illustrating the work

being done by this noble army.

On Christmas, 1878, in London, this army of Christian workers

was christened "The Salvation Army," consisting then of about 20

workers and about as many posts, with a few hundred members, and

some 3,000 souls seeking salvation during the year. To-day there

are scattered through 47 countries and colonies as follows:

Fifteen thousand separated workers, entirely supported from its

funds; 40,000 unpaid local officers, who support themselves and

give their spare time; 16,000 brass bandsmen (unpaid); 50,000

other musicians, composing thousands of hymns and hundreds of

new tunes annually; 250,000 penitents profess salvation publicly

in the course of a single year; 6,000 centers have been

established, where an average of fourteen to twenty meetings are

held weekly, half in open air, half in buildings; 84,000

meetings weekly; 10,000,000 weekly listeners; 520,000,000

listeners in a year. To the poor the gospel is being preached

everywhere.

In 1880 the first Salvation Army officers landed in New York.

The Salvation Army struck root in its new soil from the outset.

The work has gone on steadily forward, and it is noted

throughout the world for the wonderful spirit of humility and

devotion among its workers, who came to be increasingly widely

recognized. They made rapid strides in America. They founded

homes for the homeless; work for the workless; establishments

for labor bureaus and social-relief institutions; establishment

of industrial homes; workingmen's hotels; working women's homes

and hotels; the establishment of the beautiful Floral Home, Los

Angeles; Benedict Hotel for Young Women, Boston, and a number of

cheaper-class hotels for women in New York, Chicago, and Boston;

these all supply a clean, comfortable bed, with good moral

surroundings, kindly sympathy, and religious services. In New

York and other large cities day nurseries have been opened in

connection with some slum posts; here mothers bring their

children to be cared for during the day, while they are out at

work earning the wages upon which the family depend for

existence. There are more than 100 rescue homes located in

leading cities of the world, and more than 7,000 fallen women

were taken care of during the last year.

Farm colonies have also been established, and fresh-air camps

are organized for summer outings. In the summer ice is furnished

to the needy of the tenements; in winter, coal.

Who can estimate the good done by this noble army? How their

efforts help to cast gleams of sunshine into the desolate hearts

and homes of the needy. In civilization, religious and

sociological reforms the Salvation Army is doing a magnificent

work.

_Philippine Island exhibit_.--The insular exhibit of the

Philippine Islands at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was one

of the great features of the fair and deserves especial mention,

although it does not come under group 129.

No other one exhibit was so widely commented upon in the press

and by the public as the insular exhibit. Everybody who went to

the exposition visited the Philippine village and went away full

of wonder and with new ideas regarding our island possessions

and our governmental policy in regard to the Filipinos and the

islands.

In the Philippine village or grounds there were erected a number

of typical Philippine buildings. The native villages presented

the life of the Negritos, Igorrotes, and other tribes. A number

of buildings displayed the native woods, and some were devoted

to commerce, agricultural products, and others to educational

matters.

The educational exhibits attracted unusual attention. The main

school building was constructed after a Manila cathedral. The

main feature of the educational exhibit was a model school,

taught by Mr. Hager and Miss Zamora of the Philippine Normal

School. The Filipino pupils were objects of great interest and

curiosity.

No doubt many visitors were interested in the Igorrotes or in

some other one slight feature which left no deep impression of

the actual condition of the islands. But everyone who went

attentively through the Philippine village knows just what kind

of people the Filipinos are, and learned much of their customs

and their industries, and also acquired a fair knowledge of the

resources of the islands and the many problems confronting our

Government. The Philippine exhibit was one of the greatest

features of the fair.

_Humane Education Society._--The pamphlets issued by the Humane

Education Society during the progress of the Louisiana Purchase

Exposition are far-reaching as an important factor in true

education, and can not but result in good. Children through

their influence will be trained in habits of kindness to the

dependent lower creatures, become gentler to each other, more

amenable to authority, and better in their conduct. Through the

efforts of this society Bands of Mercy have been organized in

the various schools and churches throughout the country, and as

a result children become more humane.

Pamphlets of instruction of methods of forming humane education

societies were given out with other literature on humane

treatment of animals which could not fail in arousing interest.

A grand and noble work is being done throughout the world by the

humane societies. Too much can not be said in praise of the work

being accomplished by the little children as members of Bands of

Mercy.

This is a report of a few important exhibits. It was impossible

for me to give an accurate report of all the important exhibits

viewed by jury group 129. There were several things I consider

of vital importance to humanity exhibited under other groups;

you will no doubt receive reports concerning them. One was the

"Model Nursery," which no doubt appeals to all womankind.

Another, the school exhibits in manual training, drawing, nature

study, and kindergarten exhibits. Most of this work is developed

through the training of the powers of the child by our great

army of noble women teachers.

Group 135, Miss Margaret Wade, Washington, D.C., Juror.

Under the group heading "Provident institutions," the six

classes into which it was divided represented: Savings banks,

life insurance, accident insurance, sickness insurance, old age

and invalidity insurance, fire, marine, and other insurance of

property.

Miss Wade expressed a somewhat pessimistic view of the work of

women in this special department, as she said "the part taken by

women as shown by their exhibits showed no high degree of

excellence, the only exhibit in group 135 being not up to the

standard, and therefore, in her opinion, it would have been no

advantage to women to have had their work exhibited separately."

This would be a somewhat difficult class, no doubt, for women to

endeavor to make an exhibit, because, while thousands of them are

employed in the offices of insurance companies and as solicitors, it is

probably not a field in which they will assume the risks involved for

many years to come.

Group 136, Miss Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago, Ill, Juror.

Under the group heading "Housing of the working classes" the

five classes into which it was divided represented: Building and

sanitary regulations, erection of improved dwellings by

employers, erection of improved dwellings by private efforts,

erection of improved dwellings by public authorities, general

efforts for betterment of housing conditions.

Miss Addams says in her report as group juror of the above:

From the nature of the exhibits in this department it is

difficult to divide the work of women from that of men, for,

although the erection of dwellings by public authorities, as in

London, was naturally done through men who were members of the

London County Council, and while the model dwellings erected by

large employers, such as those built by Mr. Cadbury, at Port

Sunlight, England, or by the Krupp Company, in Germany, were

naturally carried through altogether by men, the earliest

efforts for amelioration in housing conditions, and in many

cases the initiatory measures for improved dwellings, have been

undertaken by women.

The activities of Octavia Hill, in London, preceded by many

years the governmental action, and there is no doubt that the

creditable showing she was able to make on the financial as well

as on the social and educational side had much to do with making

the movement for better housing popular in London. The efforts

of Fraulein Krupp in connection with the model housing at Essen

are also well known, although, of course, this was not indicated

in the Krupp exhibit.

Of the five grand prix which were given for general achievements

disconnected with exhibits, only one was awarded to a woman,

that to Miss Octavia Hill, although a silver medal was also

awarded to Frau Rossbach, of Leipzig, Germany. Two gold medals

were given to American enterprises in model housing which were

carried on almost exclusively by women--one to the Boston

Cooperative Society, which was founded and largely directed by

Mrs. Alice Lincoln, and one to the Octavia Hill Association, of

Philadelphia.

On the whole, the special work of women in connection with

housing showed most satisfactory results in "rent collecting,"

which has become a dignified profession for many English ladies

who conscientiously use it as a means of moral and educational

uplift to those most in need of sustained and continuous help.

Improvements in housing conditions are so closely connected with

the rate of mortality among little children, with the chances

for decency and right living among young girls, with the higher

standards and opportunities for housewives, that it has

naturally attracted the help of women from the beginning of the

crowded tenement conditions which unhappily prevail in every

modern city.

Group 139, Miss Mary E. Perry, St. Louis, Mo. Juror.

Under the group heading "Charities and correction" the seven

classes into which it was divided represented: Destitute,

neglected, and delinquent children; institutional care of

destitute adults; care and relief of needy families in their

homes; hospitals, dispensaries, and nursing; the insane,

feeble-minded, and epileptic; treatment of criminals;

identification of criminals; supervisory and educational

movements.

Miss Perry reports:

_Department O, Group 139._--(1) Class 784: Vacation Playground,

Mrs. E.A. De Wolfe; Philadelphia Night College for Girls, Mrs.

Wilson; Missouri Industrial School for Girls, Mrs. De Bolt;

Illinois Industrial School for Girls, Mrs. Ameigh; Industrial

School for Girls, Washington, D.C., Amy J. Rule. Class 785:

Door of Hope, Mrs. Möise. Class 786: Committee on tuberculosis

of the Charity Organization Society of the City of New York,

Miss Brandt. Class 787: Johns Hopkins School for Nurses, Miss

Ross; anatomical and pathological exhibit, Mrs. Corrine B.

Eckley. Class 788: Seguin School for Backward Children, Mrs.

Seguin; Compton School for Nervous Children, Fanny A. Compton;

Chicago Hospital School, Mary R. Campbell. Class 789: Police

supplies and detective exhibit, Mrs. M.E. Holland. Class 790:

Missouri State board of charities, Miss Mary E. Perry; New

Hampshire State board of charities, Mrs. Lilian Streator;

Massachusetts charity and correctional exhibit; Jewish

Charitable and Educational Union, by committee of ladies; the

Catholic University of America made an exhibit of all the

Catholic institutions relating to charities and correction,

which was collected and installed by the union, but put in

charge of the "Queen's Daughters," Miss Mary Hoxsey.

(2) Class 784, 35 per cent; class 785, 30 per cent; class 786,

20 per cent; class 787, 40 per cent; class 788, 30 per cent;

class 789, 15 per cent; class 790, 40 per cent; total, 30 per

cent (average).

(3) Missouri State board of charities, Massachusetts exhibit in

charities and correction, Johns Hopkins School for Nurses,

committee on tuberculosis of the Charity Organization Society of

the City of New York.

(4) It is a very noticeable fact that women are taking the place

of men in charitable institutions. This fact, however, is more

clearly demonstrated in the general educational exhibit. The

exhibits relating to dispensaries and nurses were mostly

prepared by women; in fact, they seem to have a monopoly on this

particular line of work.

A part of the anatomical and pathological exhibit was in charge

of Mrs. Eckley, anatomist, from the College of Physicians and

Surgeons, Chicago, Ill.

The number of women entering this field was shown to be steadily

on the increase, and the exhibit relating to medical schools

also showed a great increase in the number of students.

Nearly all of the reformatory schools for girls and prisons and

reformatories for women are under the charge of women, and a

great many of the State board of charities are practically under

their control.

Women are taking the place of men in the distribution of

charities in the larger cities, and Mrs. M.E. Holland, who

installed the exhibit on police supplies, and who is also the

editor of the Detective, was, at the same time, in charge of the

Chicago police exhibit. This is one of the cases where a woman

has entered the profession of detective.

(5) No foreign exhibits were installed by women, although about

15 per cent of the foreign exhibits were prepared by women.

(6) The most noticeable work given to women at the fair was

along the lines demanding executive ability, as is required in

organizing exhibits, where tact and business capacity were

essential to success. (See answer 4.)

(7) Their work differed from the work at other expositions in

the fact that scientific material was presented in an attractive

and comprehensive way, so as to be easily understood and

appreciated by the general visitor.

(8) Yes. Their work could easily be compared to that of men. It

was of the same grade, and there seemed to be no question or

suggestion of inferiority.

(9) Yes; the work of women was as well appreciated when placed

by the side of that of men as when separately exhibited.

(10) The results would not have been better if separately

exhibited. Exhibits must be scientifically classified in order

to be appreciated by the general visitor. If the exhibits

prepared by women had been separated, it would have left a great

gap in the scientific arrangement required in a collective

exhibit, as in group 139. The exhibits in this line prepared by

women would not and could not have covered the subject

completely.

(11) See answer to No. 7.

There were no manufacturers in group No. 139 except

manufacturers of prison cells, and no women are employed in such

factories.

Thirty per cent of the work of organizing, collecting, and

installing exhibits in group 139 was performed by women, and

about 40 per cent of the actual work was prepared under the

direction of women, such as teachers in reformatory

institutions, etc.

All women preparing and organizing exhibits in this group

received awards. The exact proportion can not be determined

until the jury make their final report.

Naturally, there were no inventions by women in this group, but

the exhibits made, or nearly all of them, were improvements on

such work at former expositions, and a great deal of originality

was displayed presenting scientific material and installment of

exhibits.

The artistic genius and method of displaying scientific material

made this group very interesting to the general public, and the

subjects could be comprehended with but little effort by the

passing visitor. At former expositions such subjects received

little attention and were of no interest except to scientific

investigators.

This exhibit as a whole showed that women have taken possession

of several lines of work such as teaching and nursing, and that

men have been practically forced out of these occupations. It

also showed that they are entering many new fields, such as the

medical profession and even becoming detectives, which

demonstrates the fact that they are not inferior to men, but are

more specially adapted to certain lines of work.

Group 141, Mrs. E.P. Turner, Dallas, Tex., Juror.

Owing to illness, Mrs. Turner served but two days on this jury, and was

succeeded by Mrs. Condé Hamlin, who had been named by the board of lady

managers as Mrs. Turner's alternate.

Under the group heading "Municipal government," the five classes

into which it was divided represented: City organization.

Protection of life and property. Public-service industries.

Streets and sewers. Parks, baths, recreation, city

beautification, etc.

Mrs. Hamlin became secretary of this jury, and reports as follows:

In the department in which I was a juror, namely, municipal

government, a good deal of the work was inspired by women, and

some of it prepared by women. Women's work in civic improvement

is well to the front. The work in the vacation schools, which

was shown, in playgrounds, for clean streets, for smoke

abatement, for better disposition of garbage, has in many cities

been largely inspired by women. In fact, I know of no department

where the women of the leisure class are more actively

interested and more efficient than in civic improvement work,

and the results reached through the activities of the municipal

leagues, through officials, have been most marked. The Twin City

municipal exhibit I myself designed and largely prepared and

administered, and was the resident member of the municipal

commission.

The nature of the exhibits in this department were charts and

photographs, literature on civic improvement work for and by

children in playgrounds, school gardens, etc. Civic work of

women's clubs. The civic improvement movement may be said to

have had its inception and development since the Chicago Fair;

hence the display at St. Louis showed a decided and marked

advance over the work of a similar nature shown at Chicago, but,

naturally, there were no exhibits from foreign women, municipal

betterment work being new for both men and women, in the present

understanding of the term. The work shown, of course, relating

as it does to the social life of cities, would prove helpful to

those interested in the advancement and success of women's work,

but I saw no difference in appreciation shown in comparing the

work of men and women, and the very nature of the work would not

permit of its being separately exhibited, and it was not in all

cases shown which had been performed or accomplished by women,

which by men, although much of the work had been stimulated by

women, but just how much they actually performed I can not say,

and only two or three awards were given to women.

The board of lady managers was given recognition on each of the

department juries, fifteen in number, namely, Education, Art, Liberal

Arts, Manufactures, Machinery, Electricity, Transportation Exhibits,

Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Mines and Metallurgy, Fish and

Game, Anthropology, Social Economy, Physical Culture.

The department jurors report as follows:

Department A, Education, Dr. Howard J. Rogers, Chief; Mrs. W.E. Fischel,

St. Louis, Mo., Department Juror.

This department comprised 5 groups and 26 classes, the group

headings being Elementary education, Secondary education, Higher

education, Special education in fine arts, Special education in

agriculture, Special education in commerce and industry,

Education of defectives, and Special forms of

education--text-books--School furniture, and School appliances.

Mrs. Fischel writes:

The queries relative to woman's work at the exposition were duly

received. I have given very careful consideration to the request

of the accompanying letter and have deferred my answer so as to

deliberate most intelligently. Reading the questions over, I

found myself unable to form any opinion of woman's work as

woman's work. Indeed, I have held very strongly to the opinion

that the one great thing accomplished for women in this

Louisiana Purchase Exposition was the exhibition of work as work

without distinction as to sex. In the jury room, when I served,

no consideration of award was given to any sex characteristic,

and not having viewed the exhibits with any idea of specializing

this feature I find myself now at a loss to particularize and

say there was such a per cent of woman's work.

Department B, Art, Prof. Halsey C. Ives, Chief.

This department comprised 6 groups and 18 classes, the group

headings being Paintings and drawings, Engravings and

lithographs, Sculpture, Architecture, Loan collection, and

Original objects of art workmanship.

The board was most unfortunate in not being able to obtain the services

of the prominent artists named for this position, all being abroad at

the time notice of their appointment was sent, and having engagements

upon their return that rendered it impossible for them to reach St.

Louis in time to serve.

Department C, Liberal Arts, Col. John A. Ocherson, Chief.

This department comprised 13 groups and 116 classes, the group

headings being Typography--Various printing processes;

Photography; Books and publications--Bookbinding; Maps and

apparatus for geography, cosmography, topography; Instruments of

precision; Philosophical apparatus, etc.--Coins and medals;

Medicine and surgery; Musical instruments; Theatrical appliances

and equipment; Chemical and pharmaceutical arts; Manufacture of

paper; Civil and military engineering; Models, plans, and

designs for public works; Architectural engineering.

Mrs. H.A. Langford, of Chicago, Ill., was appointed as juror in this

department, but unfortunately did not receive notice in time to serve.

Department D, Manufactures, Milan H. Hulbert, Chief; Miss Thekla M.

Bernays, of St. Louis, Mo., Department Juror.

This department comprised 24 groups and 231 classes, the group

headings being Stationery; Cutlery; Silversmiths' and

goldsmiths' ware; Jewelry; Clock and watch making; Productions

in marble, bronze, cast iron and wrought iron; Brushes, fine

leather articles, fancy articles, and basket work; Articles for

traveling and for camping; India-rubber and gutta-percha

industries; Toys; Decoration and fixed furniture of buildings

and dwellings; Office and household furniture; Stained glass;

Mortuary monuments and undertakers' furnishings; Hardware; Paper

hanging; Carpets, tapestries, and fabrics for upholstery;

Upholsterers' decorations; Ceramics; Plumbing and sanitary

materials; Glass and crystal; Apparatus and processes for

heating and ventilation; Apparatus and methods, not electrical,

for lighting; Textiles; Equipment and processes used in the

manufacture of textile fabrics; Equipment and processes used in

bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing textiles in their

various stages; Equipment and processes used in sewing and

making wearing apparel; Threads and fabrics of cotton; Threads

and fabrics of flax, hemp, etc.; Cordage; Yarns and fabrics of

wool; Silk and fabrics of silk; Laces, embroidery, and

trimmings; Industries producing wearing apparel for men, women,

and children; Leather, boots and shoes, furs and skins, fur

clothing; Various industries connected with clothing.

Miss Bernays reports as follows:

In order to arrive at an accurate idea of the value of women's

work as compared with men's, it would have been necessary to

study the St. Louis Exposition from the time of its opening to

the close, with a view to collecting data and statistics on this

question. Furthermore, to get definite results regarding the

progress of women since the Columbian Exposition one would have

had to have access to the researches and statistics of former

expositions on this subject, if such there exist. I visited both

the Columbian Exposition of 1893 and the Paris Exposition of

1900, but I have only impressions of the work by women as

exhibited there. Nor can I furnish figures, percentages, or even

accurate estimates of women's work at the Louisiana Purchase

Exposition. The observations subjoined have value only in so far

as the interest in women's work lies always in the under-current

of my thought. Even under the terrific stress of the enormous

amount of work pressed into the few short days of jury duty I

was vividly impressed with the dignity of the work accomplished

in arts and crafts by the women of Germany, where it was

exhibited together with that of men. In the one instance where

women secluded themselves it was shown with appalling force that

the result was tawdry and inharmonious.

I was appointed by the board of lady managers to serve upon the

department jury in the same classification of which I had served

as group juror, for "Kunstgewerbe" (Arts and Crafts). Finding my

group divided into four classes--Fixed inner decoration,

Furniture, Stained glass, and Mortuary monuments--with

numberless exhibits m various buildings all over the grounds, I

elected to serve in the class for "Fixed inner decoration." I

was aware that I had been appointed for Germany because of the

great interest I had taken in the movement for harmony in

household art inaugurated in Germany about ten years ago. This

movement admits of no division into "fixed inner decoration" and

"furniture," etc., but regards the arrangement and decoration of

spaces with a view to the effect of the "ensemble." Following

the lead of our distinguished chairman, Doctor Wuthesius, we

adhered to this idea in spite of the barbarous separation

ordered by the official instructions. Thus I was enabled to gain

an insight into what women were accomplishing in industrial art,

which would have been impossible had I permitted myself to look

only upon "fixed inner decoration."

The exhibits made by our own country in household art were

meager compared to those of several foreign countries, notably

Germany and Austria. Nor was it possible to gain information

from our exhibitors as full and as accurate as from some of the

foreigners. Here again the Germans were to the front with a

complete, reliable, and artistically finished catalogue, which

they freely distributed among the jurors. Only the Japanese were

as perfectly equipped in the matter of literature on their

exhibits and as lavish of information to the jurors as the

Germans.

I have no doubt that American women are as extensively employed

in industrial art as the women of Europe, but, excepting in

pottery, their forward stride was not made to appear pronounced

at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Woman's work as a maker of

laces was not so exhibited as to make it readily distinguishable

from men's, although it must have entered largely into the

exhibits made, which, however, as I have just said, did not

adequately represent the United States, many of the best and

most renowned eastern firms having chosen to absent themselves.

Nor were foreign women, always the Germans and Austrians

excepted, frequent or prominent in the showing made. In the two

countries mentioned women have been undoubtedly taken up as

factors which hereafter are to count in the arts and crafts. We

found German women in a perceptible number exhibiting side by

side with men, holding their own fairly well in decorative

painting, as designers of rooms, of carpets and wall coverings,

workers in iron and other metals, while in tapestry, weaving

embroidery, and lace work their advance is nothing short of

astonishing.

Wherever in the Varied Industries Building, in the German House,

in the Austrian Pavilion, and elsewhere the work of German women

was incorporated into the general scheme of the decorations and

furnishings, wherever women, together with men, designed and

planned, or wherever they carried out the designs of men,

harmony was the result. Women's work was found to blend

perfectly with men's when both worked on a common plan to a

common end. Of course women in German art, as elsewhere, are

numerically immensely in the minority, nor do they as yet often

attempt the grand, the monumental, the complex. But many of them

are honest and efficient helpers, whose eyes and hands show

excellent training. They are, besides, enthusiastic supporters

and intelligent abettors of the new movement which aims to

achieve homogeneousness in the arts of living.

Again and again in the German exhibits one was constrained to

note that the female members of an artist's family were

frequently represented by work of their own. One encountered

Bruno and Fra Wille, joint designers of rooms, carpets, wall

coverings; Professor Behrens's wife plans a variety of things

from costumes to book covering. There are feminine Hubers,

Spindlers, Laengers in the catalogue, showing that the Germans

who have been so long reckoned as addicted to the cult of the

"Hausfrau" only, are beginning to accord the woman artist due

recognition.

It was all the more amazing to find that Germany, the very

Germany who, by general verdict, had given the most complete

exhibit of household art ever shown at any exposition, who, as I

have just pointed out had brought forward its craftswomen in no

contemptible role, should all unconsciously furnish the

striking, the classical example of the folly of separating the

sexes at an exposition. The "Verein Berliner Kunstlevinnen" made

an exhibit of exclusively feminine work, which was as pointedly

painful, as conspicuously lacking in force and originality, as

confused as to arrangement as have been all the previous

displays, where the accentuated feminine was relegated to

separate little buildings or separate little corners in

buildings. I saw more than one German artist hustle his American

friends past that part of the Varied Industries Building, where

abominations of his misguided countrywomen were on view. And

more than one told me that it was a slander on what German women

could do. This only goes to prove that the action of the

authorities in charge of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition

believed to be the fact: That the exhibition of woman's work,

apart from men's, runs to the tawdry, the insignificant, and the

unnecessary. Therefore, separation of the sexes in the display

at expositions should not be tolerated.

Department E, Machinery, Mr. Thomas M. Moore, Chief; Miss Edith J.

Griswold, New York City, Department Juror.

This department comprised 5 groups and 35 classes, the group

headings being: Steam engines; Various motors; General

machinery; Machine tools; Arsenal tools.

Miss Griswold says:

After considerable consideration I almost feel that the least

said about women exhibitors in the Machinery Department at the

Louisiana Purchase Exposition the better. The fact is, there

were no women exhibitors. However, in this department the

exhibitors were mostly old firms or very large manufacturers,

and while women are undoubtedly making their way into mechanics

they have not been in the field long enough to have reached a

point where their work of a nature to form exposition exhibits

can compete with man's work. The chief of the Machinery

Department and one other member of the jury mentioned a Miss

Gleason, who is connected with one of the firms that exhibited,

and spoke of her ability in the mechanical line and her

knowledge of mechanics in the highest of terms. Women are

employed in various capacities in nearly every line of work that

was exhibited in this department, and Miss Gleason probably

stands as an example of the real but unostentatious work of many

women who understand the intricacies of machinery fully as well

as men with the same degree of training.

That women are making a place for themselves in this department of

industry is shown by the Patent Office statistics. The first patents for

inventions were granted to men in 1790, but no patent was issued to a

woman until May 5, 1809, and the number of inventions granted to them in

any one year did not exceed 6 until the year 1862, when 14 were issued.

This number was lowered but once, and that was in 1865, when naturally

women had responsibilities of a nature that precluded outside interests,

but the direction of which is shown in the fact that two of the 13

applications in that year were--one for "Improved table for hospitals,"

the other for "Improvement in drinking cups for the sick." In 1863 an

application was made for "Improvement in ambulances."

It is a significant fact that from the time General Spinner appointed

the first woman to be employed under the Government in 1864, her

advancement was shown in invention, as well as in all other phases of

her existence. At the beginning of the year 1864, fifty-five years after

the first patent had been granted to her, she had received but 103

patents. During the next fifteen years, 1,046 patents were granted;

during the next ten, 1,428, and during the next five years (from 1889 to

1894), 1,309 patents were issued to women, the number in five years

exceeding that granted during the first seventy years. It is to be

regretted that the Patent Office records do not show a classification of

her work during the past ten years, their list practically ceasing March

1, 1895.

The inventions cover a wide and ambitious range, and include, even among

their earliest attempts, "Improved war vessel, the parts applying to

other structures for defense;" "Improvement in locomotive wheels;" in

"Engraving copper;" "Steam whistles;" "Mechanism for driving sewing

machines;" "Improved material for packing journals and bearings;"

"Improvement in the mode of preventing the heating of axles and

journals;" in "Pyrotechnic night signals;" in "Paper-bag machines;" in

"Railway car safety apparatus;" "Conveyors of smoke and cinders for

locomotives;" "Sewing machines;" in "Alloys for hardening iron;" in

"Alloys to resemble silver;" in "Devices for removing snow from

railways;" "Car coupling;" "Attachment for unloading box cars;"

"Railroad car," etc.

Department F, Electricity, Prof. W.E. Goldsboro, Chief, Miss Hope

Fairfax Loughborough, Department Juror.

This department comprised 5 groups and 24 classes, the group

headings being: Machines for generating and using electricity;

Electrochemistry; Electric lighting; Telegraphy and telephony;

Various applications of electricity.

Miss Loughborough's report is as follows:

The field of electricity has been so long and so peculiarly a

man's field that it is not surprising to find that in the 5

groups and 24 classes which the Department of Electricity at the

Louisiana Purchase Exposition comprised, only 2 exhibits were

made by women, both of whom were Americans.

One of these exhibits was made by Mrs. Alexander Baumgard, of

New York City, and showed an automatic advertising figure

actuated by an electric motor. The figure was that of a woman

standing before a rack on which were a number of signs. The

figure stooped, picked up one of the signs, raised it, turned a

quarter way around in order to display it to the best advantage,

and replaced the sign. The next movement took up the next sign,

and so on. The mechanism was actuated by an electric motor,

which, by means of a series of cams and gears, caused it to go

through the various movements. The value of the device was

considered very small, as there are other more effective means

of advertising of this kind, and no award was given Mrs.

Baumgard.

The other exhibit by a woman was made by Mrs. Blodgett, and

consisted of ornamental shades for electric lights, painted by

hand. These shades were quite artistic in themselves, and were

well installed, so the exhibit was awarded a bronze medal.

In neither of these exhibits was there any invention or process

which was original.

In the electrical industry there is practically no machine or

apparatus made without the assistance of women or girls, as they

are employed in every electrical factory for insulating and

winding coils, etc. In the manufacture of these the percentage

of women's work is from 3 to 10 per cent. But aside from this

purely mechanical work women have contributed little or nothing

to the advancement of the application of electricity, either

before the Chicago Exposition or during the past eleven years.

Department G, Transportation Exhibits, Mr. W.A. Smith, Chief; Miss Rose

Weld, Newport News, Va., Department Juror.

Miss Weld is a graduate of the Boston School of Technology and now in

the employ of the Newport News Shipbuilding Company.

This department comprised 6 groups and 33 classes, the group

headings being: Carriages and wheelwrights' work; Automobiles

and cycles; Saddlery and harness; Railways, yards, stations,

freight houses, terminal facilities of all kinds; Material and

equipment used in the mercantile marine; Material and equipment

of naval services, naval warfare; Aerial navigation.

Miss Weld briefly reports:

As a department juror I saw the papers of every exhibitor, and

there were no exhibits by women in this department in any of the

33 classes, but not coming in contact with any of the exhibitors

I can give no exact information about the work done by women in

the manufacture or construction of the exhibits.

Department H, Agriculture, Mr. Frederic W. Taylor, Chief; Mrs. Richard

P. Bland, Lebanon, Mo., Department Juror.

This department comprised 27 groups and 137 classes, the group

headings being: Farm equipment--methods of improving lands;

Agricultural implements and farm machinery; Fertilizers;

Tobacco; Appliances and methods used in agricultural industries;

Theory of agriculture--agricultural statistics; Vegetable food

products--agricultural seeds; Animal food products; Equipment

and methods employed in the preparation of foods; Farinaceous

products and their derivatives; Bread and pastry; Preserved

meat, fish, vegetables, and fruit; Sugar and

confectionery--condiments and relishes; Waters; Wines and

brandies; Sirups and liqueurs--distilled spirits commercial

alcohol; Fermented beverages; Inedible agricultural products;

Insects and their products--plant diseases; Live stock--horses

and mules, cattle, sheep, goats, etc.; Swine; Dogs; Cats;

Ferrets, etc.; Poultry and birds.

Mrs. Bland reports as a department juror in this department:

Our jury passed upon machinery for making drinks, refrigerators,

refrigerating, Sunny Brook Distillery, ice-making plant, beer

packers, and packages, etc., bottle washing and cleaning. Bake

ovens, candy and chocolate machines also came within our

jurisdiction. One special machine of French make was for making

ice for families and on the farm; these were small machines and

would make from 10 to 300 pounds, and were comparatively cheap

and within the reach of many.

There was an interesting and unique exhibit from Germany showing

canned stews and other edibles to be used in camp and on hunting

and fishing trips. The can had an interlining of tin, and

between the two walls of the can was unslacked lime; by making a

hole in each end of the can and placing first one end and then

the other in cold water for five minutes the stew was warmed and

cooked.

Mrs. Bland conducts a large farm, and in a letter states that she was

awarded a bronze medal at this exposition for her exhibit of timothy hay

and Grimes golden apples.

Mrs. Bland also served on the jury of awards in the women's department

of the Charleston Exposition, and it was her opinion that there is a

great opening for women in house furnishings, designing wall paper, and

photography.

Department J, Horticulture, Mr. Frederic W. Taylor, Chief; Mrs. Ida L.

Turner, Fort Worth, Tex., Department Juror.

This department comprised 7 groups and 31 classes, the group

headings being: Appliances and methods of pomology, viticulture,

floriculture, and arboriculture; Appliances and methods of

viticulture; Pomology; Trees, shrubs, ornamental plants and

flowers; Plants of the conservatory; Seeds and plants for garden

and nurseries; Arboriculture and fruit culture.

Mrs. Turner says:

In reply to your questions in regard to the work of the women

jurors at the St. Louis Exposition, will say that I arrived very

late at the exposition, after the jury had about finished their

duties in the Department of Horticulture, in which I was to

serve. For this reason my duties were limited, and I had little

opportunity to examine and give an intelligent estimate of the

part taken by women in this department.

Department K, Forestry, Mr. Tarleton H. Bean, Chief; Mrs. J.M. Glenn,

Baltimore, Md., Department Juror.

This department comprised 3 groups and 14 classes, under the

group headings: Appliances and processes used in forestry;

Products of the cultivation of forests and of forest industries;

Appliances for gathering wild crops and products obtained.

No report.

Department L, Mines and Metallurgy, Mr. J.A. Homes, Chief; Mrs. M.G.

Scrutchin, Atlanta, Ga., Department Juror.

This department comprised 5 groups and 43 classes, under the

group headings: Working of mines, ore beds, and stone quarries;

Minerals and stones, and their utilization; Mine models, maps,

photographs; Metallurgy; Literature of mining, metallurgy, etc.

Mrs. Scrutchin reports as follows:

In all our fairy stories, dwarfs and elves live below the earth

and deal with mines and their dark belongings; the fairies live

above. So none of us are surprised to find few women in this

line of exhibitors. My work as a member of the department jury

confined me to one room, and to an inspection of lists submitted

by the group jurors. So I really had no opportunity for specific

examination of the various groups and classes, except where some

doubt was expressed as to the validity of an award, when I made

it a point to examine that subject with more or less care. Many

women placed specimens of clay and ore in their State

collections. Several Georgia women, I know, did this--some,

though owning and operating mines, and active in submitting

specimens, took shelter under the husband's name. This fact also

came under my own observation.

Nearly all these exhibits were in group 116, class 682. One

collection of clays and pottery produced in the interest of

artistic handicraft came from the Sophie Newcombe Memorial

College for the higher education of girls, of New Orleans, La.,

and was in the same group, but class 690. Many like collections

were seen in the Educational Building, but this is the only one

given space in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy.

The Woman's Club of Pipestone, Minn., showed specimens of

pipestone and jasper belonging to group 116, class 682. In the

whole list I find only two foreigners--one from Toronto, Canada,

and the other from Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico, both such near

neighbors to our own country as hardly to seem foreign. The one

making exhibition from Mexico, Esther Lopez, is associated with

a man, Hernano, brother or husband, I presume. Group 118 devoted

to metallurgy, had only one woman exhibitor, Mrs. Abbie Krebs,

San Francisco, Cal., who submitted redwood tanks for an award.

I do not recall any award made to a woman in the Department of

Mines and Metallurgy. Many mercantile houses and large

corporations were competitors, and, as I said before, many women

sent their specimens to their respective State exhibits, and so

increased the chances of the State to an award.

The fine Alaskan exhibition in the Alaska Building was collated,

I understand, by a woman. I did not see it and did not learn the

woman's name, though I made an effort to do so.

From my observation, I think the work of the women would have

been better appreciated and the effect more pronounced had they

been placed in a separate building. In this Department of Mines,

for instance, every woman would have sent to the Woman's

Building instead of to the State exhibit, and a greater number

would have been on record as exhibitors.

The only two exhibitions, or expositions rather, at all

approaching the one in St. Louis that I have attended were the

Centennial at Philadelphia, in 1876, and the International

Cotton Exposition at Atlanta, in 1895. At the first I do not

recall any emphasis on what women had done, except in the lines

in which she had always worked--art, needlework, and dairy

products. In Atlanta, as at Chicago, there was a Woman's

Building, and here were found her work in all lines, and many

visitors enjoyed the exhibition.

The recognition of woman as evidenced by her appointment on the

juries of the different departments, both group and department,

was the most striking development of the recent great

expositions.

The list submitted below contains the names of all women whose

names appear in the official catalogue of exhibits in the

Department of Mines and Metallurgy:

Sophie Newcombe Memorial College for the Higher Education of

Girls, of New Orleans, La. Clays and pottery produced in the

interest of artistic handicraft. Group 116, class 690. Mrs.

Abbie Krebs, San Francisco, Cal. Redwood tanks. Group 118, class

702. Mrs. George Rupp, Bessemer, Mich. Collection of iron ores,

needle, grape, kidney, and blackberry ore. Group 116, class 682.

Woman's Club, Pipestone, Minn. Pipestone and jasper. Group 116,

class 682. Mrs. Helen M. Schneider, Eureka, Nev. Collection of

minerals. Group 116, class 682. Mrs. George W. Pritchard, White

Oaks, N. Mex., Lincoln County. Ores. Group 116, class 682. Mrs.

D.D. Menges, Allentown, Pa. Iron ores. Group 116, class 682.

Mrs. C. Robinson, Spokane, S. Dak. Arsenopyrite ore. Group 116,

class 682. Mrs. Haliburton, Bridgewood, Bridgewood Company,

Ontario, Canada. Minerals. Group 116, class 682. Esther y

Hernano Lopez, Taxco, province of Guerrero, Mexico. Silver ores.

Group 116, class 682.

Department M, Fish and Game, Mr. Tarleton H. Bean, Chief; Mrs. Mary

Stuart Armstrong, Chicago, Ill., Department Juror.

This department comprised 5 groups and 19 classes, the group

headings being: Hunting equipment; Products of hunting; Fishing;

equipment and products; Products of fisheries; Fish culture.

No report.

Department N, Anthropology, Dr. W.J. McGee, Chief; Mrs. Zelia Nuttall,

Cambridge, Mass., Department Juror.

This department comprised 4 groups and 5 classes, under the

group headings: Literature; Somatology; Ethnology; Ethnography.

Mrs. Nuttall reports, as group juror, this department.

(Report not on file.)

Department O, Social Economy, Dr. Howard J. Rogers, Chief; Miss Jane

Addams, Chicago, Ill., Department Juror.

This department comprised 13 groups and 58 classes, the group

headings being: Study and investigation of social and economic

conditions; Economic resources and organization; State

regulation of industry and labor; Organization of industrial

workers; Methods of industrial remuneration; Cooperative

institutions; Provident institutions; Housing of the working

classes; The liquor question; General betterment movements;

Charities and correction; Public health; Municipal improvement.

Miss Addams says in her report as department juror of the above:

The general advance in social betterment has been very marked in

the eleven years intervening since the Columbian Exposition, at

Chicago, and women have not only shared that advance, but have

undoubtedly contributed more than their proportionate share, if

tested by the proportionate value of their exhibits at Chicago

and at St. Louis. This is also true if tested by the social

economy exhibits made in Paris in 1900, where I was a juror in

the department of social economy. No separate exhibit was there

made of the work of women save that implied in the exhibition of

women's philanthropic societies. At the Louisiana Purchase

Exposition their separate exhibits were not only larger, but

more definite and coherent. The work of women was as much

appreciated when placed by the side of men as if it had been

installed by itself, and the results would have been no better

if separately exhibited. Certainly nothing in the entire

department at St. Louis was more successfully installed and

attracted more favorable attention than the Twin City Museum,

which occupied an entire building upon the Model street and was

under the direction of Mrs. Condé Hamlin, of St. Paul, who had

also planned it from the beginning and was made commissioner. It

was certainly a notable achievement to have one such exhibit as

that standing absolutely upon its merits and dealing with the

civic and general social conditions as they are constantly

developing in our large and growing cities. It had suggestions

of activities along a dozen lines which make for amelioration of

urban conditions as they bear hardest upon the people of the

most crowded quarters. To quote from the report of another on

this subject: "It is now a well-established fact that women most

effectively supplement the best interests and the furthering of

the highest aims of all government by their numberless

charitable, reformatory, educational, and other beneficent

institutions which she has had the courage and the ideality to

establish for the alleviation of suffering, for the correction

of many forms of social injustice and neglect, and these

institutions exert a strong and steady influence for good, an

influence which tends to decrease vice, to make useful citizens

of the helpless or depraved, to elevate the standard of

morality, and to increase the sum of human happiness."

Department P, Physical Culture, J.E. Sullivan, Chief; Miss Clara

Hellwig, Plainfield, N.J., Department Juror.

This department comprised 3 groups and 6 classes, the group

headings being: Training of the child and adult-theory and

practice; Games and sports for children and adults; Equipment

for games and sports.

Unfortunately Miss Hellwig was abroad and did not receive

notification in time to reach St. Louis for the jury work.

Superior Jury.

Mrs. Philip N. Moore, of St. Louis, Mo., was appointed to represent the

board of lady managers on the superior jury, and in a general résumé of

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Mrs. Moore says:

If the organization of a world's exposition begins years before

its doors open, if public opinion changes in a decade, it may be

well, before summing up the work of women at St. Louis, to look

first at the record of achievement from Chicago in 1893 through

Atlanta, Nashville, Omaha, Paris, and Buffalo, all of which led

gradually to the high plane upon which we now stand.

Segregation of the sexes was the limited understanding of most

of those in charge of former expositions. Not for a moment would

I imply by this statement that there was a desire to give the

work of women a lower grade than that of men; rather was it the

mistaken idea of drawing attention to it, as something better

and apart. By this very means there was often a serious and

hurtful comparison, since many women with undoubted ability

would not thus place their exhibits. It implied that in the

special group, where exhibit was made, woman's mind differed

from that of man's to the extent that there was also a

difference in the result.

We owe sincere thanks to the progressive men in charge of the

Louisiana Purchase Exposition, that they listened with

intelligent appreciation to the plea from women for equal

representation, wherever their work was found worthy.

There is no mistaking the dignified effect of this edict, and

only the best in various lines gained admission to the exhibit

palaces.

In most exhibits the larger proportion was presented by men; and

in similar proportion the awards were assigned. There was,

however, no distinction made as to sex; and the members of the

various juries, including women, paid as careful attention to

the one exhibit as to the other, without reference to name,

often the only indication of sex.

There were some art, educational, and economic exhibits, placed

entirely by women, showing marvelous adaptability to the

limitations of environment, and also skill in artistic and

practical setting. Looking closely at the work in the several

departments, my opinion is that, while woman has not gained

greatly in inventive or constructive arts, she has gained

breadth in the applied arts and has grown immeasurably in

freedom of execution. This has been obtained partly by the

contact with man's work, extending through many centuries in

advance, and partly by the very fact that she must now stand

only on her own merits.

Women from foreign lands entered into competition in the

departments of art, education, and liberal arts to a very slight

extent, with some investigation in science, but in all a very

small proportion. This was natural, on account of the great

distance, and may be applied equally to the number of exhibitors

from across the water, whether men or women.

American women were found in nearly every field open to

competition, though it was the apparently proud statement of the

director of Mines and Metallurgy that there were no women on his

juries, which meant, of course, no exhibit. (NOTE.--Mrs. M.G.

Scrutchin was evidently appointed after this statement.)

The congresses were open to women, who appeared on the same

programmes with men, were paid the compliment of as large

audiences, were listened to with interest, and their opinions in

discussions answered with freedom. This occurred also in the

various associations, where men and women work side by side.

In the work of the superior jury, where for the first time the

right of membership was given to a representative of women, the

application of deliberation and judgment was made to the work of

men and women alike. Courtesy and the hand of fellowship were

extended to all. Exhibits were not specially investigated,

unless appeals from former jury awards were sent in. In such

case most careful and detailed investigation was made by the

special boards, to which were assigned certain departments.

There was no distinction of sex mentioned in the jury room; and

the time has evidently arrived when no less will be expected

from women--no more from men--than the quality of work merits.

FINAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF AWARDS.

The chairman of the committee of awards of the board of lady

managers begs leave to present the story and the report of that

committee to your honorable board.

We will not begin by saying "once upon a time," for this is no

fairy story, but we will hark back to that time when we, as a

board, were not, that we may refer to the vital words of the act

of Congress of March 3, 1901, which act provided for the

creation of a board of lady managers, gave the excuse for its

existence, and named specifically one duty it would be called

upon to perform, to wit: "To appoint one member of all

committees authorized to award prizes for such exhibits as shall

have been produced in whole or in part by female labor."

This phase of woman's work at the World's Fair formed the

principal topic of talk at the informal conference held in New

York, December 5, 1901, between the National Commission and the

members of the board of lady managers that had been appointed up

to that time.

The committee of awards was one of the last of the standing

committees to be appointed, but was the first committee

appointed by Mrs. Daniel Manning after her election to the

presidency of the board of lady managers in December, 1903, and

was as follows: Mrs. Frederick Hanger, chairman, Little Rock,

Ark.; Mrs. Richard W. Knott, Louisville, Ky.; Miss Lavinia H.

Egan, Shreveport, La.; Mrs. Fannie Lowry Porter, Atlanta, Ga.;

Mrs. Helen Boice-Hunsicker, Hoboken, N.J.

From the organization of the board its influence had been sought

and besought by women wishing positions connected with the

exposition work. The appointing of the committee of awards acted

like a wireless-telegraphy message throughout the country and

brought applications from "would be" jurors or recommendations

from friends of "would be" jurors until the files of the board

room were filled to the limit, and the colored postman of the

free-delivery postal service in the southern home of the

chairman thought he had relapsed into a "previous condition of

servitude."

The rules regulating the system of awards, enacted by the

Exposition Company, stated that the nomination for jurors must

be in the hands of the director of exhibits thirty days before

the opening of the exposition, for the approval of the

Exposition Company and the National Commission.

The division of exhibits had issued a list of all exhibits that

could be entered at the exposition, dividing them into 144

groups.

As woman's work is never done, and as she has worked her way

into almost every industrial avenue, to find out the "woman" in

the work of exhibits required more light than the act of

Congress or the rules of the Exposition Company gave on the

subject.

The chairman of the committee of awards made a special journey

to St. Louis, a month after the committee was appointed, and in

company with Miss Egan, a member of the committee, waited upon

the director of exhibits and asked that the World's Fair light,

for femininity, might be thrown on the 144 groups of exhibits,

that woman's work, "in whole or in part," might have a juror

appointed by the board of lady managers to judge of its merits.

The director of exhibits, with much genial graciousness, threw

up his official hands and said he was helpless, that not until

the exhibits were placed could the groups that would admit of

women jurors be determined, and that there would be women jurors

appointed by the Exposition Company as well as by the board of

lady managers. He suggested that we look carefully through the

144 groups and use our "judgment" as to which groups would call

for women jurors.

We asked the advisability of conferring with the heads of the

different departments, and were told that the information must

come through the director of exhibits. We were told to remember

that the list of women jurors must be limited to keep down the

expense of the jury work.

From this time until the 25th of July the board waited for the

classified list.

By correspondence among the members of the committee of awards,

by meeting of the same, and by suggestions from the entire

board, a long list of names of women eminent for intellectual,

artistic, material, and practical achievements was obtained from

which to choose women jurors. It seemed impossible for the

committee to make a report to present to the board for

acceptance until information in regard to the classified list

had been obtained.

Partial tentative reports were read at the March meeting, to

report progress and secure suggestions.

At a meeting of the board held April 29 a list of 83 names for

women jurors and their alternates was submitted by the committee

and accepted by the board. A motion carried to the effect that

power to act was left with the committee, as the classified list

had not been received from the Exposition Company and the

committee's use of "judgment" might be tempered with the blue

pencil of the Exposition Company.

The confirmation of names for jurors was made very

comprehensive, as the board at that time did not expect to meet

until after the jurors had served.

The president of the board was untiring in her efforts in behalf

of the jury work of the board. The chairman of the committee was

called to St. Louis twice on the special work of the jury list,

and the members of the board and committee by consultation with

members of the National Commission, officials of the Exposition

Company, and heads of departments, held out for what they

considered the full rights of the nominating power of the board,

with the hope of bringing American womanhood in touch, as near

as possible, with the work of the exposition.

The following communications indicate the progress made:

ST. Louis, _July 22, 1904._

DEAR SIR: In regard to the appointment of women jurors the board

of lady managers begs leave to state that names of women jurors

for 83 groups have been approved by the board. We have been

informed that the classified list of groups is in your hands,

and we would be glad to receive it at the earliest possible

date.

Very respectfully,

M. MARGARETTA MANNING,

_President._

Hon. DAVID R. FRANCIS,

_President Louisiana Purchase Exposition,_

_Exposition Grounds, St. Louis, Mo._

St. Louis, _July 25, 1904._

MADAM PRESIDENT: The Exposition Company, through the executive

committee, has approved the accompanying report of the director

of exhibits, and hereby certifies to the board of lady managers

the number of groups in which the exhibits have been produced in

whole or in part by female labor.

This is in response to your letter addressed to the president

under date of July 22, and this day submitted to the executive

committee.

The groups so certified are as follows:

_Education_.--Group 1, Elementary education. Group 2, Secondary

education. Group 3, Higher education. Group 4, Special education

in fine arts. Group 7, Education of defectives.

_Fine arts_.--Group 9, Paintings and drawings. Group 11,

Sculpture. Group 12, Architecture. Group 14, Original objects in

art workmanship.

_Liberal arts_.--Group 16, Photography. Group 17, Books and

publications--Bookbinding. Group 18, Maps and apparatus for

geography, cosmography, topography.

_Manufactures_.--Group 37, Decoration and fixed furniture of

buildings and dwellings. Group 45, Ceramics. Group 52, Equipment

and processes used in bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing

textiles in their various stages. Group 53, Equipment and

processes used in sewing and making wearing apparel. Group 58,

Laces, embroidery, and trimmings. Group 59, Industries,

producing wearing apparel for men, women, and children. Group

61, Various industries connected with clothing.

_Machinery_.--None.

_Electricity_.--None.

_Transportation_.--None.

_Agriculture_.--Group 78, Farm equipment--Methods of improving

land. Group 84, Vegetable food products--Agricultural seeds.

Group 88, Bread and pastry. Group 89, Preserved meat, fish,

vegetables, and fruit. Group 90, Sugar and

confectionery--Condiments and relishes. Group 92, Wines and

brandies.

_Live stock_.--None.

_Horticulture_.--Group 107, Pomology.

_Forestry_.--None.

_Mines and metallurgy_.--None.

_Fish and game_.--None.

_Anthropology_.--None.

_Social economy_.--Group 129, Study and investigation of social

and economic conditions. Group 133, Methods of industrial

remuneration. Group 136, Housing of the working classes. Group

137, The liquor question. Group 139, Charities and corrections.

Group 141, Municipal improvement.

_Physical culture_.--None

Very respectfully,

DAVID R. FRANCIS,

_President._

MRS. DANIEL MANNING,

_President Board of Lady Managers._

St. Louis, Mo., _July 30, 1904._

DEAR SIR: The accompanying list of 83 women jurors, to serve on

the committee of awards of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition,

has been made by the board of lady managers and is hereby

submitted for approval to the Exposition Company and to the

National Commission.

This list has been made according to the authorization granted

to the board in section 6 of the acts of Congress approved March

3, 1901, to wit, "To nominate one member of all committees

authorized to award prizes for such exhibits as shall have been

produced in whole or in part by female labor."

Yours, truly,

M. MARGARETTA MANNING,

_President._

FRANCES MARION HANGER,

_Chairman Committee of Awards._

Hon. DAVID R. FRANCIS,

_President Louisiana Purchase Exposition,_

_Administration Building._

AUGUST 4, 1904.

MY DEAR MADAM PRESIDENT: Responding to your communication of

July 30, transmitting a list of women jurors and alternate

jurors, that you recommend for appointment, and which you submit

for approval by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company and

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, I beg to state

that under the rules and regulations of the Louisiana Purchase

Exposition Company, approved by the National Commission, the

board of lady managers may appoint 32 women jurors and women

alternate jurors.

As the number of names submitted by you greatly exceeds the

number you are permitted to nominate under the rules and

regulations above referred to, the list is herewith returned for

revision. If the names you have submitted for appointment upon

the groups for which the board of lady managers are entitled to

make nominations are the ones you desire in these particular

groups, they will be entertained for confirmation, but it may be

you will desire to readjust your list.

Very respectfully,

D.R. FRANCIS,

_President._

MRS. DANIEL MANNING,

_President Board Lady Managers._

AUGUST 9, 1904.

DEAR SIR: In response to your letter received August 8, in

relist of nominations for the women jurors made by the board of

lady managers, I beg leave to state that said list was made

under what the board believed to be the interpretation of

section 6 of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1901, which

would seem to provide for the appointment of "one member of all

committees authorized to award prizes for such exhibits as may

have been produced in whole or in part by female labor."

We regret exceedingly that "in the discretion of said commission

and corporation" referred to in said act, the list of groups has

been reduced from 83 to 32.

We respectfully ask, however, that a favorable consideration may

be given to four additional groups, viz: No. 125, Literature;

No. 126, Somatology; No. 127, Ethnology, and No. 128,

Ethnography. These groups have been specially designated by the

chief of the Department of Anthropology, the names of nominees

submitted are those approved by him, and it is most desirable

that this request be granted.

We herewith hand you revised list, readjusted as per your

instructions.

Respectfully submitted.

FRANCES MARION HANGER,

_Chairman on Committee of Awards_.

Hon. DAVID R. FRANCIS,

_President Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company_.

EDUCATION (DEPARTMENT A).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and title of group. | Principals. | Alternates.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 1, Elementary education|Miss Anna Tolman Smith, |Miss Clara Hellwig,

| Washington, D.C. | Plainfield, N.J.

Group 2, Secondary education |Miss Anna G. MacDougal, |Miss Mary Boyce Temple,

| Chicago, Ill. | Knoxville, Tenn.

Group 3, Higher education |Miss Caroline Hazzard, |Mrs. Charles Perkins,

| Wellesley College, | Knoxville, Tenn.

| Wellesley, Mass. |

Group 4, Fine arts |Mrs. E.A. Thayer, Denver, |Mrs. Charles Cary, Delaware

| Colo. | avenue, Buffalo, N.Y.

Group 7, State institutions |Mrs. Sarah Platt Decker, |Mrs. George Noyes,

| Denver, Colo. | Milwaukee, Wis.

Group 9, Painting and |Mrs. J. Montgomery Sears, |Miss Mary Solari,

drawing | Boston, Mass. | Memphis, Tenn.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ART (DEPARTMENT B).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 11, Sculpture |Mrs. Elizabeth St. John |Miss Enid Yandell,

| Matthews, New York, N.Y. | Louisville, Ky.

Group 12, Architecture |Miss Rose Weld, Newport |Miss Susan N. Ketcham,

| News. Va. | Carnegie Hall, N.Y.

Group 14, Art workmanship |Mrs. Eugene Field, Buena |Miss Alice Barber Stevens,

| Park, Ill. | Philadelphia, Pa.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LIBERAL ARTS (DEPARTMENT C).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 16, Photography |Miss Francis B. Johnston, |Mrs. Charles Ladd,

| Washington, D.C. | Portland, Oreg.

Group 17, Publishing and |Mrs. Horace S. Smith, |Miss Bulkley, Hillside,

bookbinding. | Chicago, Ill. | Mo.

Group 18, Maps, apparatus for|Mrs. Fannie Hicks Woolwine,|Mrs. M.G. Scrutchin,

geography. | Nashville, Tenn. | Atlanta, Ga.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MANUFACTURES (DEPARTMENT D).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and title of group. | Principals. | Alternates.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 37, Furniture and |Mrs. Candace Wheeler, New |Mrs. R.A. Edgerton,

household decoration. | York, N.Y. | Berwyn, Ill.

Group 45, Ceramics |Mrs. Isaac Boyd, Atlanta, |Miss Henrietta Ord Jones,

| Ga. | New York City.

Group 52, Bleaching and |Miss Madolin Wynn, |Mrs. W.S. Major,

dyeing, etc. | Deerfield, Mass. | Shelbyville, Ind.

Group 53, Equipment and |Mrs. Elisha Dyer, sr., |Mrs. Frederick Nathan,

processes used in making | Providence, R.I. | New York City.

clothes. | |

Group 58, Lace trimming and |Mrs. E.D. Wood, |Mrs. Noble Prentiss,

embroidery. | Indianapolis, Ind. | Leavenworth, Kans.

Group 59, Industries |Miss Margaret Summers, |

producing wearing apparel. | Louisville, Ky. |

Group 61, Industries |Mrs. F.K. Bowes, Chicago, |Miss Runley, Clinton,

connected with clothing. | Ill. | N.Y.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT H).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 78, Agriculture-- |Mrs. W.H. Felton, |Miss Myra Dock,

Methods of improving lands. | Cartersville, Ga. | Harrisburg, Pa.

Group 84, Vegetable products |Mrs. Christine Terhune |Mrs. E.W. Williams,

| Herrick, Haworth, N.Y. | Winona, Minn.

Group 88, Bread and pastry |Mrs. F.H. Pugh, Bellevue, |Mrs. John B. Henderson,

| Nebr. | Washington, D.C.

Group 89, Preserved meats, |Mrs. E.L. Lamb, Jackson, |Mrs. Minnie H. Lawton,

fish, vegetables, and fruit.| Miss. | Omaha, Nebr.

Group 90, Sugar and |Miss Carolyn Hempstead, |Mrs. R.P. Bland, Lebanon,

confectionery--Condiments | Little Rock, Ark. | Mo.

and relishes. | |

Group 92, Wines and brandies.|Miss Cruse, Helena, Mont. |Mrs. W.C. Ralston, San

| | Francisco, Cal.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HORTICULTURE (DEPARTMENT J).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 107, Pomology |Mrs. M.B.R. Day, Frankfort,|Mrs. Robert Fulton,

| Ky. | Buffalo, N.Y.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ANTHROPOLOGY (DEPARTMENT N).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 125, Literature |Miss Grace King, New |Miss Annie Scoville,

| Orleans, La. | Stamford, Conn.

Group 126, Somatology |Miss Alice Fletcher, |Mrs. Nelson H. Doubleday,

| Washington, D.C. | New York, N.Y.

Group 127, Ethnology |Mrs. Alice P. Henderson, |Miss Matilda Coxe

| Tacoma Wash. | Stevenson, Washington, D.C.

Group 128, Ethnography |Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, |Miss Cora Peters,

| Cambridge, Mass. | Washington, D.C. (United

| | States Indian Bureau).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SOCIAL ECONOMY (DEPARTMENT 0).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group 129, Study and |Miss Caroline Greisheimer, |Mrs. J.M. Glenn, Baltimore,

investigation of social and | Washington, D.C. | Baltimore, Md.

economic conditions. | |

Group 135, Provident |Mrs. Eliza Eads How, St. |Miss Margaret Wade,

institutions. | Louis, Mo. | Washington, D.C.

Group 136, Housing of the |Miss Jane Addams, Chicago, |Mrs. H.G.R. Wright,

working classes. | Ill. | Denver, Colo.

Group 137, The liquor |Countess of Aberdeen |Mrs. Ralph Trautman,

question | | New York, N.Y.

Group 139, Charities and |Miss Mary E. Perry, St. |Miss Josephine Woodward,

correction. | Louis, Mo. | Cincinnati Ohio.

Group 141, Municipal |Mrs. E.P. Turner, Dallas, |Mrs. Condé Hamlin,

improvement. | Tex. | St. Paul, Minn.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The foregoing list was confirmed by the Exposition Company and

the National Commission (August 21).

The group jurors were notified at the earliest possible moment

of their appointment.

The time that most of the jurors began to serve was September 1.

The list of jurors who served under appointment from the board

of lady managers was as follows:

List of Group Jurors--Board of Lady Managers.

Education:

Group 1, Miss Anna Tolman Smith, Washington, D.C.

Group 2, Miss Anna G. MacDougal, Chicago, Ill.

Group 3, Miss Mary Boyce Temple, Knoxville, Tenn.

Group 4, Mrs. E.A. Thayer, Denver, Colo.

Group 7, Miss Hope Loughborough, Cleveland, Ohio.

Art:

Group 9, Miss Mary Solari, Memphis, Tenn.

Group 11, Mrs. Elizabeth St. John Matthews, New York.

Group 12, Miss Rose Weld, Newport News, Va.

Group 14, Mrs. Eugene Field, Buena Park, Ill.

Liberal Arts:

Group 16, Miss Frances Benjamin Johnston, Washington, D.C.

Group 17, Mrs. Horace S. Smith, Chicago, Ill.

Group 18, Mrs. W.M. Woolwine, Nashville, Tenn.

Manufactures:

Group 37, Mrs. R.A. Edgerton, Milwaukee, Wis.

Group 45, Mrs. Isaac Boyd, Atlanta, Ga.

Groups 53 and 61, Mrs. F.K. Bowes, Chicago, Ill.; Mrs. A.G.

Harrow, Ottumwa, Iowa.

Groups 58 and 59, Mrs. E.D. Wood, Indianapolis, Ind.; Mrs.

Margaret Summers, Louisville, Ky.; Mrs. W.S. Major,

Shelbyville, Ind.

Agriculture:

Group 78, Mrs. W.H. Felton, Cartersville, Ga.

Group 88, Mrs. F.H. Pugh, Bellevue, Nebr.

Group 89, Mrs. E.L. Lamb, Jackson, Miss.

Group 90, Miss Carolyn Hempstead, Little Rock, Ark.

Horticulture:

Group 107, Mrs. M.B.R. Day, Frankfort, Ky.

Anthropology:

Group 125, Miss Alice C. Fletcher, Washington, D.C.

Group 126, Mrs. Alice Palmer Henderson, Washington, D.C.

Group 127, Miss Cora Peters, Washington, D.C.

Group 128, Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, Cambridge, Mass.

Social Economy:

Group 129, Miss Caroline Greisheimer, Washington, D.C.

Group 135, Miss Margaret Wade, Washington, D.C.

Group 136, Miss Jane Addams, Chicago, Ill.

Group 139, Miss Mary Perry, St. Louis, Mo.

Group 141, Mrs. E.P. Turner, Dallas, Tex.; Mrs. Conde Hamlin,

St. Paul, Minn.

The appointment of the departmental jurors had been provided for

in the extensive jury list approved April 29, but at the request

of three of the members of the National Commission the list of

departmental jurors was further confirmed by a meeting of the

board called for that purpose on September 20, and these jurors

began their work almost immediately.

The following list of department jurors was sent to the

Exposition Company and the National Commission:

Department A, Education:

Mrs. W.E. Fischel (principal), 3841 Washington Boulevard, St.

Louis, Mo.

Miss Anna Tolman Smith (alternate), care Mr. Howard J. Rogers, chief

department of education.

Department B, Art:

Mrs. Montgomery Sears (principal), Boston, Mass.

Miss Cecelia Beaux (alternate), South Washington square, New York

City.

Department C, Liberal Arts:

Miss Olive Seward (principal), 1725 Nineteenth street, Washington,

D.C.

Mrs. H.A. Langford (alternate), 5817 Rosalie court, Chicago, Ill.

Department D, Manufactures:

Miss Thekla M. Bernays (principal), St. Louis, Mo.

Mrs. W.H. Clapp (alternate), 28 West Eighth street, New York City.

Department E, Machinery:

Miss Kate Gleason (principal), care The Gleason Works, Rochester,

N.Y.

Miss Edith J. Griswold (alternate), St. Paul Building, New York

City.

Department F, Electricity:

Miss Hope Loughborough (principal), Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Miss Madolin Wynn (alternate), Deerfield, Mass.

Department G, Transportation exhibits:

Miss Rose Weld (principal), care Mrs. Dimmock, Newport News, Va.

Mrs. Robert Fulton (alternate), care Mrs. J.M. Horton, Buffalo,

N.Y.

Department H, Agriculture:

Mrs. Martha Shute (principal), secretary State board agriculture,

Denver, Colo.

Mrs. Edward Gilchrist Low (alternate), Lothrop, Groton, Mass.

Department J, Horticulture:

Mrs. Ida L. Turner (principal), Fort Worth, Tex.

Mrs. M.B.R. Day (alternate), Frankfort, Ky.

Department K, Forestry:

Miss Myra Dock (principal), State forestry restoration commissioner,

Harrisburg, Pa.

Mrs. J.M. Glenn (alternate), 617 Columbia avenue, Baltimore, Md.

Department L, Mines and Metallurgy:

Mrs. M.G. Scrutchin (principal), 96 East Linden street, Atlanta,

Ga.

Mrs. E.L. Lamb (alternate), Jackson, Miss.

Department M, Fish and Game:

Miss Mary Stuart Armstrong (principal), editor Elite, Chicago, Ill.

Mrs. C.E. Hatch (alternate), Kentland, Ind.

Department N, Anthropology:

Mrs. Zelia Nuttall (principal), care Peabody Museum, Cambridge,

Mass.

Mrs. Emily Cook (alternate), Bureau Indian Affairs, Washington, D.C.

Department O, Social Economy:

Miss Jane Addams (principal), Hull House, Chicago, Ill.

Mrs. Lilian Cantrell Bay (alternate), 5904 Clemens avenue, St.

Louis, Mo.

Department P, Physical Culture:

Miss Clara S. Helwig (principal), Plainfield, N.J.

Miss Margaret Wade (alternate), 912 Nineteenth street, Washington,

D.C.

It was found, upon communicating with the above named, that very

many could not serve, and no provision having been made for

alternates many changes became necessary. The following list was

subsequently transmitted to the Exposition Company and National

Commission, two of even these, however, failing to serve:

Department A, Education, Mrs. W.E. Fischel, 3341 Washington

Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo.

Department B, Art, Miss Mary Bullock, Hillside, Mo.

Department C, Liberal Arts, Mrs. H.A. Langford, Chicago, Ill.

Department D, Manufactures, Miss Thekla M. Bernays, St. Louis,

Mo.

Department E, Machinery, Miss Edith J. Griswold, New York City.

Department F, Electricity, Miss Hope Loughborough, Cleveland,

Ohio.

Department G, Transportation exhibits, Miss Rose Weld, Newport

News, Va.

Department H, Agriculture, Mrs. Richard P. Bland, Lebanon, Mo.

Department J, Horticulture, Mrs. Ida L. Turner, Fort Worth, Tex.

Department K, Forestry, Mrs. J.M. Glenn, Baltimore, Md.

Department L, Mines and Metallurgy, Mrs. M.G. Scrutchin,

Atlanta, Ga.

Department M, Fish and Game, Miss Mary Stuart Armstrong,

Chicago, Ill.

Department N, Anthropology, Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, Cambridge, Mass.

Department O, Social Economy, Miss Jane Addams, Chicago, Ill.

The committee of awards regrets that the discretionary power of

the Exposition Company restricted the appointive power of the

board, and that the late hour of the appointments prevented a

number of the jurors from accepting.

It was a great pleasure to the members of the board and the

committee to meet and to entertain the clever and attractive

women jurors, who served with distinction in their work and who

in every possible way showed their appreciation of the honor

conferred upon them by the board of lady managers of the

Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

Respectfully submitted.

FRANCES MARION HANGER,

_Chairman._

JENNIE GILMORE KNOTT.

LAVINIA H. EGAN.

FANNIE LOWRY PORTER.

HELEN BOICE-HUNSICKER.

Madam PRESIDENT,

_Board of Lady Managers._

The tenth meeting of the board was called on November 9, 1904. Many

matters in connection with the closing of the work of the board in St.

Louis were disposed of, and the following resolution passed concerning

the preparation of its final report:

I move that the president of this board be requested to make a

final report of the work of this board.

On December 2 the last session of the board was held in the building

which it had occupied during all the months of the exposition, and it

was with a feeling of genuine regret that the members separated, never

to meet again in the house which had been the scene of many interesting

gatherings.

On the day following the official closing of the exposition the

Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company sent their representative to make

an inventory of the contents of the building, preparatory to the

dismantling of the house which was thereafter to be known as the Physics

Building and be occupied by students of the Washington University. On

December 13 formal and final surrender was made by the president on

behalf of the board of lady managers to the Exposition Company.

The following is the final report of the house committee for the

exposition period:

On the 30th day of April, 1904, at the opening of the greatest

exposition the world has ever known, and commemorating one of

the most important events in the history of our country, the

board of lady managers, created by act of Congress and appointed

by the National Commission, designed by the wisdom and

forethought of one of our most dearly beloved Chief Executives,

to represent the women of America in setting forth to the world

woman's part, not only in the making of the exposition but in

the real expansion and development of our great nation, found

itself, by a combination of circumstances fortuitous or

otherwise, resolved into a committee on entertainment, with a

commodious and elegantly appointed home to call its own and the

appropriation of $100,000 to spend on furnishing, entertaining,

and necessary expenses of the board. It is therefore the

pleasure of this your house committee to report for the entire

exposition period beginning April 30, 1904, and ending December

1, 1905, the house in order each day from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., for

the reception of the public and for a series of entertainments,

which, by reason of the number of distinguished men and women

thus brought together, were international in character, and of a

nature and brilliancy in the highest degree pleasing to the

board itself. During this time some 25,000 guests were

entertained by the board at the special functions and the

informal afternoon teas, the latter having been made a most

attractive and interesting feature, dispensing the board's

hospitality toward the close of the Fair. For every month, save

August, a number of formal affairs were given, including

luncheons, receptions, and dinners.

It was particularly fitting that the initial feast spread by the

board of lady managers in its exposition home should have been

given in honor of the National Commission, the Government's

representative in the great World's Fair. To this dinner, given

on the evening of the 30th of April, under the trying

circumstances attendant upon a day strenuous with opening

exercises and the disadvantages of the rapid adjustment of

household arrangements, 100 guests were bidden, among them

Secretary Taft, who represented the President of the United

States in the opening events, members of the Senate and House

committees, and governors of States. President Carter of the

National Commission was toastmaster on this occasion, and toasts

were given by President David R. Francis, Senator Daniel,

Congressman Tawney, and Hon. M.H. de Young.

A reception in honor of Mrs. David R. Francis followed on May 9,

to which 500 guests were invited.

On May 17 a brilliant company of 500 was entertained at an

afternoon reception in honor of the representatives of the Army

and Navy in and near St. Louis. Ladies of the Army and Navy

assisted in receiving, and many distinguished persons were

present.

On May 19, immediately following the Louisiana Purchase Day

exercises of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, a luncheon

was given by the board of lady managers in honor of the

delegates to the General Federation.

Miss Alice Roosevelt was the honoree of a luncheon given on May

31, to which 600 guests were bidden. The affair was most

charming and successful.

Having thus during the opening month announced itself, the board

of lady managers continued during the exposition to contribute

its quota to the social life of the great fair.

The distinguished foreigners whom it was the privilege of the

board to especially honor were the representatives of foreign

governments, with a reception on June 17; Prince Pu Lun, to whom

a dinner of 52 covers was given on July 10, and Prince Fushimi,

for whom a reception was held on November 22. Receptions to the

Interparliamentary Union on September 12 and to the Congress of

Arts and Sciences on September 20 were also international in

character, a number of distinguished foreigners being present.

Among the special functions given, none was more successful or

more brilliant than the dinner in honor of President David R.

Francis, on November 12, to which 140 guests were invited.

The building of the board of lady managers, with the changes

made by the board, was, both in its appointments and location,

admirably adapted for the purpose for which it was set aside,

and in itself was a tribute to the necessity and advantage of

cooperation on the part of the board.

The whole lower floor of the building was beautifully fitted up

for the reception and entertainment of guests and the upper

floor was reserved for the private use of the board, being

divided into board room, secretary's room, reception room,

apartments for the president of the board, and quarters for all

members of the board who wished to avail themselves of the

hospitality of the home while in the city.

The house was conducted as any well-organized household under

the direction of the rotating committee, composed of the

resident members in St. Louis, and the members rotating each

month. They were ably assisted by a very capable hostess.

The house committee are greatly indebted to Miss Julia McBlair,

for the gracious manner in which she served the board as hostess

during the period of the exposition.

The work of the house committee is so closely allied to that of

the committee on ceremonies that it is somewhat difficult to

draw a line between the duties of the two or to set forth in a

formal report the differences.