breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.15.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
5. _Dictyopodium thyrsolophus_, n. sp. (Pl. 73, fig. 7).
Shell subconical, rough, with two slight strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 2 : 4, breadth = 1 : 3 : 6. Cephalis hemispherical, with an
elegant horn, which is half as long as the shell, spindle-shaped and scaly
on the distal third. Thorax hemispherical, with small, regular, circular
pores. Abdomen inflated, papillate, with regular, circular pores, three
times as large as the thoracic pores (five to six in the course of its
length). Feet slightly divergent, cylindrical, about as long as the shell,
shovel-shaped and fenestrated (with a prominent middle rib) at the distal
end.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.18.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
Subfamily 2. THEOPERIDA, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--#Podocyrtida# with the basal mouth of the shell fenestrated
(vel Tricyrtida triradiata clausa).
Genus 595. _Lithornithium_,[212] Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss.
Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 54.
_Definition._--#Theoperida# (vel Tricyrtida triradiata clausa) with three
solid lateral wings on the thorax.
The genus _Lithornithium_ has an ovate or spindle-shaped shell, with two
distinct strictures, and tapering towards both poles. The abdomen is
simple, whilst the cephalis bears an apical horn, and the thorax three
free, lateral, solid, divergent wings. It may be derived from _Pterocorys_
by development of a terminal lattice-plate closing the mouth.
1. _Lithornithium ciconia_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 3).
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with two indistinct strictures. Length of the
three joints = 1 : 2 : 4, breadth = 1 : 3 : 3. Cephalis ovate, with a large
pyramidal spine of twice the length. Thorax three-sided pyramidal with
three pyramidal wings of the same length, the broad triangular bases of
which occupy the whole length of the thoracic edges. Abdomen inversely
ovate (in the {1355}figured specimen broken off, in another specimen, found
afterwards, completely closed at the distal end). Pores very small,
regular, circular, of equal size.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--South Atlantic, Station 332, depth 2200 fathoms.
2. _Lithornithium falco_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 1).
Shell nearly ovate, with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 4, breadth = 1 : 4 : 3. Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical
spine of the same length. Thorax subspherical, with three conical wings of
half the length, little curved, arising with broad triangular base from the
upper half of the thorax. Abdomen inversely conical. Pores irregular,
roundish, of different sizes.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.07;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
3. _Lithornithium trochilus_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 4).
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with two deep strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 2 : 3, breadth = 1 : 3 : 2. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
thin curved horn of the same length. Cephalis subovate, with three thin
curved wings of half the length, arising with broad base from its upper
half. Abdomen ovate. Pores subregular, circular, of slightly different
sizes.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.015, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
4. _Lithornithium foveolatum_, Ehrenberg.
_Lithornithium foveolatum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 78, Taf. iv. fig. 7.
Shell subovate, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 4 : 3, breadth = 3 : 5 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical, with a short
conical spine of the same length. Thorax subspherical, with three broad
triangular wings of half the length arising from its lower half. Abdomen
subconical. Pores small, regular, circular, of nearly equal size.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.03;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
5. _Lithornithium fringilla_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 2).
Shell ovate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
4 : 7 : 4, breadth = 3 : 7 : 5. Cephalis ovate, with a pyramidal spine of
the same length Thorax subconical, with three stout {1356}conical, curved
wings of half the length, arising from its lower third (immediately above
the girdle). Abdomen inversely campanulate. Pores subregular, circular, of
equal size.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.05.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
6. _Lithornithium hirundo_, Ehrenberg.
_Lithocampe hirundo_, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 65.
_Lithornithium hirundo_, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xix. fig. 53.
Shell nearly ovate, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 6 : 4, breadth = 2 : 7 : 5. Cephalis hemispherical, with an oblique,
conical horn of twice the length. Thorax hemispherical, with three long,
angular, little divergent wings of twice the length, which are S-shaped,
curved, and arise from its lower third, immediately above the girdle.
Abdomen inversely conical. Pores irregular, roundish, of different sizes.
In the figure of Ehrenberg the abdomen is broken off; in a specimen from
Caltanisetta, with somewhat shorter and broader wings, I found it complete.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.05.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Tertiary rocks of the Mediterranean (Ægina, Greece;
Caltanisetta, Sicily).
Genus 596. _Sethornithium_,[213] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--#Theoperida# (vel Tricyrtida triradiata clausa) with three
latticed lateral wings on the thorax.
The genus _Sethornithium_ differs from the preceding _Lithornithium_, its
ancestral form, only in the fenestration of the three thoracic wings, and
bears therefore to it the same relation that _Dictyoceras_ exhibits to
_Pterocorys_.
1. _Sethornithium dictyopterum_, n. sp. Pl. 68, fig. 14.
Shell ovate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 4 : 3, breadth = 1 : 5 : 4. Cephalis ovate, with a pyramidal horn of
twice the length. From the middle part of the thorax arise three broad,
triangular, latticed wings of about the same length, the distal end of each
of which is curved downwards. Abdomen inversely conical. Pores regular,
circular. (Similar to _Lithornithium fringilla_, Pl. 67, fig. 2, but with
much larger wings, which in the greater part are fenestrated.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
{1357}Genus 597. _Theopera_,[214] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--#Theoperida# (vel Tricyrtida triradiata clausa) with three
lateral wings, beginning from the sides of the thorax and prolonged into
the sides of the abdomen.
The genus _Theopera_ differs from the two preceding genera in the greater
extension of the three lateral wings, which are prolonged from their
original base, the thorax, into the inversely conical abdomen. It has
therefore an intermediate position between the preceding and the following
genera. It differs from the similar _Pterocanium_ and _Theopodium_ in the
closure of the constricted and fenestrated mouth.
1. _Theopera prismatica_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 7).
_Rhopalocanium prismaticum_, Haeckel, 1879, Atlas, pl. lxvii. fig. 7.
Shell three-sided prismatic, with three broad and long hyaline wings, which
are prolonged from the collar stricture almost to the basal end, with three
parallel edges. Length of the three joints = 2 : 8 : 10, breadth =
3 : 9 : 8. Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical horn of the same length.
Thorax subspherical; abdomen inversely ovate; pores of both small, regular,
circular, of equal size.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--South Atlantic, Station 332. depth 2200 fathoms.
2. _Theopera pyramis_, Haeckel.
_Rhopalocanium_ sp., Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados, pl. xvii. fig.
8.
Shell three-sided pyramidal, with three broad and long hyaline wings, which
are prolonged from the collar stricture almost to the basal end, with three
diverging edges. Length of the three joints = 3 : 8 : 11, breadth =
4 : 8 : 9. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of the same length.
Thorax hemispherical; abdomen inversely campanulate. Pores in the abdomen
twice to three times as broad as in the thorax, subregular, circular.
Differs from the preceding species mainly in the broader pyramidal form and
the divergence of the wings.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.11;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
3. _Theopera fusiformis_ (Pl. 67, fig. 5).
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, rough, with two slight strictures. Length of
the three joints = 2 : 3 : 6, breadth = 2 : 5 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical,
large, with an oblique conical horn of the same length. Thorax
hemispherical; abdomen inversely conical. Pores irregular, roundish, of
very {1358}different sizes. Three wings short, broad, diverging,
triangular, and striated, embracing at the base the lumbar stricture, the
lower third of the thorax and the upper third of the abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.045, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 263 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925
fathoms.
4. _Theopera luscinia_, Haeckel.
_Lithornithium luscinia_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 78, Taf. iv. fig. 9.
Shell slenderly ovate, with distinct collar, but indistinct lumbar
strictures. Length of the three joints = 1 : 3 : 6, breadth = 1 : 5 : 5.
Cephalis hemispherical, with a slender cylindrical horn of three times the
length, bearing a spindle-shaped spinulate top (like a fir-cone). Pores
subregular, circular, twice as broad in the abdomen as in the thorax. Three
wings arising with broad triangular base, embracing the lower third of the
thorax and the upper third of the abdomen, prolonged into three slender
diverging spines, as long as the shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints _a_ 0.015, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
5. _Theopera chytropus_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 6).
Shell slender, ovate, with distinct collar, but indistinct lumbar
stricture. Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 5, breadth = 1 : 3 : 3.
Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical horn of the same length. Pores in
the thorax and abdomen of similar shape, irregular, roundish. Three wings
with broad triangular base attached at the upper half of the shell, in the
lower half free, diverging, with a spinulate knob at the distal end.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.15;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 265 to 268, depth 2700 to 2900
fathoms.
6. _Theopera cortina_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 8).
Shell slender, ovate, with distinct collar, but indistinct lumbar
stricture. Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 6, breadth 1 : 4 : 4.
Cephalis subspherical, with an elegant pyramidal horn of three times the
length, bearing an ovate, spinulate knob. Pores subregular, circular, two
or three times as large in the abdomen as in the thorax. The three wings
are slightly elevated small ribs on the thorax, arise with broad,
triangular, striated bases in the upper half of the abdomen, and are
prolonged into three slender diverging feet, which are as long as the
shell, and bear a spinulate, ovate knob at the distal end.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.13;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 338, depth 1990 fathoms.
{1359}Genus 598. _Rhopalocanium_,[215] Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k.
preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 54.
_Definition._--#Theoperida# (vel Tricyrtida triradiata clausa) with three
lateral wings on the sides of the inversely conical abdomen, which bears no
vertical terminal horn on the basal apex.
The genus _Rhopalocanium_, and the closely allied _Rhopalatractus_ which
follows, differ from the preceding _Theopera_, their probable ancestral
form, in the origin of the three lateral wings from the inversely conical
abdomen, the thorax bearing no wings. The upper part of the wing bases,
which arose formerly from the thorax, is here reduced and lost.
1. _Rhopalocanium lasanum_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 10).
Shell subovate, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 3, breadth = 1 : 3 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical,
dimpled horn of twice the length. Thorax subconical, abdomen campanulate,
both with irregular, circular pores. Three wings cylindrical, divergent,
about as long as the shell, striated, with an ovate, dimpled knob at the
distal end, their broad triangular base being attached to the upper half of
the abdomen. (Form rather variable.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 263 to 268, depth 2650 to 3000
fathoms.
2. _Rhopalocanium ornatum_, Ehrenberg.
_Rhopalocanium ornatum_, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xxxvi. fig. 9;
Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1875, p. 82, Taf. xvii. fig. 8.
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with two distinct strictures. Length of the
three joints = 1 : 3 : 6, breadth = 1 : 4 : 3. Cephalis hemispherical, with
a stout, cylindrical horn of twice the length, bearing a dimpled cone.
Thorax ovate, campanulate. Abdomen inversely conical. Pores subregular,
circular, twice as large in the thorax as in the abdomen. Three wings
compressed, slender, divergent, slightly longer than the abdomen, bearing
an ovate, dimpled cone at their distal end, with the broad, triangular,
striated base attached to the upper third of the abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
3. _Rhopalocanium cortinium_, n. sp.
Shell slender, ovate, nearly of the same form as, and with similar
fenestration to that of _Theopera cortina_, (Pl. 67, fig. 8). It differs
from the latter mainly by the absence of the three thoracic ribs,
characteristic of _Theopera_. Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 6,
breadth = 1 : 4 : 4. The {1360}three wings arise by a broad, triangular,
striated base from the upper half of the abdomen, below the lumbar
stricture. The cephalic horn and the three divergent wings are shorter, and
at the distal end not so much thickened as in _Theopera cortina_.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.045, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.
4. _Rhopalocanium pythia_, n. sp.
_Rhopalocanium ornatum_, Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados, pl. vi.
fig. 1.
Shell nearly ovate, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 4 : 8, breadth = 1 : 4 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn
of three times the length. Thorax inflated, abdomen inversely campanulate
and prolonged into a short, conical, latticed tube. Pores subregular,
circular. Three wings slender, as long as the abdomen, arising by a broader
base from the uppermost part of the abdomen, their thickened end being
curved inwards.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.15;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
5. _Rhopalocanium delphicum_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 9).
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with two deep strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 2 : 4, breadth = 1 : 3 : 3. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
slender, conical, curved horn, as long as the hemispherical thorax. Abdomen
inversely campanulate, prolonged into a short, conical, latticed tube.
Pores subregular, circular. Three wings arising by a narrow base from the
uppermost part of the abdomen, slender, cylindrical, S-shaped, curved,
divergent, with a thick scaly appendix like a fir-cone at the distal end.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.14;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
Genus 599. _Rhopalatractus_,[216] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.
_Definition._--#Theoperida# (vel Tricyrtida triradiata clausa) with three
lateral wings on the sides of the inversely conical abdomen, which bears a
vertical terminal horn on the basal apex.
The genus _Rhopalatractus_, one of the most remarkable forms of Tricyrtida,
differs from the preceding _Rhopalocanium_, its ancestral form, in the
production of a vertical, basal horn, which descends from the basal apex of
the inversely conical abdomen, and is opposed to the upper apical horn of
the cephalis. The shell becomes here, therefore, exquisitely
spindle-shaped.
{1361}1. _Rhopalatractus pentacanthus_, n. sp. (Pl. 68, fig. 11).
Shell very thick-walled, with two sharp strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 6 : 8, breadth = 1 : 6 : 7. Cephalis hemispherical, with
conical cavity, and a conical horn of twice the length. Thorax
subspherical, separated from the abdomen by a deep lumbar stricture, with
small, regular, circular, hexagonally-framed pores. Abdomen three-sided
prismatic, with three strong, prominent, wing-shaped edges, which are
slightly divergent towards the base, and prolonged into three pyramidal
feet about as long as the thorax. Pores of the abdomen disposed in
longitudinal rows, which are separated by denticulate crests. Abdominal
base inversely pyramidal, and prolonged into a very large, cylindrical,
basal, axial spine, nearly as long as the whole shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.15;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.11, _c_ 0.14.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
2. _Rhopalatractus foveolatus_, n. sp. (Pl. 68, fig. 10).
Shell slenderly ovate, thick-walled, with rough, dimpled surface. Length of
the three joints = 1 : 3 : 5, breadth = 2 : 4 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical,
with spherical cavity, and a thick, conical spine of the same length.
Thorax subspherical, with subregular, circular pores. Abdomen inversely
conical, with larger, irregular, roundish pores, prolonged at the distal
end into a cylindrical, axial, basal spine of about half its length. From
the middle part of the abdomen arise three lateral, conical feet, which are
slightly curved and divergent downwardly, scarcely as long as the basal
spine. All five spines are dimpled.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.1;
breadth _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
3. _Rhopalatractus fusiformis_, n. sp.
Shell slender, spindle-shaped, nearly of the same form as in the preceding
species. Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 6, breadth = 1 : 2 : 2.
Cephalis subspherical, with a cylindrical horn three times the length.
Pores subregular, circular, of equal breadth in the thorax and in the
abdomen, which is prolonged into a cylindrical, axial, basal spine of the
same length. From the upper third of the abdomen arise, from a broad
triangular base, three conical wings of half the length, divergent and
slightly curved inwards.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.15;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 263, depth 2650 fathoms.
4. _Rhopalatractus fenestratus_, n. sp. (Pl. 68, fig. 12).
_Dictyatractus fenestratus_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus et Atlas.
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with two distinct strictures. Length of the
three joints = 1 : 3 : 6, breadth = 1 : 4 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical, with
a large, club-shaped horn, nearly as long as the abdomen, sulcated by
longitudinal ribs, which are elegantly denticulate in the distal half.
Thorax {1362}subspherical. Abdomen subovate, prolonged into a pyramidal,
axial, basal spine, half as long as the thorax. Pores subregular, circular.
From the upper half of the abdomen arise three stout, lateral, diverged
wings of about the same length, which are curved inwards and fenestrated
both at the broad triangular base and at the thickened, three-edged distal
end.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
Genus 600. _Lithochytris_,[217] Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss.
Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 54.
_Definition._--#Theoperida# (vel Tricyrtida triradiata clausa) with a
three-sided pyramidal abdomen, the triangular base of which is prolonged at
the three corners into three terminal feet.
The genus _Lithochytris_ differs from all the other Theoperida in the
absence of lateral wings and the possession of three divergent, terminal
feet, which arise from the three corners of the three-sided pyramidal
abdomen. It repeats, therefore, among the Tricyrtida, that characteristic
formation which _Sethochytris_ and _Tetrahedrina_ represent among the
Dicyrtida. Some species may be derived from _Pterocanium_, other species
from _Podocyrtis_, by the development of a lattice-plate closing the
terminal mouth.
Subgenus 1. _Lithochytrodes_, Haeckel.
Three feet of the abdomen solid, not fenestrated, representing external
apophyses of the triangular shell-base.
1. _Lithochytris cortina_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 12).
Shell three-sided pyramidal, without external strictures, but with two
internal girdles. Length of the three joints = 2 : 2 : 5, breadth =
3 : 4 : 6. Cephalis large, truncate-pyramidal, with nine deep divergent
ribs (and nine longitudinal rows of pores between them), and with a stout
pyramidal horn of half the length. The three prominent edges of the thorax
and abdomen are prolonged over the base of the pyramid into three very
stout, solid, subovate feet, about as long as the thorax.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.08, a 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
2. _Lithochytris pyriformis_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 13).
Shell pyramidal, nearly pear-shaped, with two distinct strictures. Length
of the three joints = 1 : 1 : 3, breadth = 1 : 2 : 3. Cephalis large,
pear-shaped, with a short pyramidal horn of half the {1363}length. Thorax
and abdomen rounded, without prominent edges. Three basal feet pyramidal,
solid, nearly vertical, as long as the thorax. Pores irregular, roundish,
in the abdomen large, twice to three times as broad as in the thorax.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 348, depth 2450 fathoms.
3. _Lithochytris tripodium_, Ehrenberg.
_Lithochytris tripodium_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 76, Taf. iv. fig. 11.
Shell pyramidal, nearly pear-shaped, with two distinct strictures. Length
of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 4, breadth = 1 : 2 : 5. Cephalis with a horn
of the same length, conical. Thorax and abdomen rounded, without prominent
edges. Three basal feet conical, solid, strongly divergent, shorter than
the thorax. Pores subregular, circular, twice as broad in the abdomen as in
the thorax.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Subgenus 2. _Lithochytridium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Three feet of the abdomen hollow and fenestrated,
representing direct protuberances or corner prolongations of the triangular
shell-base.
4. _Lithochytris galeata_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 16).
Shell pyramidal, with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 1 : 4, breadth = 1 : 2 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, with an oblique
pyramidal horn of the same length. Thorax somewhat larger. Abdomen
inflated, with three sharp, prominent edges, which are prolonged over the
shell-base into three pyramidal, hollow, and fenestrated feet, longer than
the thorax. Pores subregular, circular, twice as broad in the abdomen as in
the thorax.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.025, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--South Atlantic, Station 332, depth 2200 fathoms.
5. _Lithochytris pileata_, Ehrenberg.
_Lithochytris pileata_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 76, Taf. v. fig. 3.
Shell three-sided pyramidal, with deep collar, but indistinct lumbar
stricture. Length of the three joints = 2 : 2 : 9, breadth = 3 : 5 : 10.
Cephalis with a conical horn of the same length, pear-shaped. Thorax very
short and broad. Abdomen inflated, with three sharp, prominent edges, which
{1364}are prolonged over the shell-base into three pyramidal, hollow and
fenestrated feet, the lower edge of which is horizontal. Pores regular,
circular, of equal size in the thorax and abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.02, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
6. _Lithochytris lucerna_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 14).
Shell three-sided pyramidal, with two indistinct strictures. Length of the
three joints = 1 : 2 : 5, breadth = 2 : 3 : 8. Cephalis small, with a horn
of the same length, conical. Thorax with subspherical cavity. Abdomen with
three rounded, prominent edges, which are prolonged over the shell-base
into three conical, hollow, and fenestrated feet, twice as long as the
thorax, with a thick, pyramidal, terminal spine. Pores subregular,
circular, of equal size in the thorax and abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 297, depth 1775 fathoms.
7. _Lithochytris lanterna_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 11).
Shell three-sided pyramidal, with two distinct strictures. Length of the
three joints = 1 : 2 : 4, breadth = 1 : 3 : 6. Cephalis small, with a
pyramidal slender horn of twice the length. Thorax with subspherical
cavity. Abdomen with three sharp prominent edges, which are prolonged over
the convex shell-base into three slender, prismatic, hollow, fenestrated
feet, strongly divergent, twice as long as the thorax (seen in fig. 11 from
the vaulted base). Pores circular, twice as broad in the abdomen as in the
thorax.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.
8. _Lithochytris pyramidalis_, Ehrenberg.
_Lithochytris pyramidalis_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 76, Taf. v. fig. 1.
Shell three-sided pyramidal, without external strictures, but with two
internal transverse girdles. Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 6,
breadth = 2 : 4 : 8. Cephalis with a short horn of half the length,
conical. Cavity of the thorax subspherical. Abdomen with three rounded
edges, prolonged over the concave base into three pyramidal, hollow, and
fenestrated feet, twice as long as the thorax. Pores large, irregular,
roundish.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 265 to 268, depth 2700 to 2900
fathoms; fossil in Barbados.
9. _Lithochytris pteropus_, n. sp. (Pl. 67, fig. 15).
Shell three-sided pyramidal, with two indistinct strictures, but with two
broad, internal girdles. Length of the three joints = 2 : 2 : 6, breadth =
2 : 3 : 9. Cephalis with a small horn of half the {1365}length,
pear-shaped. Thorax broader than long. Abdomen with three prominent,
rounded edges, prolonged over the concave base into three conical, hollow,
and fenestrated feet, twice as long as the thorax. Pores small, circular,
irregular, in longitudinal series along the edges.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.18.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
10. _Lithochytris vespertilio_, Ehrenberg.
_Lithochytris vespertilio_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 76, Taf. iv. fig. 10.
Shell three-sided pyramidal, with two indistinct strictures. Length of the
three joints = 1 : 2 : 5, breadth = 2 : 3 : 10. Cephalis with a short horn
of half the length, conical. Thorax inflated. Abdomen without prominent
edges, divided in the lower half into three large, conical, hollow, and
fenestrated feet, twice as long as the thorax. Pores small, irregular,
roundish.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.2.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Family LXVI. #PHORMOCYRTIDA#, n. fam.
_Theophormida et Theophænida_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, pp. 436, 437.
_Definition._--#Tricyrtida# multiradiata. (#Cyrtoidea# with a three-jointed
shell, divided by two transverse constrictions into cephalis, thorax, and
abdomen, with numerous, four to nine or more, radial apophyses.)
The family #Phormocyrtida#, composed of the Theophormida and Theophænida of
my Prodromus, comprises those #Cyrtoidea# in which the lattice-shell is
three-jointed, and bears numerous radial appendages (usually six or nine,
sometimes more, rarely less, four or five). The two subfamilies differ in
the shape of the terminal mouth, which is in the Theophormida a simple wide
opening, in the Theophænida closed by a lattice-plate. The phylogenetic
origin of the Phormocyrtida may be found either in the Podocyrtida or in
the Anthocyrtida; they may be derived either from the former by
interpolation of interradial, secondary apophyses between the three primary
perradial apophyses; or from the latter by development of an abdomen.
The radial apophyses are originally radial ribs, which arise from the base
of the cephalis on the collar stricture, run along the thorax and abdomen,
and are often prolonged into terminal feet. Whilst in some forms the radial
ribs are completely preserved in both joints, they are in other forms only
partly visible (in the abdomen), and very often only their free terminal
prolongations are preserved in the form of a corona of feet around the
mouth of the thorax. This corona is either simple or double. Sometimes also
a corona is developed on the lumbar stricture, between the thorax and
abdomen.
{1366}These apophyses exhibit a remarkable variety in the great subfamily
Theophormida, with open mouth. In the small subfamily Theophænida, however,
the apophyses appear as six or nine simple lateral wings on the abdomen.
The Theophormida are richly represented not only in the present seas, but
also as fossils in Barbados, and numerous remarkable forms have been
already described by Ehrenberg, in his genera _Calocyclas_ and
_Cycladophora_. Many Phormocyrtida belong to the most elegant and admirable
forms of Radiolaria.
_Synopsis of the Genera of Phormocyrtida._
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Subfamily Theophormida.
Terminal mouth of the abdomen a simple wide opening.
--------------------
Radial ribs enclosed in the wall of the shell, either the thorax
or the abdomen.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
{ Abdomen flat, dilated, with
{ a wide open mouth, 601. _Theophormis_.
Radial ribs in {
the thorax and {
the abdomen. { Abdomen ovate or cylindrical,
{ with constricted
{ mouth, 602. _Phormocyrtis_
{ Peristome with free terminal
Radial ribs in { feet, 603. _Alacorys_.
the abdomen {
only. { Peristome smooth, without
{ free feet, 604. _Cycladophora_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
No radial ribs in the shell wall. Peristome with a corona of
terminal feet.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
{ Abdomen cylindrical or
Terminal { ovate, not dilated, 605. _Calocyclas_.
corona simple. {
{ Abdomen dilated, truncate,
{ conical or discoidal, 606. _Clathrocyclas_.
{ Both coronas terminal, 607. _Lamprocyclas_.
Corona of feet {
double. { One corona, terminal, the
{ other lumbar, 608. _Diplocyclas_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Subfamily Theophænida.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Terminal mouth of the { Six lateral wings, 609. _Hexalatractus_.
abdomen closed by a {
lattice-plate. { Nine Lateral wings, 610. _Theophæna_.
Subfamily 1. THEOPHORMIDA, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--#Phormocyrtida# with the basal mouth of the shell open (vel
Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta).
Genus 601. _Theophormis_,[218] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with
numerous radial ribs enclosed in the wall of the thorax and of the flat
dilated abdomen; mouth of the latter wide open.
{1367}The genus _Theophormis_ commences the series of the Theophormida, or
the multiradiate Podocyrtida, as their oldest and simplest form. The
three-jointed shell is flat, campanulate or hat-shaped, and pierced by four
or more radial ribs, four of which are primary or perradial, the others
secondary or interradial. _Theophormis_ may be derived from the similar
_Sethophormis_ by development of a lumbar constriction, and a third joint
or abdomen.
1. _Theophormis callipilium_, n. sp. (Pl. 70, figs. 1-3).
Shell flat, hat-shaped, with two sharp annular strictures. Cephalis large,
flatly cap-shaped, with small, irregular, square meshes (fig. 3). The
collar septum (fig. 2) is composed (as in the following species) of four
crossed, thin, horizontal beams, each of which is inserted at the collar
stricture by a three forked branch. From the centre of the collar stricture
(in the common nodal point of the four beams) there arises a vertical,
axial rod, which is inserted at the flat top of the cephalis by five
branches (one central and four lateral). Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 2, breadth = 2 : 6 : 11. Thorax flat, campanulate, with four
primary perradial ribs (prolongations of the four cortinar beams), and
numerous (twenty to thirty) interpolated secondary ribs; four of these are
in interradial (midway between the four primary ribs), and bisect the four
large, semicircular, perradial meshes at the base of the thorax. Network of
the thorax and abdomen subregular, with hexagonal meshes and thin bars.
Abdomen flatly expanded, somewhat curved, like the brim of a hat, half as
broad in the anterior (frontal) part as in the posterior (occipital) part,
which is about as broad as the radius of the thorax. The twenty to thirty
radial ribs of the abdomen are prolongations of the thoracic ribs, and are
somewhat prominent at the margin of the peristome, which appears therefore
elegantly indented.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02 to 0.03, _b_ 0.06 to
0.08, _c_ 0.03 to 0.06; breadth, _a_ 0.05 to 0.08, _b_ 0.2 to 0.3, _c_ 0.4
to 0.5.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, surface.
2. _Theophormis medusa_, n. sp.
Shell flatly campanulate, with two distinct, annular strictures. Length of
the three joints = 1 : 2 : 1, breadth = 2 : 5 : 8. Cephalis large,
hemispherical. Thorax flatly conical, with four crossed ribs, opposite in
pairs in two meridional planes, perpendicular one to another, and prolonged
into the flat, nearly discoidal abdomen, which is half as broad as the
thorax. The wall of the abdomen is pierced by eight radial ribs; four
secondary ribs being interpolated between the four primary. Network of the
entire shell very delicate, with regular, hexagonal meshes, and very thin
bars. Peristome circular, not dentate.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.16, _c_ 0.24.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, surface.
3. _Theophormis cruciata_, n. sp.
Shell flat, campanulate, with two distinct annular strictures. Cephalis
flat, cap-shaped, with irregular, square meshes. Thorax flat, conical, with
hexagonal meshes. Abdomen flatly expanded, {1368}of half the breadth, with
larger hexagonal meshes. Thorax and abdomen pierced by four stout radial
ribs, lying opposite in pairs in two diameters, perpendicular one to
another. No secondary or interradial ribs are interpolated between the four
primary. Mouth truncate, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.05, _b_ 0.18, _c_ 0.25.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 274, surface.
4. _Theophormis senaria_, n. sp.
Shell flat, hat-shaped, similar to _Theophormis callipilium_ (Pl. 70, figs.
1-3), but with a different number and arrangement of the piercing radial
ribs. The cephalis and its collar septum exhibit the same formation as in
_Sethophormis hexalactis_, described above (p. 1245, Pl. 56, fig. 6.) The
caudal and sternal ribs, which are opposed in the sagittal plane, are
simple, whilst the two lateral ribs are forked. In the flat abdomen there
are six secondary or interradial ribs, interpolated between the six primary
or perradial ribs of the thorax. Delicate network with regular, hexagonal
meshes.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.035, _b_ 0.075, _c_ 0.025;
breadth, _a_ 0.07, _b_ 0.2, _c_ 0.3.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, surface.
Genus 602. _Phormocyrtis_,[219] n. gen.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with
numerous radial ribs enclosed in the wall of the thorax, and of the ovate
or cylindrical abdomen; mouth of the latter constricted.
The genus _Phormocyrtis_ differs from the preceding _Theophormis_ in the
ovate or cylindrical form of the abdomen, the mouth of which is more or
less constricted. The former exhibits, therefore, the same relation to the
latter that _Sethamphora_ bears to _Sethophormis_ among the Dicyrtida.
_Phormocyrtis_ may be derived directly either from _Sethamphora_ by
development of an abdomen, or from _Pterocorys_ or _Theopilium_ by
multiplication of the three radial ribs.
1. _Phormocyrtis carinata_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 3, breadth = 1 : 3 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical, with a stout
pyramidal horn of twice the length, and few very small pores. Pores in the
campanulate thorax and the inflated abdomen regular, circular, small, and
numerous. Six stout prominent ribs, beginning from the collar stricture,
arise along the thorax and abdomen, and reach the constricted mouth, which
is half as broad as the abdomen. (This species is very similar to
_Pterocorys carinata_, from which it differs in the six complete radial
ribs of the shell-wall.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.
{1369}2. _Phormocyrtis fastosa_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium fastosum_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 291, Taf. ix. fig. 19.
Shell ovate, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 3, breadth = 1 : 5 : 6. Cephalis ovate, with a stout pyramidal horn
of the same length, and numerous rather large pores. Pores in the
campanulate thorax and the inflated abdomen much smaller, very numerous,
regular, hexagonal. Along these two joints arise nine delicate, divergent
ribs; these extend almost to the wide mouth, which is slightly constricted.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Indian Ocean (Zanzibar), depth 2200 fathoms, Pullen.
3. _Phormocyrtis costata_, n. sp. (Pl. 69, fig. 6).
Shell smooth, with sharp collar, but indistinct lumbar stricture. Length of
the three joints = 2 : 5 : 5, breadth = 2 : 6 : 6. Cephalis conical, with a
stout pyramidal horn of twice the length. Thorax and abdomen together
nearly cylindrical, constricted towards both poles, with thirty to forty
longitudinal ribs, which are nearly parallel, vertical in the middle part,
and convergent towards both poles; alternate with the same number of
longitudinal rows of regular, circular pores. Mouth with a broad, hyaline,
only slightly constricted peristome.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
4. _Phormocyrtis embolum_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium embolum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 70, Taf. x. fig. 5.
Shell smooth, with sharp collar, but indistinct lumbar stricture. Length of
the three joints = 3 : 7 : 10, breadth = 3 : 9 : 7. Cephalis subspherical,
with a pyramidal horn of the same length. Thorax campanulate; abdomen
inversely truncate, conical; both with sixteen to twenty longitudinal ribs,
and alternate longitudinal rows of small circular pores, converging towards
the two poles. Mouth truncate, with broad hyaline peristome.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 265 to 268, depth 2700 to 2900
fathoms; fossil in Barbados.
5. _Phormocyrtis quadrata_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, papillate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three
joints = 2 : 3 : 13, breadth = 4 : 6 : 11. Cephalis hemispherical, small,
with two divergent, pyramidal horns of twice the length. Along the
hemispherical thorax and the ovate inflated abdomen run twenty-four to
thirty curved ribs, converging towards the two poles, and alternate with
the same number of {1370}longitudinal rows of circular, regular pores,
disposed in ten to twelve transverse rows. Each pore with a square,
elevated frame. Mouth constricted, only one-third as broad as the thorax.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.13;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.11.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.
6. _Phormocyrtis longicornis_, n. sp. (Pl. 69, fig. 15).
_Theocorys longicornis_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus et Atlas, _loc. cit._
Shell slender, ovate, rough, with two slight strictures. Length of the
three joints = 3 : 8 : 12, breadth = 4 : 10 : 11. Cephalis hemispherical,
with a very large, cylindrical horn, about as long as the shell. Thorax
hemispherical, with regular, circular, hexagonally-framed pores. Abdomen
subcylindrical, with twenty to twenty-four nearly parallel undulate ribs,
and alternate longitudinal rows of regular, circular pores. Mouth
constricted, circular, about half as broad as the thorax.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.11.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms; also fossil
in Barbados.
Genus 603. _Alacorys_,[220] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with
numerous radial ribs in the abdomen, which are prolonged over the mouth
into free feet.
The genus _Alacorys_ and the following _Cycladophora_ differ from the
preceding two genera in the formation of the radial ribs, which arise from
the lumbar stricture, and lie in the wall of the abdomen, but are absent on
the thorax. The shell is usually large, more or less pyramidal or conical,
with a wide open terminal mouth. The latter is in _Cycladophora_ simply
truncate, whilst in _Alacorys_ it is surrounded by from four to twelve or
more terminal feet, prolongations of the abdominal ribs. According to the
different number of these (four, five, six, or more) some subgenera may be
distinguished, as _Tetralacorys_, _Pentalacorys_, _Hexalacorys_, &c.
Subgenus 1. _Tetralacorys_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--Peristome armed with four feet, opposite in two meridian
planes, which are perpendicular to one another.
1. _Alacorys lutheri_, n. sp. (Pl. 65, fig. 4).
Shell papillate, with distinct collar stricture. Length of the three joints
= 3 : 6 : 6, breadth = 3 : 8 : 10. Cephalis subspherical, with a pyramidal
horn of the same length. Thorax tuberculate, {1371}nearly hemispherical,
with circular pores of very different sizes. From the margin of its wide
open mouth descend four stout perradial ribs, which are forked at the
distal end, and by communication of their fork-branches form the four
large, pentagonal holes of the abdomen. From the middle of the lower margin
of the holes descend four parallel, vertical, slender feet, about as long
as the shell. This species is dedicated to the memory of the great
Reformer, Martin Luther.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
2. _Alacorys tetracantha_, Haeckel.
_Podocyrtis tetracantha_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 82, Taf. xiii. fig. 2.
? _Podocyrtis parvipes_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 82, Taf. xiv. fig. 5.
Shell rough, with distinct collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 5, breadth = 1 : 4 : 6. Cephalis subspherical, with a rudimentary
conical horn. Thorax campanulate, with irregular, roundish pores of
different sizes. Abdomen inflated, with a small number of very large
irregular holes, intermingled with smaller roundish holes. From the margin
of the wide open mouth descend, nearly vertically, four strong vertical
feet, which are about as long as the shell, and slightly curved, with
convex outlines. _Podocyrtis parvipes_ of Ehrenberg seems to be only a
mutilated specimen of this species.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.13.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Subgenus 2. _Pentalacorys_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--Peristome armed with five feet, one of which is odd and
occipital, the other four paired and lateral.
3. _Alacorys pentacantha_, Haeckel.
_Podocyrtis pentacantha_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 82, Taf. xvii. fig. 1.
Shell rough, with slight collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 3, breadth = 1 : 4 : 6. Cephalis subspherical, with a rudimentary
conical horn. Thorax campanulate, with subregular, circular, quincuncial
pores. Abdomen wider, campanulate, with a small number of very large and
irregular, roundish holes. From the peristome descend five stout conical
feet, which are slightly curved and divergent, nearly as long as the shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.11.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
{1372}4. _Alacorys bismarckii_, n. sp. (Pl. 65, fig. 3).
Shell spiny, with distinct collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
1 : 4 : 5, breadth = 2 : 7 : 10. Cephalis hemispherical, with a very stout,
dimpled, conical horn of the same length. Thorax campanulate, spiny, with
regular, circular pores. Abdomen wider, campanulate, with larger conical
spines, and a small number of irregular, roundish, very large holes. From
the peristome descend, nearly vertically, five very large cylindrical feet,
nearly twice as long as the shell; they are S-shaped, curved, spinulate in
the distal half, and armed at the proximal base with two stout conical
spines, the smaller of which is directed inwards, the larger curved
upwards. Dedicated to Prince Otto von Bismarck, the Reconstructor of the
German Empire.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.14, _c_ 0.2.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific (north of New Guinea), Station 220,
depth 1100 fathoms.
Subgenus 3. _Hexalacorys_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 436.
_Definition._--Peristome armed with six feet, three of which are primary or
perradial (Podocyrtis), the three other alternate, secondary or
interradial.
5. _Alacorys friderici_, n. sp. (Pl. 65, fig. 1).
Shell conical, rough, with sharp collar stricture. Cephalis subspherical,
with a large, oblique, prismatic horn, twice the length. Thorax
campanulate, with regular, circular pores (six to eight in its length).
Abdomen wider, campanulate, with a small number of very large pores (three
to four in the course of its length). Peristome with six very large
divergent feet, which are about as long as the shell, cylindrical,
irregularly curved. The specimen figured was observed living, with expanded
pseudopodia. The central capsule exhibited four large pear-shaped lobes,
filling up the shell-cavity; each contained an oil-globule in the thoracic
part. The undivided cephalic part of the capsule enclosed a nucleus, from
which four lobes protruded through the four collar pores into the thorax.
Dedicated to Frederick the Great, the Royal Philosopher of Potsdam.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.14.
_Habitat._--North Atlantic, Canary Islands, Lanzerote (Haeckel), surface.
6. _Alacorys guilelmi_, n. sp. (Pl. 65, fig. 2).
Shell thorny, with distinct collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 4, breadth = 2 : 5 : 8. Cephalis hemispherical, with a rudimentary
conical horn. Thorax hemispherical, spiny, with regular, circular pores.
Abdomen wider, campanulate, papillate, with a small number of very large
circular holes. Peristome with six diverging feet, which are about as long
as the shell, at the base conical, thickened, and at the distal end curved
inwards, with a spinulate knob. Dedicated to the German Emperor, Wilhelm.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 224, depth 1850 fathoms.
{1373}7. _Alacorys hexacantha_, n. sp.
Shell thorny, with slight collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
2 : 5 : 7, breadth = 4 : 10 : 14. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, with a
rudimentary conical horn. Thorax campanulate, with regular, circular pores.
Abdomen wider, campanulate, with a small number of very large polygonal
pores. Peristome with six large divergent feet, which are longer than the
shell, cylindrical, and slightly curved, in the proximal half convex, in
the distal half concave.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.07;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.14.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
8. _Alacorys hexapleura_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, with distinct collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
2 : 10 : 8, breadth = 3 : 11 : 10. Cephalis hemispherical, large, hyaline,
and thick-walled, with a very stout, conical horn of the same length.
Thorax pear-shaped, with numerous, regular, circular pores and conical
spines, the size of which increases gradually towards the deep, lumbar
stricture. Abdomen truncate, conical, with irregular, roundish pores, and
six very strong, straight, divergent ribs, prolonged into six short,
conical feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.2, _c_ 0.16;
breadth, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.22, _c_ 0.2.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Subgenus 4. _Octalacorys_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Peristome armed with eight feet, four of which are primary
or perradial (corresponding to those of _Tetralacorys_), the other four
alternate, secondary, or interradial.
9. _Alacorys aculeata_, Haeckel.
_Podocyrtis aculeata_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 80, Taf. xiii. fig. 3.
_Podocyrtis aculeata_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol.
xxxvi. p. 540, Taf. xxxiii. fig. 34.
Shell spiny, with deep collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
2 : 5 : 8, breadth = 2 : 7 : 10. Cephalis subspherical, with a slender,
conical horn of twice the length. Thorax campanulate, thorny, with regular,
circular pores. Abdomen wider, campanulate, with a small number of very
large, regular, hexagonal meshes, and stout spines in the nodal points.
Peristome with eight strong conical feet, which are nearly parallel, little
curved (convex at the outside), and sometimes all of the same size (equal
to the length of the shell); at other times different, four larger
alternating with four smaller feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
{1374}10. _Alacorys octacantha_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, with deep collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
2 : 8 : 6, breadth = 3 : 7 : 7. Cephalis ovate, with a short, conical horn.
Thorax pear-shaped, spiny, with regular, circular pores, similar to
_Cycladophora erinaceus_, Ehrenberg (1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 68, Taf. xviii. fig. 2). Abdomen truncate, conical, with
irregular, roundish pores, and eight stout, straight, thorny, divergent
ribs of equal size, which are prolonged into eight free, conical, spiny
feet of the same length.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.16. _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.14, _c_ 0.14.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
Subgenus 5. _Ennealacorys_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Peristome armed with nine feet, three of which are primary
or perradial, the other six secondary or interradial.
11. _Alacorys enneacantha_, n. sp.
Shell papillate, with slight collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
2 : 4 : 8, breadth = 3 : 6 : 9. Cephalis hemispherical, with a stout,
conical horn of twice the length. Thorax campanulate, with subregular,
circular pores, and small, conical papillæ. Thorax wider, campanulate, with
circular pores, and conical papillæ of three times the size. Peristome with
nine widely divergent, little curved, conical feet, about as long as the
shell. Similar to _Podocyrtis ventricosa_, Ehrenberg (1875, _loc. cit._,
Taf. xvi. fig. 3), different mainly in the feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
12. _Alacorys gigas_, n. sp.
Shell thorny, with distinct collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
1 : 4 : 2, breadth = 1 : 5 : 4. Cephalis ovate, with a short, conical horn
of about half the length. Thorax campanulate, thorny, with small, regular,
circular pores, very similar to _Cycladophora gigas_, Ehrenberg (_loc.
cit._, 1875, p. 68, Taf. xviii. fig. 1). Abdomen truncate, conical, smooth,
with irregular, roundish pores, and nine stout and straight, little
divergent ribs, which are prolonged into nine cylindrical, pointed feet of
the same length.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.05, _b_ 0.2, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.05, _b_ 0.25, _c_ 0.2.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Subgenus 6. _Polyalacorys_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Peristome with numerous (ten to twenty or more) prominent
feet, three or four of which are primary and perradial, the others
secondary and interradial.
{1375}13. _Alacorys dodecantha_, n. sp.
? _Podocyrtis schomburgkii_, var., Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados,
Taf. xii. fig. 3.
Shell smooth, with slight collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 4, breadth = 1 : 4 : 7. Cephalis ovate, with a conical horn of the
same length. Thorax campanulate, with regular, circular pores. From its
margin arise twelve stout, little curved, radial beams, which are widely
divergent, and connected in the middle part by a transverse circular ring,
so that the abdomen exhibits twelve large triangular holes, and at the
peristome, alternating with these, twelve free conical feet of the same
length.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.11;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.22.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 263, depth 2650 fathoms; also fossil
in Barbados.
14. _Alacorys carcinus_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 9).
_Calocyclas carcinus_, Haeckel, 1879, Atlas, _loc. cit._
_Podocyrtis schomburgkii_, var., Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados, pl.
i. fig. 2; pl. xii. fig. 4.
Shell rough, with distinct collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
1 : 4 : 4, breadth = 2 : 6 : 6. Cephalis hemispherical, with a large,
cylindrical, bent spine of three times the length. Thorax inflated,
campanulate, with large, regular, circular pores. Abdomen truncate,
conical, with three to four transverse rows of regular, square pores,
produced by eighteen divergent, straight ribs, which are connected by three
to four horizontal rings. Distal end of the ribs prolonged into eighteen
slender, conical feet, which are about as long as the thorax and slightly
curved inwards.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.05, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 265 to 268, depth 2700 to 2900
fathoms; also fossil in Barbados.
15. _Alacorys polyacantha_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, with deep collar stricture. Length of the three joints =
3 : 9 : 10, breadth = 4 : 12 : 16. Cephalis hemispherical, with a stout
conical horn of the same length. Thorax campanulate, with regular, circular
pores and conical spines, increasing in size towards the deep lumbar
stricture. Abdomen truncate, conical, with twenty to thirty divergent,
straight ribs, which are connected by four to six transverse rings, and
prolonged into free conical feet of half the length. Therefore four to six
transverse rings of regular, square pores occur.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.
16. _Alacorys ornata_, Haeckel.
_Cryptoprora ornata_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 68, Taf. v. fig. 8.
Shell ovate, smooth, without external strictures, but with two internal
annular septa. Length of the three joints = 3 : 5 : 4, breadth = 3 : 6 : 5.
Cephalis subspherical, partly enclosed by the uppermost part of the thorax,
without horn, or with a small rudimentary horn. Pores subregular,
{1376}circular, half as broad in the cephalis as in the two other joints.
Thorax campanulate. Abdomen truncate, with eighteen to twenty-four
parallel, vertical, longitudinal ribs, which are prolonged into slender,
free, conical feet of the same length. (This remarkable species may be
derived from _Carpocanium_ by apposition of a third joint.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.05.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Genus 604. _Cycladophora_,[221] Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss.
Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 54.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with
four to six or more radial ribs in the abdomen, the terminal mouth of which
is truncate, without feet.
The genus _Cycladophora_ differs from the preceding _Alacorys_, its
probable ancestral genus, in the absence of free terminal feet, the radial
ribs of the abdomen being connected by transverse beams throughout their
whole length. The number of the regularly disposed ribs (four to six or
more) may also here be used for the distinction of different subgenera.
Subgenus 1. _Lampterium_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 434.
_Definition._--Abdomen with four radial ribs, opposite in pairs in two
meridian planes, perpendicular one to another.
1. _Cycladophora goetheana_, n. sp. (Pl. 65, fig. 5).
Shell shaped like a lantern, with two sharp strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 2 : 12, breadth = 1 : 4 : 7. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
slender pyramidal horn of three times the length. Thorax twice as large,
thorny, hemispherical, with regular, circular pores. Abdomen very long,
nearly four-sided prismatic, with four superior smaller, and four inferior
larger holes; the former separated by four short, divergent, perradial, the
latter by four long, parallel, vertical, interradial bars. Mouth square,
four-lobed. Dedicated to Wolfgang Goethe.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.24;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.1 to 0.14.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 265 to 269, depth 2550 to 2900
fathoms.
2. _Cycladophora tetrapleura_, n. sp.
Shell very similar to the preceding species, but differing in the following
characters: Cephalis conical, with a horn of the same length. Thorax
campanulate. Four ribs of the abdomen not {1377}parallel and vertical, but
more or less divergent. Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 8, breadth =
1 : 2 : 4. Whole shell slender, pyramidal. Mouth square, four-lobed.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.24;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 241, depth 2300 fathoms.
3. _Cycladophora lanterna_, n. sp.
Shell very similar to the two preceding species, but differing in the
following characters. Cephalis subspherical, with a thick, pyramidal horn
of the same breadth, and three times the length. Thorax hemispherical, with
circular, hexagonally-framed pores. Abdomen ovate, with four convex ribs,
and twelve large holes, four superior smaller pentagonal, four intermediate
very large, ovate, and four inferior, small, triangular holes. Mouth little
constricted, nearly circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.22;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.11.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Lamptidium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Abdomen with six radial ribs (three primary or perradial,
and three alternate, secondary or interradial).
4. _Cycladophora hexapleura_, n. sp.
_Lanterna chinensis_, Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados, pl. xiii. fig.
7.
Shell shaped like a lantern, with six sides and two sharp strictures.
Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 8, breadth = 1 : 2 : 4. Cephalis
hemispherical, with a conical spine of the same length. Thorax twice as
large, hemispherical, with regular, circular pores. Abdomen nearly
six-sided prismatic, with six descending, little curved ribs, and eighteen
large holes between them; six superior holes interradial, ovate, six
intermediate holes very large, perradial, ovate, six inferior holes
triangular, interradial. Mouth six-lobed.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.16;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
5. _Cycladophora pyramidalis_, n. sp.
_Podocyrtis_ sp., Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados, pl. xii. fig. 2.
Shell slender, pyramidal, with six sides and two slight strictures. Length
of the three joints = 1 : 4 : 12, breadth = 1 : 4 : 8. Cephalis
subspherical, with a conical horn of twice the length. Thorax conical, with
regular, circular pores. Abdomen truncate, pyramidal, with six strong,
divergent, straight ribs, which are connected by five to six transverse,
hexagonal rings; therefore {1378}six longitudinal rows of large, roundish,
quadrangular meshes (four to five meshes in each row). Mouth hexagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.3;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.2.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
6. _Cycladophora spinosa_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 4 : 3, breadth = 1 : 5 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, with a stout conical
horn of the same length. Thorax ovate, with regular, circular pores, and
numerous conical spines. Abdomen truncate, conical, with irregular,
roundish pores, and six strong, divergent ribs. Mouth circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.15, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms; fossil in
Barbados.
Subgenus 3. _Lamptonium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Abdomen with nine radial ribs (three primary or perradial,
and six secondary or interradial).
7. _Cycladophora enneapleura_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 5 : 3, breadth = 2 : 7 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical horn
of twice the length. Thorax campanulate, with regular, circular pores, and
conical thorax. Abdomen cylindrical, with nine straight, parallel ribs, and
irregular, roundish pores. Mouth circular. (_Similar to Cycladophora
gigas_, Ehrenberg, 1875, _loc. cit._, Taf. xviii. fig. 1, but differing in
the possession of nine abdominal ribs.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.15, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.2, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.
8. _Cycladophora nonagona_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
3 : 10 : 7, breadth = 2 : 9 : 8. Cephalis pear-shaped, with a stout
pyramidal horn of the same length. Thorax pear-shaped, with regular,
circular pores, and conical horns, increasing in size towards the base.
Abdomen truncate, pyramidal, with nine straight, spinulate ribs, and nine
even faces between them, with irregular, roundish pores. Mouth nonagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.2, _c_ 0.14;
breadth, _a_ 0.05, _b_ 0.18, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
{1379}Subgenus 4. _Cyclampterium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Abdomen truncate, conical or campanulate, with numerous (ten
to twenty or more) divergent ribs. Mouth wide open, truncate.
9. _Cycladophora pantheon_, n. sp. (Pl. 68, fig. 3).
Shell dome-shaped, with slight collar and deep lumbar stricture. Length of
the three joints = 1 : 6 : 5, breadth = 1 : 7 : 8. Cephalis small, with a
conical horn of the same length. Thorax cupola-shaped, with large, regular,
circular pores, and numerous pyramidal tubercles. Abdomen with twelve
(sometimes eleven or thirteen) slender, divergent ribs, which are connected
at equal distances by four to six horizontal rings, and so produce twelve
longitudinal rows of large, regular, square meshes.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.14, _c_ 0.15.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 263 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925
fathoms.
10. _Cycladophora dodecapleura_, n. sp.
Shell cupola-shaped, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 5 : 6, breadth = 2 : 7 : 10. Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical
horn of twice the length. Thorax subspherical, truncate at both poles,
thorny, with regular, circular pores. Abdomen in the upper half with a
coronal of twelve large ovate holes, separated by twelve divergent, slender
ribs, in the lower half with curved, convergent prolongations of the twelve
ribs, and numerous small, irregular, roundish pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.015, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
11. _Cycladophora campanula_, n. sp.
Shell campanulate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 4 : 5, breadth = 2 : 6 : 10. Cephalis ovate, with a conical horn of the
same length. Thorax campanulate, rough, with regular, circular pores.
Abdomen dilated, with fifteen to twenty slender, divergent, little curved
ribs, which are connected by two or three horizontal rings, and from two or
three transverse rows of large, roundish, square pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.2.
_Habitat._--North Atlantic, Bermuda, surface; also fossil in Barbados.
12. _Cycladophora spatiosa_, Ehrenberg.
_Cycladophora spatiosa_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 68, Taf. xviii. figs. 5, 6.
Shell campanulate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 6 : 9, breadth = 3 : 8 : 14. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn
of the same length. Thorax campanulate, {1380}smooth, with regular,
circular pores. Abdomen truncate, conical, with sixteen to twenty-four
divergent ribs, which are straight or slightly curved, and connected by
from four to six transverse, circular rings. The large regular meshes, so
produced, form sixteen to twenty-four longitudinal series, and are rounded
in the upper, square in the lower transverse rows.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.14.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
13. _Cycladophora favosa_, n. sp. (Pl. 62, figs. 5, 6).
Shell dome-shaped, without collar stricture, but with a deep lumbar
stricture. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, without horn, or with a rudimentary
conical horn, with small circular pores. Length of the three joints =
1 : 4 : 3, breadth = 2 : 5 : 4. Thorax subspherical, rough, with regular,
circular, hexagonally-framed pores. Abdomen truncate, conical, with
eighteen to twenty-four prominent ribs; between every two ribs only two or
three ovate pores occur. Mouth circular, with eighteen to twenty-four
teeth. The shape of the abdomen is rather variable (figs. 5, 6).
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
Subgenus 5. _Cyclamptidium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Abdomen nearly cylindrical or prismatic, with numerous (ten
to twenty or more) straight, vertical, parallel ribs. Mouth wide open,
truncate.
14. _Cycladophora fenestrata_, n. sp. (Pl. 68, fig. 2).
Shell rough, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 5 : 5, breadth = 1 : 6 : 5. Cephalis conical, with a conical, dimpled
horn of twice the length. Thorax nearly spherical, with regular, circular
pores, and small conical spines. Abdomen cylindrical, with eighteen stout,
parallel, vertical ribs, which are connected by six to eight horizontal,
circular rings; therefore regular transverse and longitudinal rows of
square or circular pores occur. Mouth truncate, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
15. _Cycladophora stiligera_, Ehrenberg.
_Cycladophora stiligera_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 68, Taf. xviii. fig. 3.
Shell smooth, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 7 : 8, breadth = 2 : 9 : 7. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn
of twice the length. Thorax subspherical, smooth, with regular, circular
pores. Abdomen cylindrical, with twelve parallel, vertical ribs, which
{1381}are connected by three to four broad, horizontal rings; therefore
subregular, transverse, and longitudinal rows of roundish pores are
present. Mouth truncate, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Genus 605. _Calocyclas_,[222] Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss.
Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 54.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with a
simple corona of terminal feet around the truncate mouth. Abdomen not
dilated, cylindrical or ovate. No ribs in the shell-wall.
The genus _Calocyclas_, and the three following closely allied genera,
differ from the four preceding genera of Theophormida in the absence of
radial or longitudinal ribs in the wall of the thorax and abdomen. These
are completely reduced, and their terminal prolongations only remain,
forming a simple or double corona around the mouth of the abdomen. They
correspond therefore to _Carpocanium_ and _Anthocyrtis_ among the
Dicyrtida. In _Calocyclas_ the corona is simple. The mouth is not dilated,
but often constricted, and the abdomen is cylindrical or ovate, not
conical. The teeth of the corona are usually vertical or convergent.
Subgenus 1. _Calocycletta_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Thorax and abdomen smooth, without spines or thorns.
1. _Calocyclas veneris_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 5).
Shell smooth, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 2, breadth = 1 : 4 : 3. Cephalis ovate, with a large, triangular,
prismatic horn of three times the length. Thorax hemispherical; abdomen
cylindrical; both with regular, circular pores of equal size. Mouth
truncate, with a corona of nine to twelve vertical, lamellar feet, which
are as long as the abdomen, rectangular, twice as broad as their distance
apart, and truncate at the end.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03 to 0.04, _b_ 0.06 to
0.08, _c_ 0.04 to 0.06; breadth, _a_ 0.03 to 0.04, _b_ 0.09 to 0.11, _c_
0.08 to 0.1.
_Habitat._--Cosmopolitan; Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, many stations;
surface, and in various depths.
2. _Calocyclas virginis_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 4).
Shell smooth, with distinct collar, but indistinct lumbar stricture. Length
of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 1, breadth = 1 : 4 : 3. Cephalis ovate, with
a slender, conical horn, little shorter than the {1382}shell. Thorax
subspherical. Abdomen nearly cylindrical, little contracted towards the
peristome. Pores regular, circular, twice as broad in the thorax as in the
abdomen, where they are separated by slight longitudinal ribs. Corona of
the peristome composed of sixteen to twenty-four vertical, lamellar feet,
which are longer than the abdomen, rectangular, and truncate at the end.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.05;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.11, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
3. _Calocyclas minervæ_, n. sp.
Shell smooth, with two deep strictures, similar to _Cycladophora
stiligera_. Length of the three joints = 1 : 4 : 3, breadth = 1 : 4 : 3.
Cephalis subspherical, with a large, conical horn of three times the
length. Thorax subspherical, with small, regular, circular pores. Abdomen
cylindrical, with truncate mouth and few irregular pores of different
sizes, commonly arranged in three or four subregular, transverse rows, with
large intervening distances. Peristome with a corona of twelve to twenty
vertical, lamellar feet, which are about as long as the abdomen, and
truncate at the end (in Ehrenberg's figure these are broken off).
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--South Atlantic, Station 332, depth 2200 fathoms.
4. _Calocyclas amicæ_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 2).
Shell smooth, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 4 : 5, breadth = 2 : 5 : 5. Cephalis subspherical, with a pyramidal
horn of the same length. Thorax campanulate-conical; abdomen nearly
cylindrical; both with small, subregular, circular pores. Peristome with a
corona of twelve to fifteen small, triangular feet, only as large as the
thickness of the shell-wall, and separated by distances of twice the size.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.
5. _Calocyclas sacerdotis_, n. sp.
Shell smooth, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 4, breadth = 1 : 3 : 3. Cephalis ovate, with a pyramidal horn of
three times the length. Thorax campanulate, conical; abdomen twice the
length, cylindrical; both with small, regular, circular pores. Peristome
somewhat constricted, with a corona of nine to twelve conical feet, which
are as long as the cephalis, and with the ends curved inwards, protecting
the mouth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.
6. _Calocyclas vestalis_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 3).
Shell smooth, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 3, breadth = 1 : 3 : 3. Cephalis subspherical, with a pyramidal
horn of twice the length. Thorax campanulate; abdomen {1383}nearly
cylindrical; both with regular, hexagonal pores, three times as broad as
the bars. Peristome constricted, half as broad as the abdomen, with a
corona of nine conical, vertical feet as long as the cephalis.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.035, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Calocyclissa_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Thorax spiny or thorny; abdomen smooth.
7. _Calocyclas turris_, Ehrenberg.
_Calocyclas turris_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 66, Taf. xviii. fig. 7.
Shell with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints = 1 : 4 : 4,
breadth = 1 : 5 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical, with a stout conical horn of
the same length. Thorax subspherical, thorny with small, regular, circular,
quincuncial pores. Abdomen cylindrical, smooth, nearly hyaline, with very
scarce, irregular, widely scattered pores. Peristome with a corona of
fifteen to twenty broad, lamellar, vertical, truncate feet, about as long
as the abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
8. _Calocyclas hyalogaster_, n. sp.
Shell with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints = 1 : 4 : 6,
breadth = 1 : 4 : 3. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of twice
the length. Thorax subspherical, thorny, with regular, circular pores.
Abdomen cylindrical, smooth, quite hyaline, without any pores. Peristome
with a corona of twelve broad, lamellar, vertical, truncate feet, half as
long as the abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 300, depth 1375 fathoms.
9. _Calocyclas erinaceus_, Haeckel.
_Cycladophora erinaceus_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 68, Taf. xviii. fig. 2.
Shell with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints = 2 : 9 : 5,
breadth = 3 : 9 : 5. Cephalis subspherical, rough, with a short and broad
conical horn of half the length. Thorax ovate, densely covered with conical
spines as long as the horn, and with regular, circular, quincuncial pores.
Abdomen cylindrical, smooth, with irregular roundish pores of different
sizes. Peristome with twelve to fifteen vertical, broad, lamellar, truncate
feet half as long as the abdomen (in Ehrenberg's figure these are broken
off).
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.18, _c_ 0.1;
breadth, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.18, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
{1384}10. _Calocyclas gigas_, Haeckel.
_Cycladophora gigas_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 68, Taf. xviii. fig. 1.
Shell with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints = 2 : 5 : 3,
breadth = 2 : 6 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, rough, with a short and broad
conical horn of half the length. Thorax subspherical, campanulate, thorny,
with subregular, circular pores (smaller and more numerous than in the
preceding). Abdomen cylindrical, smooth, with a small number of sparsely
disposed, roundish, irregularly scattered pores. Peristome with twenty to
thirty short, lamellar, truncate, vertical feet about half as long as the
cephalis.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.15, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.06, _b_ 0.18, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Subgenus 3. _Calocycloma_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Thorax smooth; abdomen spiny or thorny.
11. _Calocyclas casta_, n. sp. (Pl. 73, fig. 10).
Shell ovate, with two sharp strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 8, breadth = 2 : 4 : 8. Cephalis hemispherical, with a strong
pyramidal horn of twice the length. Thorax campanulate, smooth, with small,
regular, circular pores. Abdomen inflated, subspherical, covered with large
conical spines, and large intervening circular pores (four times as broad
as the thoracic pores). Mouth constricted, only one-third as broad as the
abdomen, with a peristome of nine to twelve conical vertical feet as long
as the abdominal spines. (In the specimen figured they were broken off.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.15;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.15.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
12. _Calocyclas pudica_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 8, breadth = 1 : 4 : 6. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn
of three times the length. Thorax and abdomen nearly of the same shape as
in the preceding species, but more slender and the regular, circular pores
of the abdomen only twice as broad as the thoracic pores. Conical spines of
the abdomen only half as large, but more numerous. Peristome constricted,
half as broad as the abdomen, with sixteen to twenty short, conical,
vertical feet as long as the cephalis.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.16;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
Subgenus 4. _Calocyclura_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Thorax and abdomen spiny or thorny.
{1385}13. _Calocyclas parthenia_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 1).
Shell nearly ovate, with thorny surface, and two slight strictures. Length
of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 4, breadth = 2 : 4 : 5. Cephalis
hemispherical, armed with numerous short, conical thorns, and with a
pyramidal, very large, vertical horn as long as the thorax, and on the
basal half as broad as the cephalis. Thorax hemispherical, separated by a
slight stricture from the broader, barrel-shaped abdomen, which is a little
constricted at the mouth. Teeth of the coronal about twenty, triangular,
short, little divergent. Pores circular, somewhat irregular in size, three
to four times as broad as the bars, in all three joints nearly of the same
shape.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.11;
breadth, _a_ 0.05, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Indian Ocean, Cocos Islands, surface (Rabbe).
14. _Calocyclas aspasia_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, conical, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints
= 1 : 3 : 4, breadth = 1 : 4 : 5. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical
horn of twice the length. Thorax and abdomen nearly of the same shape as in
the preceding species, but covered with longer conical spines, less
numerous, and twice as long as the diameter of the subregular, circular
pores. Mouth more constricted, and armed with a coronal of twelve to
sixteen broad, lamellar feet, as long as the cephalis, and similar to those
of _Calocyclas puella_ (Pl. 74, fig. 5).
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
15. _Calocyclas monumentum_, n. sp. (Pl. 73, fig. 9).
Shell nearly conical, with two very deep strictures, everywhere covered
with long, bristle-shaped, divergent spines, about as long as the thorax.
Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 2, breadth = 1 : 4 : 6. Cephalis
nearly spherical, with a very large, three-sided pyramidal horn of twice
the length. Thorax and abdomen of similar form, campanulate, with a lower
cylindrical, and an upper truncate, conical part. Pores irregular,
roundish, in the smaller thorax of slightly different sizes, in the larger
abdomen three to four transverse rows of larger pores (six to eight in each
row) are separated by numerous much smaller pores. Peristome wide open,
with a coronal of twelve large, triangular, vertical feet, nearly as long
as the abdomen; in the base of each foot a large, roundish, triangular
pore.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.18.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
Genus 606. _Clathrocyclas_,[223] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 434.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with a
simple corona of terminal feet around the dilated mouth. Abdomen dilated,
truncate-conical, or discoidal. No ribs in the shell-wall.
{1386}The genus _Clathrocyclas_ differs from the preceding closely allied
_Calocyclas_ in the dilated mouth and the flatter form of the abdomen,
which is usually truncate, conical, or nearly discoidal. The conical thorax
is often separated from the flat abdomen by an elegant ribbon of small
quadrangular pores. The feet or teeth of the terminal corona are divergent,
or even horizontally expanded, whilst in _Calocyclas_ they are usually
vertical or somewhat convergent.
Subgenus 1. _Clathrocyclia_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell highly conical, often ovate or slenderly campanulate.
Cephalis commonly with a single horn.
1. _Clathrocyclas principessa_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 7).
Shell ovate, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 1, breadth = 1 : 2 : 2. Cephalis hemispherical, large, with a
pyramidal, occipital horn of the same length. Thorax subspherical, with
irregular, circular pores, about as broad as the bars. Abdomen short,
widely open with a single transverse row of circular pores, and a coronal
of twelve triangular, divergent feet, as long as the abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.03;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
2. _Clathrocyclas basilea_, (Pl. 74, fig. 6).
Shell campanulate, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 5 : 3, breadth = 3 : 7 : 9. Cephalis hemispherical, with an ovate,
oblique horn of the same length. Thorax hemispherical, with subregular,
circular pores of the same breadth as the bars. Abdomen short, with two
transverse rows of the same pores, and with a coronal of sixteen to twenty
ovate, divergent feet, as long as the horn.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.03;
breadth, _a_ 0.035, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 348, depth 2450 fathoms.
3. _Clathrocyclas fimbriata_, Haeckel.
? _Halicalyptra fimbriata_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 72, Taf. ii. fig. 11.
Shell campanulate, with two deep strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 3 : 1, breadth = 1 : 3 : 5. Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical horn
of twice the length. Thorax hemispherical, in the upper half hyaline,
without pores, in the lower half with four to six transverse rows of
subregular, circular pores. Abdomen short, suddenly dilated, with one or
two transverse rows of larger {1387}ovate pores (six to eight in one row),
and with a coronal of twelve to fifteen divergent, slender, curved feet, as
long as the cephalis. (In the figure of Ehrenberg, seen half from below,
the cephalis is not represented.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.02;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
4. _Clathrocyclas collaris_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 8).
Shell subconical, with two indistinct strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 1 : 2, breadth = 1 : 2 : 3. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
triangular prismatic horn three times the length. Thorax truncate, conical,
with a single transverse row of circular pores, each of which is placed in
the lower end of an oblong, lanceolate, longitudinal furrow; collar
composed of fifteen to twenty such furrows. Abdomen inflated, with four to
six transverse rows of circular pores, and with a coronal of nine
triangular, divergent feet, longer than the collar.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
5. _Clathrocyclas puella_, Haeckel.
_Podocyrtis puella sinensis_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 82, Taf. xiv. fig. 3.
Shell subconical, with two indistinct strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 1 : 2, breadth = 1 : 2 : 3. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
pyramidal horn of twice the length. Pores subregular, circular,
quincuncial, in the dilated abdomen (with four to five transverse rows),
twice to three times as large as in the short thorax (with two to three
rows). Coronal of the wide peristome with fifteen to twenty short,
triangular, divergent feet, about as long as the cephalis.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.02, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
6. _Clathrocyclas domina_, Haeckel.
_Podocyrtis domina sinensis_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 82, Taf. xiv. fig. 4.
Shell subconical, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 2 : 4, breadth = 1 : 3 : 4. Cephalis ovate, with a conical horn of the
same length (and sometimes with some little accessory thorns at its base).
Pores subregular, circular, quincuncial, in the dilated abdomen (with six
to eight transverse rows), twice to four times as large as in the
hemispherical thorax (with four to six rows). Coronal of the wide peristome
with nine to twelve short, triangular, divergent feet, half as long as the
cephalis (in Ehrenberg's figure incomplete).
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 263 to 268, depth 2650 to 3000
fathoms; also fossil in Barbados.
{1388}Subgenus 2. _Clathrocycloma_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell flatly conical, often widely campanulate, or nearly
discoidal. Cephalis commonly with two or more horns.
7. _Clathrocyclas alcmenæ_, n. sp. (Pl. 59, fig. 6).
Shell conical, with two indistinct strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 10 : 1, breadth = 2 : 12 : 14. Cephalis hemispherical, with two
divergent, pyramidal horns; frontal horn as long as the cephalis, occipital
horn of twice the length. Thorax conical, with large hexagonal meshes,
increasing gradually in size towards the short abdomen, which is
represented only by a single circular girdle of small, square, abdominal
pores. Coronal of the peristome with twenty to thirty triangular,
divergent, nearly horizontal feet, as long as the cephalis.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.01.
_breadth_, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.14.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
8. _Clathrocyclas europæ_, n. sp. (Pl. 59, figs. 11, 12).
Shell conical, almost of the same form as the preceding nearly allied
species, differing from it in the concave (not straight) outline of the
flatter conical thorax, in the more rounded form of its pores, and in the
subspherical form of the cephalis, bearing only a single conical horn of
the same length. Length of the three joints = 2 : 8 : 1, breadth =
2 : 12 : 14. In fig. 11 the cephalis is broken off, so that the four
cortinar pores are visible (two smaller jugular and two larger cardinal
pores, separated by two coracal beams).
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.01.
_breadth_, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.14.
_Habitat._--Mediterranean, Corfu (Haeckel), surface.
9. _Clathrocyclas semeles_, n. sp. (Pl. 58, fig. 5).
Shell conical-campanulate, with two distinct strictures. Length of the
three joints = 2 : 8 : 1, breadth = 2 : 8 : 10. Cephalis hemispherical,
with three divergent, conical horns (the caudal horn, directed downwards,
much longer than the occipital and frontal horns). Pores of the thorax
large, roundish. Abdomen (as in the two preceding species) with only a
single circle of forty to fifty small square pores. Coronal with about the
same number of short, triangular, almost horizontally divergent feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.01.
_breadth_, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, surface.
10. _Clathrocyclas danaës_, n. sp. (Pl. 59, figs. 13, 14).
Shell flatly conical, with straight outline (as in _Clathrocyclas alcmenæ_,
Pl. 59, fig. 6). Length of the three joints = 1 : 5 : 1, breadth =
2 : 8 : 1. Cephalis hemispherical, with a single, short, conical,
{1389}oblique horn (broken off in the specimen figured). Pores of the
thorax polygonal, increasing gradually in size towards the girdle (in three
to four circles.) Abdomen nearly horizontally expanded with two rows of
pores, the inner with very small and numerous square pores, the outer with
twenty to thirty much larger quadrangular pores. Coronal of the peristome
with the same number of short, divergent feet, alternating with the larger
pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.02;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.15, _c_ 0.2.
_Habitat._--North Atlantic, Canary Islands (Lanzerote), Station 354,
surface.
11. _Clathrocyclas jonis_, n. sp. (Pl. 59, fig. 9).
Shell campanulate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
1 : 5 : 2, breadth = 1 : 6 : 8. Cephalis small, hemispherical, with two
divergent, conical horns of nearly equal length. Pores of the thorax
polygonal, increasing in size towards the girdle; in the upper half filled
up by an extremely fine and delicate cobweb-like network. Abdomen with two
rows of pores, of the same shape as in the preceding species, also with
equal coronal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.03;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 274, surface.
12. _Clathrocyclas latonæ_, n. sp. (Pl. 59, fig. 7).
Shell campanulate, very similar to the preceding species, but flatter and
different in the larger cephalis, bearing only a single oblique horn. All
the polygonal pores of the thorax are filled out by delicate cobweb-like
network. Length of the three joints = 1 : 3 : 1, breadth = 1 : 4 : 6.
Abdomen with three circular rows of quadrangular pores; first very small
and numerous, second of median size, third very large. Coronal with thirty
to forty short triangular feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.03;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, b 0.12, c 0.18.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 325, surface.
13. _Clathrocyclas coscinodiscus_, n. sp. (Pl. 58, figs. 3, 4).
Shell flatly campanulate, with two distinct strictures. Length of the three
joints = 1 : 5 : 2, breadth = 1 : 8 : 10. Cephalis hemispherical, with two
divergent, pyramidal horns of the same length. Thorax with concave outline,
with numerous hexagonal pores, gradually increasing in size towards the
girdle, except the outermost row (inside the girdle), which is composed of
very small, square pores. Abdomen (outside the girdle) with three rows of
pores; first with small, second with median, third with large pores.
Coronal with eighty to one hundred short, divergent feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, b 0.1, _c_ 0.03;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, b 0.16, c 0.2.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
{1390}14. _Clathrocyclas cassiopeiæ_, n. sp. (Pl. 59, fig. 5).
Shell flatly campanulate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three
joints = 2 : 4 : 3, breadth = 2 : 6 : 8. Cephalis ovate, thorny, with a
pyramidal horn of the same length, and several smaller accessory horns.
Thorax smooth, with irregular, polygonal pores of nearly equal size.
Abdomen spiny, with three to four irregular rows of similar pores. Coronal
with sixty to ninety or more irregularly and obliquely divergent feet,
little larger than the abdominal spines.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Rabbe, surface.
Genus 607. _Lamprocyclas_,[224] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 434.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with a
double corona of solid terminal feet around the mouth. No ribs in the
shell-wall.
The genus _Lamprocyclas_ differs from _Calocyclas_, its ancestral form, in
the duplication of the terminal corona. Usually the feet or teeth of the
lower corona are convergent and curved inwards, whilst the teeth of the
upper corona are divergent and curved outwards. Sometimes above the latter
a third corona begins to be developed. The whole shell is more or less
conical, very thick-walled, with a large and stout apical horn.
Subgenus 1. _Lamprocyclia_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Feet of the peristome simple, not branched.
1. _Lamprocyclas nuptialis_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 15).
Shell campanulate, nearly smooth, with two slight strictures. Length of the
three joints = 1 : 2 : 2, breadth = 1 : 3 : 4. Cephalis ovate, with a very
large, three-sided prismatic horn, nearly as long as the shell. Thorax and
abdomen gradually dilated, with regular, circular, double-edged pores.
Outer coronal of the peristome with twelve to fifteen divergent feet, inner
with as many subvertical, triangular, little curved feet, about as long as
the cephalis.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
2. _Lamprocyclas maritalis_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, figs. 13, 14).
Shell campanulate, very similar to the preceding species in form and
fenestration, but not so slender and with different peristome. Length of
the three joints = 4 : 5 : 6, breadth = 4 : 10 : 13. Cephalis subspherical,
with a very stout, pyramidal horn of twice the length, the edges of which
are {1391}spirally convoluted. Outer coronal of the peristome with twelve
to fifteen short, divergent feet, inner with as many convergent, longer
feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.13.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
3. _Lamprocyclas deflorata_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 10).
Shell ovate, smooth, with deep collar, but indistinct lumbar stricture;
very similar to the two preceding species, but with different horn and
peristome. Length of the three joints = 3 : 5 : 8, breadth = 3 : 10 : 13.
Cephalis subspherical, with a pyramidal horn of twice the length, the three
faces of which are deeply concave. Thoracic pores half as large as the
abdominal, both subregular, double-edged. Outer coronal of the wide
peristome with nine short, triangular, subvertical feet, inner with nine
larger, horizontal feet, lying in the plane of the wide mouth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.08;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.13.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
4. _Lamprocyclas saltatricis_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, fig. 16).
Shell conical, rough, with two slight strictures. Length of the three
joints = 2 : 2 : 3, breadth = 1 : 4 : 6. Cephalis ovate, with a large,
prismatic horn, half as long as the shell. Pores subregular, circular, not
double-edged, three times as broad in the inflated abdomen as in the
hemispherical thorax. Outer coronal of the wide peristome with twelve to
fifteen divergent feet, inner with fifteen to twenty conical feet, which
are curved inwards nearly horizontally.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.07;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.15.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.
5. _Lamprocyclas reginæ_, n. sp. (Pl. 74, figs. 11, 12).
Shell campanulate, with two slight strictures. Length of the three joints =
2 : 3 : 3, breadth = 2 : 5 : 6. Cephalis subcylindrical, with about fifteen
longitudinal rows of circular pores, separated by prominent, parallel
crests, and with a very large sword-like horn, nearly as long as the shell.
Thorax hemispherical, smooth, with elegant, circular, hexagonally-framed
pores. Abdomen dilated, with similar but larger pores, armed with
hook-shaped spines. The two inferior rows of these hooks form the double
coronal of the peristome; the feet of the outer are curved downwards, of
the inner inwards.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.
6. _Lamprocyclas ægles_, Haeckel.
_Podocyrtis ægles_, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xxxv. B. B iv. fig.
18.
Shell campanulate, conical, thorny, with two deep strictures. Length of the
three joints = 3 : 5 : 5, breadth = 3 : 8 : 11. Cephalis ovate, with a
stout, three-sided prismatic horn of twice the {1392}length. Pores
subregular, circular, twice as broad in the inflated abdomen as in the
campanulate thorax, and four times as broad as in the cephalis. Outer
coronal of the wide peristome with fifteen to twenty conical, divergent
feet, inner coronal with a smaller number of vertical, parallel, divergent
feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.05;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.11.
_Habitat._--North Atlantic, depth 1400 fathoms (Berrymann).
Subgenus 2. _Lamprocycloma_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Feet of the peristome forked or branched.
7. _Lamprocyclas bajaderæ_, n. sp.
Shell campanulate, very similar to the preceding species, but with stronger
spines on the abdomen and with different peristome. Length of the three
joints = 2 : 2 : 3, breadth = 2 : 6 : 8. Cephalis equal to that of
_Lamprocyclas maritalis_ (Pl. 74, figs. 13, 14). Outer coronal of the
peristome with fifteen to twenty divergent, pyramidal feet, half as long as
the horn; inner coronal with as many longer, vertical feet, which are
irregularly forked or branched.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.12, _c_ 0.16.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 298, depth 2225 fathoms.
Genus 608. _Diplocyclas_,[225] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 434.
_Definition._--#Theophormida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata aperta) with a
double corona of radial solid feet, an upper around the lumbar stricture, a
lower around the mouth. No ribs in the shell-wall.
The genus _Diplocyclas_ differs from all the other Theophormida in the
possession of a double coronal of radial teeth, an upper between thorax and
abdomen, and a lower around the terminal mouth of the latter; it may be
regarded as an _Anthocyrtis_, which has formed an abdomen, and repeated the
terminal armature. The cephalis bears a single or double apical horn.
1. _Diplocyclas bicorona_, n. sp. (Pl. 59, fig. 8).
Shell slender, campanulate. Length of the three joints = 1 : 3 : 2, breadth
= 1 : 4 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, with two divergent horns; the occipital
of the same length and forked, the frontal shorter and simple. Thorax
campanulate, with six to eight transverse rows of double-edged roundish
pores of increasing size. Abdomen cylindrical, with three transverse rows
of large {1393}polygonal pores, and a terminal row of very small square
pores. Lumbar and terminal coronals of similar shape, each with twenty to
thirty short divergent feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.025, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
2. _Diplocyclas bicincta_, n. sp.
Shell campanulate, in general of the same form as, and similar fenestration
to, the preceding species but not so slender, and with different
proportions. Length of the three joints = 1 : 4 : 2, breadth = 2 : 5 : 5.
Cephalis hemispherical, with a single, conical, simple horn. Pores of the
thorax hexagonal, of increasing size (in eight to ten transverse rows).
Abdomen with smaller square pores (in four to six rows). The two coronals
of the same shape as in Pl. 59, fig. 8.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.04;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.1, _c_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.
3. _Diplocyclas bizonalis_, n. sp.
Shell subconical, with indistinct collar and distinct lumbar stricture.
Length of the three joints = 1 : 2 : 3, breadth = 1 : 3 : 4. Cephalis
hemispherical, with two divergent conical horns of equal size. Thorax
conical, with small, irregular, double-edged pores, and a terminal corona
of about nine very large pores. Abdomen truncate, conical, with three to
four transverse rows of roundish, quadrangular, very large pores. Lumbar
and terminal coronals of similar shape, each with twelve to fifteen
triangular divergent feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.06;
breadth, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.
Subfamily 2. THEOPHÆNIDA, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.
_Definition._--#Phormocyrtida# with the basal mouth of the shell
fenestrated (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata clausa).
Genus 609. _Hexalatractus_,[226] n. gen.
_Definition._--#Theophænida# (vel Tricyrtida multiradiata clausa) with six
lateral wings on the abdomen.
The genus _Hexalatractus_, and the following genus _Theophæna_, represent
together the small subfamily Theophænida, or those Tricyrtida in which the
terminal mouth of the shell is closed by lattice-work, and six or nine
lateral apophyses indicate a multiradiate structure. The shell is more or
less ovate or spindle-shaped, tapering towards {1394}both poles, and
resembles greatly the triradiate _Rhopalocanium_. It may be derived from
the latter by interpolation of three secondary or interradial wings between
the three primary or perradial apophyses.
1. _Hexalatractus sexalatus_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, smooth, with two distinct strictures, length of the three
joints = 3 : 6 : 9, breadth = 4 : 9 : 8. Cephalis subspherical, with a
pyramidal horn of twice the length. Thorax campanulate; abdomen inversely
conical; both with subregular, circular pores. Six divergent wings arise,
beginning from the collar stricture, from the upper half of the shell, with
broad triangular base; they are little curved downwards, with the convexity
outside, and gradually tapering towards the distal end; the latter lies in
the same horizontal plane as the basal apex of the abdomen.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.09;
breadth, _a_ 0.04, _b_ 0.09, _c_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 263, depth 2650 fathoms.
2. _Hexalatractus fusiformis_, n. sp. (Pl. 68, fig. 13).
Shell rough, nearly spindle-shaped, with sharp collar and slight lumbar
stricture. Length of the three joints = 2 : 5 : 12, breadth = 3 : 8 : 7.
Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical horn of the same length. Thorax
hemispherical with regular, circular, hexagonally-framed pores. Abdomen
inversely conical, with irregular, roundish pores. From the upper half of
the abdomen arise, with broad triangular base, six divergent wings, which
are nearly straight, and slightly fenestrated at the base; their conical
distal ends do not reach the horizontal plane, in which the basal apex of
the abdomen lies.
_Dimensions._--Length of the three joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.12;
breadth, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
Genus 610. _Theophæna_,[227] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.