The curious ancient drinking glass, called the Luck of Edenhall,
on the preservation of which, according to popular superstition,
the prosperity of the Musgrave family depends, is well known from
the humourous parody on the old ballad of Chevy Chase, commonly
attributed to the Duke of Wharton, but in reality composed by
Lloyd, one of his jovial companions, which begins,
"God prosper long from being broke
The Luck of Edenhall."
The Duke, after taking a draught, had nearly terminated "the Luck
of Edenhall;" but fortunately the butler caught the cup in a napkin
as it dropped from his grace's hands. It is understood that it is
no longer subjected to such risks. It is now generally shown with
a damask cloth securely held by the four corners beneath it, which
for this purpose is deposited along with the vessel in a safe place
where important family documents are preserved.
Not without good reason do the Musgraves look with superstitious
regard to its careful preservation amongst them. The present
generation could, it is said, tell of disasters following swift
and sure upon its fall, in fulfilment of the omen embodied in the
legend attached to it.
The vessel is of a green coloured glass of Venice manufacture of
the 10th century, ornamented with foliage of different colours
in enamel and gold; it is about seven inches in height and about
two in diameter at the base, from which it increases in width and
terminates in a gradual curve at the brim where it measures about
four inches. It is carefully preserved in a stamped leather case,
ornamented with scrolls of vine leaves, and having on the top, in
old English characters, the letters I. H. C.; from which it seems
probable that this vessel was originally designed for sacred uses.
The covering is said to be of the time of Henry VI. or Edward IV.
The glass is probably one of the oldest in England.
The tradition respecting this vessel is connected with the still
current belief, that he who has courage to rush upon a fairy
festival, and snatch from them their drinking cup or horn, shall
find it prove to him a cornucopia of good fortune or plenty, if
he can bear it safely across a running stream. The goblet still
carefully preserved in Edenhall is supposed to have been seized at
a banquet of the elves, by one of the ancient family of Musgrave;
or, as others say, the butler, going to fetch water from St.
Cuthbert's Well, which is near the hall, surprised a company of
fairies who were dancing on the green, near the spring, where they
had left this vessel, which the butler seized, and on his refusal
to restore it, they uttered the ominous words,--
"Whenever this cup shall break or fall,
Farewell the luck of Edenhall."
The name of the goblet was taken from the prophecy. There is
no writing to shew how it came into the family, nor any record
concerning it. Its history rests solely on the tradition. Dr.
Todd supposes it to have been a chalice, when it was unsafe to
have those sacred vessels made of costlier metals, on account
of the predatory habits which prevailed on the borders. He also
says, that the bishops of this diocese permitted not only the
parochial or secular, but also the monastic or regular clergy, to
celebrate the eucharist in chalices of that clear and transparent
metal. The following was one of the canons made in the reign of
king Athelstan:--_Sacer calix fusilis sit, non ligneus_--_Let the
holy chalice be fusile, and not of wood, which might imbibe the
consecrated wine._
William of Newbridge relates how one of these drinking-vessels,
called elfin goblets, came into the possession of King Henry
the First. A country-man belonging to a village near his own
birthplace, returning home late at night, and tipsy, from a visit
to a friend in a neighbouring village, heard a sound of merriment
and singing within a hill; and peeping through an open door in the
side of the hill, he saw a numerous company of both sexes feasting
in a large and finely lighted hall. A cup being handed to him by
one of the attendants, he took it, threw out the contents, and made
off with his booty, pursued by the whole party of revellers, from
whom he escaped by the speed of his mare, and reached his home in
safety. The cup, which was of unknown material and of unusual form
and colour was presented to the king.
At Muncaster Castle there is preserved an ancient glass vessel
of the basin form, about seven inches in diameter, ornamented
with some white enamelled mouldings; which, according to family
tradition, was presented by King Henry VI. to Sir John Pennington,
Knight, who was steadily attached to that unfortunate monarch, and
whom he had the honour of entertaining at Muncaster Castle, in
his flight from the Yorkists. In acknowledgment of the protection
he had received, the King is said to have presented his host with
this curious glass cup with a prayer that the family should ever
prosper, and never want a male heir, so long as they preserved it
unbroken: hence the cup was called "the luck of Muncaster." The
Hall contains, among other family pictures, one representing "King
Henry VI. giving to Sir John Pennington, on his leaving the Castle
1461, the luck of Muncaster."
It is probable that the king was here on two occasions; the first
being after the battle of Towton, in 1461, when accompanied by his
queen and their young son, with the dukes of Exeter and Somerset,
he fled with great precipitation into Scotland: the second, after
the battle of Hexham, which was fought on the 15th of May, 1463. On
his defeat at Hexham, some friends of the fugitive king took him
under their protection, and conveyed him into Lancashire. During
the period that he remained in concealment, which was about twelve
months, the king visited Muncaster. On this occasion the royal
visit appears to have been attended with very little of regal pomp
or ceremony. Henry, having made his way into Cumberland, with only
one companion arrived at Irton Hall soon after midnight; but his
quality being unknown, or the inmates afraid to receive him, he
was denied admittance. He then passed over the mountains towards
Muncaster, where he was accidentally met by some shepherds at three
o'clock in the morning, and was conducted by them to Muncaster
Castle. The spot where the meeting took place is still indicated by
a tall steeple-like monument on an eminence at some distance from
the castle.
The "luck of Burrell Green," at the house of Mr. Lamb, yeoman,
in Great Salkeld, Cumberland, is less fragile in structure, is
not less venerated for its traditional alliance with the fortunes
of its possessors than the lordly cups of the Penningtons and
Musgraves. It is an _ancient_ brass dish resembling a shield, with
an inscription round it, now nearly effaced. Like the celebrated
glass of Edenhall, this too has its legend and couplet, the latter
of which runs thus:--
"If this dish be sold or gi'en,
Farewell the luck of Burrell Green."
When Ranulph de Meschines had received the grant of Cumberland from
William the Conqueror, he made a survey of the whole county, and
gave to his followers all the frontiers bordering on Scotland and
Northumberland, retaining to himself the central part between the
east and west mountains, "a goodly great forest, full of woods,
red deer and fallow, wild swine, and all manner of wild beasts."
This Forest of Inglewood comprehends all that large and now fertile
tract of country, extending westward from Carlisle to Westward,
thence in a direct line through Castle Sowerby and Penrith to the
confluence of the Eamont and the Eden, which latter river then
forms its eastern boundary all the way northward to Carlisle,
forming a sort of triangle, each side of which is more than twenty
miles in length. The Duke of Devonshire, as lord of the Honour of
Penrith, has now paramount authority over the manors of Inglewood
Forest.
The Forest, or Swainmote, court, for the seigniory, is held
yearly, on the feast of St. Barnabas the apostle (June 11.) in
the parish of Hesket-in-the-Forest, in the open air, on the great
north road to Carlisle; and the place is marked by a stone placed
before an ancient thorn, called _Court-Thorn_. The tenants of
more than twenty mesne manors attend here, from whom a jury for
the whole district is empanelled and sworn; and Dr. Todd says,
that the chamberlain of Carlisle was anciently foreman. Here are
paid the annual dues to the lord of the forest, compositions for
improvements, purprestures, agistments, and puture of the foresters.
Until the year 1823, there was an old oak on Wragmire Moss, well
known as _the last tree of Inglewood Forest_, which had survived
the blasts of 700 or 800 winters. This "time-honored" oak was
remarkable, not only for the beauty of the wood, which was marked
in a similar manner to satin-wood, but as being a boundary mark
between the manors of the Duke of Devonshire and the Dean and
Chapter of Carlisle, as also between the parishes of Hesket and St.
Cuthbert's, Carlisle; and was noticed as such for upwards of 600
years. This oak, which had weathered so many hundred stormy winters
was become considerably decayed in its trunk. It fell not, however,
by the tempest or the axe, but from sheer old age on the 13th of
June, 1823. It was an object of great interest, being the veritable
last tree of Inglewood Forest: under whose spreading branches may
have reposed victorious Edward I., who is said to have killed 200
bucks in this ancient forest; and, perhaps at a later period, "John
de Corbrig, the poor hermit of Wragmire," has counted his beads
beneath its shade.
On the same day on which this tree fell, Mr. Robert Bowman, who was
born at Hayton, in 1705, died at Irthington, at the extraordinary
age of 117 years and 8 months, retaining his faculties till about
three months before his death. He lived very abstemiously, was
never intoxicated but once in his life, and at the age of 111, used
occasionally to assist his family at their harvest work. The last
forty years of his life were spent at Irthington, and in his 109th
year he walked to and from Carlisle, being 14 miles, in one day.
The most remarkable instance of longevity in a native of Cumberland
is that of John Taylor, born at Garragill in the parish of Aldston
moor. He went underground to work in the lead mines at eleven years
of age. He was fourteen or fifteen at the time of the great solar
eclipse, called in the North _mirk Monday_, which happened 29th of
March, 1652. From that time till 1752, except for two years, during
which he was employed in the mint at Edinburgh, he wrought in the
mines at Aldston, at Blackhall in the Bishoprick of Durham, and in
various parts of Scotland. His death happened sometime in the year
1772, in the neighbourhood of Moffat, near the Leadhills mines, in
which he had been employed several years. He worked in the mines
till he was about 115. At the time of his decease he must have been
135 years of age.
The Rev. George Braithwaite, who died, curate of St. Mary's
Carlisle, in 1753, at the age of 110, is said to have been a member
of the Cathedral, upwards of one hundred years, having first become
connected with the establishment as a chorister.
In Cumberland the prevalence of longevity seems to be confined to
no particular district: the parishes which border on the fells
on the east side of the county, are rather more remarkable for
longevity than those on the Western coast: but there is little
difference except in the large towns.
A list of remarkable instances of longevity, chiefly taken from
the registers of burials in the several parishes in Cumberland, is
given in Lyson's Magna Britannia. It embraces the period between
1664 and 1814 inclusive, and gives the date, name, parish, and age
of each individual. In that space of 150 years, the list comprises
144 individuals ranging from 100 to 113 years of age. Seventy were
males, seventy-four were females.
The number of persons in Cumberland who have reached from 90 to
99 years inclusive, since the ages have been noted in the parish
registers is above 1120: of these about one fourth have attained or
exceeded the age of 95 years.