I saw Aberdeen. He rather expects it.

Read the report of the Commission appointed to form the articles of

accusation against the Ministers. It is a party speech, with little points

and prettinesses, affecting moderation, and full of rancour. It is a nation

which has no idea of justice.

_September 28._

Cabinet room. Dispatches of the 24th and 25th from Sir Ch. Bagot; but none

from Mr. Cartwright. When Sir Ch. Bagot wrote last thirty hours had elapsed

without official intelligence, although the distance is only thirteen

hours. It was known there had been hard fighting, that it was necessary to

take in succession every house in the Rue Neuve Royale, that the troops

were in possession of the upper part of the town, and a proposition had

been made by the lower town for a cessation of hostilities, after which

they had recommenced.

It is evident the resistance has been most serious. 20,000 French are in

the town, and these probably direct the defence. All clubs, and councils of

all sorts, had ceased to have power two days before the attack. There has

been perfect anarchy. The troops behaved admirably. They were much

exasperated. No assistance had been sent by the country.

Aberdeen is confident the King's troops have been driven out, because no

official accounts were sent. The Duke, and all the military men, say the

non-arrival of dispatches proves nothing but that the affair was not over.

During an engagement a general can think of nothing but victory. The

importance of the result is incalculable.

At Paris the National Guard have dispersed a meeting of lookers on, who

were led by curiosity to crowd about a riding school in which the Society

of Les Amis du Peuple met the day after they were denounced by Guizot in

the Chamber as agitating France. Two officers of the National Guard entered

the riding school, and warned the meeting of the danger they were bringing

upon public tranquillity. On the representation of the second they

adjourned.

At dinner at Lord Rosslyn's the Duke said the French Government could not

go on as it was. The chief of the National Guard necessarily commanded

everything. The National Guard might become janissaries. I think the

Government may go on as it is _in form,_ but it will vary _in substance_

from day to day. Management, a little good fortune, and a few examples of

determination may make it a fair Government; a single error may produce

anarchy.

The Duke gave an excellent account of the feeling at Liverpool, Manchester,

and Birmingham. At Manchester it was better than at Birmingham, but there

they received very coldly Tennyson's speech about giving them members, and

at last put an end to it by striking their glasses with their knives, which

made such a ringing that Tennyson was obliged to sit down. He deserved this

for his bad taste.

The Duke was astonished by the machinery. Those who have witnessed the

improvements of late years expect progressive improvements so great that

they say a man who laid out 100,000£ now in the best machinery would, if he

refused to adopt the new improvements they anticipate, be without profit in

five years and be ruined in ten.

The rapidity of motion is so great in the steam carriages that even the

Duke with his quick eyes could not see the figures on the posts which mark

the distance at every quarter of a mile, and when two steam carriages

crossed no face could be seen. [Footnote: This was on the Manchester and

Liverpool Railway, then just opened, and describes the first impression

made by railway travelling.] It was like the whizzing of a cannon ball. The

cold is great, and they must have some defence against the wind, through

which they pass so rapidly.

A new canal without locks, which brings coals to Birmingham in two hours,

which by the old canal required nine, is more magnificent even than the

railroad, splendid as that is. The railroad cost a million. For several

days after it was opened the proprietors made 250£ a day.

The King has the gout. The Duke goes to Brighton to-morrow. We dine with

him on Thursday. Cabinets will not begin till next week.

_September 29._

No news in the newspaper from Brussels. No dispatches from Sir Ch. Bagot or

Mr. Cartwright arrived at the office; but a gentleman who left Brussels at

five on Sunday reports that they were then fighting in the town, but the

troops had the worst of it.

The Consul at Ostend reports that the King's troops evacuated Brussels on

Sunday night; that reinforcements from the country were pouring into

Brussels; that there had been an attempt at insurrection at Ostend, which

was put down for the time by the Governor, who killed two and wounded six;

that eleven or twelve men had marched in from Bruges, which was in

possession of the Bourgeois; that Ghent was expected to rise, and in a few

days all Belgium would be separated from the King.

A son of Holmes of the Treasury arrived at the Foreign Office at four, and

said he had left Ostend at three yesterday, when there was a report that

the Dutch had made another attack and had recaptured the park.

It seems they never had more than the park. They had to take, and did take,

the Rue Royale. They were more thoroughly masters of the Place Royale. They

planted guns against the town, which were answered by guns from the rebels.

At five on Sunday the latter were gradually advancing, and picking off the

troops in the park.

The first day some rockets were fired and eighteen houses burnt; but Prince

Frederick ordered the discontinuance of this, the only efficacious mode of

attack.

Lord Blantyre was killed. He was lame and on a sofa, but curiosity led him

to crawl to the window and peep out, when a ball struck him in the

forehead. Lady Blantyre and his children were with him. He was much

esteemed. He was in the Peninsula, and a gallant officer.

I think the employment of European officers in civil situations under

native princes may be very useful to their subjects; and while we do not

ourselves employ natives in high situations, to force all native princes to

employ them is to make a striking contrast between their Government and

ours, very injurious to ours.

Jones seemed to hesitate and to think I committed myself. However, I feel

sure of my ground.

A letter from Lord Cleveland, expressing a wish to have the Vicarage of

Ilchester, and offering an equivalent living in Shropshire, or Cheshire.

I sent his letter to the Bishop of Bath and Wells, saying I should be much

obliged to him if he could make the arrangement, Lord Cleveland being a

faithful and powerful supporter of Government.

Told Lord Cleveland I had transmitted his letter with a strong

recommendation.

I made my letter as agreeable to the Bishop as I could, but I dare say he

will refuse. Very likely he has given away the vicarage. I told Lord

Cleveland I thought it probable.

_September 30._

The Consul at Antwerp writes a long foolish letter in much alarm.

Mr. Cartwright's reports are come. He describes a horrible carnage. The

events much as we know them. Sir A. Bagot says his Russian colleague has,

with the consent of the King and the Dutch Ministers, written home to say

Belgium can only be preserved by foreign aid.

At dinner at the Duke of Wellington's met Talleyrand and Vaudreuil. The

others there were Aberdeen, Goulburn, Herries, Murray, Beresford, Lord F.

Somerset, and Rosslyn.

Talleyrand is not altered since 1815, except that he speaks thick. He has

not even changed his hairdresser or his tailor.

Lord Rosslyn showed me a letter from Lady Janet, who was in Brussels during

the fight. She walked about frequently, and was treated with civility by

the armed burghers. A few grape-shot fell into the courtyard, and she

picked up one. She was at the Hotel de Brabant in the Rue Neuve. There was

no pillage, nor any riot. The loss of the people was great. She left the

town on Sunday (I think) with a passport from Count Hoogwoorst, and got

round to Antwerp.

The troops are said to have lost only 600 men. Prince Frederick is about

two leagues from Brussels, on the road to Louvain, waiting for heavy guns.

This is the report. I suspect he will retreat altogether.

_October 1._

On consideration thought it would be better to have a secret letter on the

press, authorising the Government to allow their servants to be connected

with the press. To this letter I thought it advisable to add an exhortation

to redoubled zeal on the part of the Company's servants on account of the

unsettled state in which the minds of men must be until it was decided

under what form the future Government of India should be administered, and

I directed the Government to make all thoroughly understand that no

possible change could effect the public debt, or the rights of the natives

or the just expectations of the European servants. My reason for thinking

the officers of Government should be permitted to be concerned in the press

is this, that if none but those who are unconnected with the Government,

and who, according to the existing system, cannot be connected with it,

manage the press, the probability is that everything will be said against

the Government and nothing for it.

I showed the proposed letter to the Duke. He thought it would be better to

pay people for writing than to employ the Company's servants, and that the

concluding paragraphs would lead the Government to suppose it was quite

decided that the Company should be put an end to. It is wonderful the sort

of prejudice he has in favour of the Company. He thinks that unless

Directors selected writers and cadets we should have an inferior sort of

people in India. I have no objection to the patronage being in a corporate

body, but I am satisfied the present system leads to a degree of delay

which is more mischievous than misdirection. He acknowledges, however, that

the service is much changed. The exhibition made by Courtenay Smith has

produced a strong impression upon his mind. He has done more injury to the

Company in his mind than all the evidence. He still seems unwilling to make

his opinion up against the continuance of the monopoly. It must fall,

however.

The King wishes to have Sir E. Barnes appointed provisional successor to

Lord Dalhousie. The Duke thinks him a better man than Sir R. O'Callaghan,

who was suggested by Lord F. Somerset. I suggested that it would be

expedient to unite the influence of Governor-General with that of

Commander-in-Chief, and make Lord William Bentinck provisional successor.

The Duke seemed to think Lord William could not execute both duties, and

that it was better to adhere to the general usage of separating the two

offices. It seems that after Lord Hastings' return the Court intimated a

disposition to separate the offices in future. I can do nothing against the

King, the Duke, and the Horse Guards; but I am satisfied it would have been

better to send Sir E. Barnes as second in command to the Governor-General.

The King (Lord F. Somerset told me) was desirous of doing away with the

Company's European regiments. He could not do a better thing. He has

likewise some notion of bringing the army under himself. The Duke thinks it

must be a _local army,_ and certainly it must. [Footnote: In accordance

with this view Lord Ellenborough opposed the eventual amalgamation of the

Queen's and the Indian army.] I believe it is better to make it an army of

three Presidencies, not one army. My doubt is whether it would not be

advisable to allow exchanges from the King's army to the Company's.

Everything would be beneficial that raised the tone of the Indian army.

The Duke showed me a draft letter he had written for Aberdeen to Lord

Stuart, informing the French Government that the King of the Netherlands

had required the assistance of his allies to re-establish his authority in

Belgium. That it was as much the interest of France as of other Powers to

put down a revolution not carried on by the higher or the middle, but by

the lowest classes of the people. That we were desirous of concerting with

France, as one of the contracting parties to the Treaty of Vienna, what

course should be now adopted. It could not be supposed the Allies would

forego the advantage of the union of Belgium and Holland for which they had

sacrificed so much.

This was the substance of the letter. It will not be sent without the

concurrence of the Cabinet, which will be summoned the moment Peel comes to

town, and he is hourly expected.

I think this letter prudent, inasmuch as whatever may happen it will place

us in the right; but I do not expect that France will do anything against

the rebels, or sanction the doing of anything.

The Duke considers, as indeed is clear enough, that it is idle to expect

the future submission of Belgium to the King of the Netherlands. It may be

possible to place it under a Prince of the House of Nassau. I do not think

the Duke sees his way; but he expects war.

_October 2._

Cabinet. Aberdeen's letter to Lord Stuart. It is founded upon the Duke's

memorandum, but much extended _à l'Indienne_. I think none approved of it

but Lord Bathurst. I objected to the statement that the treaty of 1815

imposed upon us _obligations_. It may give us _rights_, but it imposes no

obligation. Then the principle of non-interference is advanced as just and

wise, but there are peculiar circumstances attending the position of the

Netherlands which make a difference.

There is an assertion that the troubles in Belgium have been fomented by

French agency, although not assisted by the Government, and a direct

reference is made to the Barrier Treaties. France is requested to concert

with us and the Allies to _suppress_ the anarchy which exists in the Low

Countries. She is at the same time reminded that in no case can the Allies

consent to renounce the security given to them by the Treaty of Paris in

consequence of an insurrection amongst the lower orders at Brussels. Of

this a great deal will be left out. Peel seemed to be rather averse to the

whole tenor of the letter, which looks like an invitation to put down the

insurrection by force. He sketched in a few words a letter which would be

innocuous.

The Duke's object is to make an effort to induce France to act with us to

settle the Belgian affairs amicably. They cannot be settled _without_

France, without a war. But is there any hope that the French Government

will venture to give us her _appui_? If they be self-denying enough to

renounce the hopes of annexing Belgium to France, their fears of the

Jacobins will not allow them to do so. My expectation is that they will say

they neither have interfered nor will interfere to dissolve the union

between Holland and Belgium. That they will not interfere in the internal

concerns of other States.

Some think they will go farther and declare they will not allow other

_Powers_ to do so. I do not expect this.

Every word of this letter must be well weighed, for every discontented man

in England and in France will criticise its words and its spirit. There is

no writer more unsafe than Aberdeen.

Rosslyn did not seem to like the letter at all, but he said little. I

whispered to Peel that I wished he would bring a letter to-morrow. _Short_.

It was at last agreed alterations should be made, and we are to meet at one

to-morrow.

Peel takes the letter home, and will, I trust, cut it down.

The King Charles X. is in danger of being arrested, of which he naturally

has a great horror, and he desires to be allowed to go to Holyrood House,

where he would be safe. At Lulworth they are afraid of the Due de Bordeaux

being kidnapped. The pretence is the getting masters from Edinburgh for the

children.

It may be feared that the placing him in a royal residence may look or be

represented as looking like recognition. On the other hand his removal from

the southern coast to Scotland is a renunciation of intrigues with France.

It would be inconvenient if the King should wish to go to Edinburgh next

year. Charles X. is to be told he cannot stay there after the spring.

However, he will probably live there all his life.

It would be a revolting sight to see a King imprisoned for debt, and all

gentlemen, all men of feeling, would have cried out _shame_!

We are right in feeling, but in policy I am not sure.

Nieuport has fallen as well as Ostend. The Bruxellois are drilling, and

threaten to attack Prince Frederick. Probably Van Holen drills them to keep

them quiet.

Many people have applied to Falck [Footnote: Dutch Minister.] for passports

for Brussels, going in reality to join the rebels. Today two Irish

labourers asked for passports! Brussels will become the sink of Europe, and

every unquiet spirit will go there.

The Duke thinks our attempt to make France act in concert with us the only

chance of preserving peace.

I fear its preservation is almost desperate. One thing is in favour of it,

that all the European States desire it yet more than we do.

I cautioned them to-day not to take any advanced position from which it

would be difficult and discreditable to retreat. The people would not go in

with us in a war to avert a distant danger, nor indeed for any object not

commercially interesting.

It came out accidentally in the course of conversation respecting the loan

to the Netherlands that we had lent 20,000£ to the Greeks; the sum to be

repaid by bills to be drawn by our Commissioner whenever the loan we are to

guarantee may be made--that is, we are to be paid out of our own money.

Of this loan I knew nothing, and my impression is that when it was

earnestly pressed by Aberdeen such objections were stated on the ground of

illegality that the decision was against it. Certainly nothing was decided

in favour of it. I recollect having said I would rather advance a portion

of the money myself than be a party to the transaction.

_October 3._

Cabinet. The Consul at Ostend announces that nothing remains to the King of

the Netherlands but Antwerp. The troops have everywhere laid down their

arms. On the 1st the Brussels papers announce that orders had been issued

by the provisional Government for arresting all the Dutch officers.

Peel read first the dispatch written by Aberdeen with the omissions agreed

upon, and then his own substitutions. His is much the best. It speaks of

'composing troubles' instead of 'suppressing anarchy,' avoids all mention

of interference, and altogether is a more prudent paper, touching the

Barrier very slightly. It was understood that Peel's was adopted.

It is determined to allow the King, Charles X., to go to Holyrood House,

but he will be told there is no furniture, or very little, and that he can

only stay six months, and that no expense can be incurred on his account.

He has admitted no one to an audience, but many have been to Lulworth to

ask for places.

Talleyrand says they have found an _ébauche_ of Polignac's, telling

Bourmont that his proposal that the money taken at Algiers should be given

to the Legion of Honour could not be complied with, as the King intended to

distribute it amongst his most faithful friends. They pretend they do not

intend to make use of this because there is no proof of its having been

sent; in fact they do not use it because it reflects credit on Bourmont.

Lord Rosslyn, with whom I walked as far as Pimlico Palace, showed me the

Treasury list of the House of Commons. 311 decided friends and 189 enemies-

that is 500; the remainder, consisting of moderate Tories, violent Tories,

good and bad doubtfuls, as well as Huskissonians (the latter 13), are more

likely to be against us than for us.

Rosslyn still hankers after a coalition, but reform has made it impossible.

We might have had this time last year Sir J. Graham. We might even now have

Palmerston, [Footnote: It appears from Lord Palmerston's published papers

that this was an error. He had already determined to act with the Whigs,

and not to take office without Lord Grey and Lord Lansdowne. See Ashley's

_Life of Lord Palmerston_, vol. i. p. 211.] but the Duke seems determined

to go on as he is, Peel and all, even Bathurst, seem to have a correct view

of the danger; but I see no flinching.

_October 4._

Saw the Duke. Suggested that we must soon consider what should be done with

respect to the China trade. If we were to give up the monopoly we had

better do so at once, on the first day of the Session, with a good grace,

and not make ourselves appear to do it with reluctance. The Duke said we

must certainly consider it. Had I talked with the Chairs about it? I said

no. I had thought it best to wait till the Cabinet had come to a decision

as to what should be done. I had privately advised them to turn over in

their minds the plan of the Company going on with the Government slightly

varied, but without monopoly.

The Duke said he could not make up his mind without hearing first what the

Chairs had to say. I observed that if they, that is Astell, thought the

Government hesitated, they would certainly say they could not go on without

monopoly. However, the Duke seemed to think it was impossible for the

question to come before the Cabinet before we had talked with the Chairs.

So I have asked him and Loch to meet at the Treasury at twelve on Monday.

I should like to see Tucker and Stuart, but I must do it privately, as I

have no principle to go upon in consulting with individual Directors.

The Duke seems very reluctant to give up the monopoly, and to have very

exaggerated ideas of the value of the Company's intervention.

He showed me a letter he had received from Molé, in which he takes a very

moderate view of the Belgian question. Expresses the most earnest desire

for peace, as war would place everywhere the two extreme principles in

conflict. France will not interfere, neither can she suffer others to

interfere, in the internal affairs of the Netherlands. He hopes to be able

to arrange everything amicably.

A letter the Duke showed me from Rothschild's brother is still more

satisfactory if the view taken in it be correct. He says France will, _with

England and the Allies_, amicably settle the question; but she will not

have to be excluded.

He mentions Leopold as a probable King of Belgium.

The Court of Turin [Footnote: The first French Republic had made a similar

non-recognition a plea for seizing Savoy.] seems to be in a great fright

because the French Government took huff at their not recognizing at once.

They were afraid to do so till they heard what the great Powers did.

M. de la Tour says they can bring 60,000 or 90,000 men into the field, if

Genoa is guarded for them by a fleet; but Genoa would require 14,000 men.

On that place they must retreat.

The Spaniards seem to be going on well. They mean not to be _empressés_

with their recognition, but are advised not to be the last.

There have been insurrections at Hanau, Swerin, and I know not where else.

The Diet intend to vary the law of the Empire and to allow any neighbour,

whose assistance may be asked, to give it at once.

The Emperor of Russia received General Athalia very graciously, but he

keeps him waiting for his answer. Lieven professes himself well satisfied

with our reasons for immediate recognition. So does Metternich. In fact

they cannot do without us, and if we lead they must follow.

_October 5._

Cabinet. Goulburn's Civil List. He transfers to the Consolidated Fund all

the salaries heretofore partly paid by the Civil List, and in diplomacy

there is a reduction of 28,000£ a year.

It is supposed there can be no reduction in the great departments in the

article of tradesmen's bills, or in the Board of Works.

The King gives up the Droits [Footnote: 'Droits of Admiralty.'] without any

compensation. This is all a loss to the privy purse.

It seems possible to reduce perspectively many officers in England and in

Ireland who do not really contribute to the state of the crown. This,

however, did not occur to Goulburn but to Peel.

The account of Liege is very bad indeed. Things there seem going on in the

style of the French Revolution.

Nothing can be better than the account from France. They will be pleased by

the letter read to them. All they feared was the attempt to exclude them

from all concert in the settlement of Belgium. They think neither the King

nor Prince Frederick can return to Brussels; but the Prince of Orange may,

and this will, I think, be finally settled.

_October 6._

Council at 2. Talleyrand was presented. He backed to the window and read a

speech in which there were several erasures. He declared the determination

of France to pursue the course so wisely followed by England of non-

interference. He spoke of himself as 'Ministre d'une Royaute votée à

l'unanimité.'

The King did not much like receiving him, and was a little nervous. To what

Talleyrand said about noninterference the King answered it was a very good

thing, especially when exercised _de bonne foi_. This he said by Aberdeen's

advice.

I read the King of the Netherlands' letter. He asks distinctly for

_military assistance_.

Cabinet dinner at the Duke's. The Prince of Orange is gone to Antwerp. This

the Duke thinks the very worst step that could have been taken; the only

mistake the King has made. In fact the King was unwilling, and ever since

the affair of Brussels there has been a coolness between the King and the

Prince. The Duke fears the consequences of the Prince's going, because he

is a man devoted to popularity-vain. The Duke and Talleyrand were talking

about popularity. The Duke said those who loved it never loved it with

moderation. Talleyrand said, 'Il n'y a jamais de modération, où il n'y a

pas de _goût_--et il n'y a pas de gout dans l'amour de la popularité!' The

Duke asked Talleyrand what sort of a man the Duke of Orleans was. 'Un

Prince de l'Ecole normale.' Of the Queen he said, 'Elle est bonne femme, et

surtout grande dame--c'est ce qu'il nous faut.'

Talleyrand said he had given the King a piece of advice, '_to go to

Neuilly_'--that is, to rescue himself from the vagabond cortége.

Talleyrand is very well pleased with the letter sent to Paris, and the

foreign Ministers are satisfied.

The King (our King) seemed to me to be very weary to-day. Aberdeen said he

was a good deal distressed at the state of Europe, and rather anxious.

Lord and Lady Holland and Rothschild appear to be the only people besides

the Ministers who have called on Talleyrand. Lord Holland is very much with

him. Lord Holland is doing all he can to save the lives of the French

Ministers--for the interest of the French Government, not of the Ministers

themselves. He has written to La Fayette and to the King.

_October 7._

I forgot on what authority it was mentioned yesterday, but it was mentioned

as a fact that the Liberaux would not have done anything unless they had

been certain of the Duke of Orleans. So afraid were they of a revolution

that they would have submitted to the Ordonnances rather than run the risk

of it.

_October 9._

At Canterbury heard more particulars of the machine-breaking now going on

in the neighbourhood. Notice is given, and the frames are broken. One

gentleman boasted at market they should not break his, as he had armed men

to protect them. They on the same night set fire to his rickyard. Sir Henry

Oxenden's sons went out to meet them, when they came according to notice to

break Sir Henry's machines. One man spoke for the rest. He acknowledged Sir

Henry seldom or ever used his machine, and that he was the landlord in Kent

who gave most to the poor; but they must do as they were ordered; they

would, however, do as little as they could, and they only sawed off a

shaft.

The farmers now leave their thrashing machines out in the fields to be

broken.

The rickyard of one gentleman was set on fire because he committed a man

for machine-breaking. He lost 6,000£, nothing being insured.

It seems suspicions are entertained that the machine-breakers are not all

of the station they assume. They all wear smock frocks, but their language

is better than their dress. When money was offered them, if they wanted it,

by the Oxendens, they said they did not want money, they obeyed orders.

It is reported, but this must be an exaggeration, that 500 assembled lately

on a Down near Mr. Brockman's.

The magistrates have no good evidence against any. Some Bow Street officers

are here. Lord Winchelsea and Sir Edward Knatchbull have been here at every

meeting of the magistrates, although they live eighteen miles off.

The Provisional Government of Belgium have declared the independence of the

country and the defeazance of the House of Orange. In the meantime the

Prince of Orange is arrived at Antwerp, as Viceroy, with a Belgian Etat

Major Civil.

It seems probable the Chamber of Deputies will abolish the punishment of

death for political offences, and so save Polignac.

The levy of 108,000 men will hardly make the French army 240,000 effective,

for it was not full before the Revolution, and numbers have deserted;

besides the disbandment of the Guards, which was 25,000 men.

_October 11._

Cabinet. Aberdeen read Lord Stuart's account of his interview with Molé.

Molé suggests an immediate conference, and thinks the Prince of Orange may

be made Sovereign of La Belgique. No communication will be held by the

French Government with the Provisional Government of Belgium. They will

communicate through the King.

It is proposed to have the Conference here. The Ministers of Austria,

Prussia, and Russia have expressed their readiness to acquiesce in anything

proposed by this country. They may inveigh against the diplomacy of

England, but in moments of danger all rally under our wing.

Molé distinctly admitted that the existence of the present Government of

France depended on its remaining on good terms with England and Prussia,

and the affairs of Belgium gave them an opportunity of showing _la droiture

de leurs principes_, &c.--in short, of gaining a good character.

It was decided against guaranteeing the sum of 500,000£ the Dutch wish to

raise here. There would be no end to such loans if we once began to assist

the credit of foreign States. Parliament would not approve of the measure.

To the Dutch Government it is important that this Administration should

remain, and likewise that their own credit should not be injured in all

Europe by the confession of weakness which their recourse to us implies.

To guarantee a loan is to give money, and to do that is to assist one of

the parties to lose the mediatory character, and, in fact, put ourselves

out of the Congress.

Hardinge can reduce 57,000£ a year in net and on the Civil List, 30,000£ on

the Pension List, and 27,000£ on officers of State.

We had some talk about details, but Goulburn does not reduce as much as

Hardinge.

Had some talk with the Duke and Peel respecting the fires in Kent, and the

breaking of frames. Five are in prison. The Duke thinks smugglers are at

the bottom of it.

There has been alarm at Carlisle. The officers in command of the castle

apprehended an attempt to surprise it and seize the arms. Men had been seen

measuring the wall. Sir J. Graham was alarmed about it. Orders will be

given to provision for thirty days all the places where arms are kept, the

town included, where there are 600,000 stand of arms. In the meantime all

classes are more comfortable in this country than they ever were, and this

alone keeps down insurrection. There are leaders but no troops.

Hardinge reports that the spirit in Ireland is _disimproved_ since the

events in Belgium.

There is to be an Anti-Union Society, which, as soon as it meets, will be

put down under the Act.

_October 12._

At nine went to Apsley House. Met the Chairs. We went in to the Duke. Our

conversation lasted two hours. As they are to send in a _procès verbal_, it

is unnecessary for me to state it. The substance was that, supposing the

monopoly to be taken away, they would administer the Government of India as

heretofore on one of two conditions; either closing their account with the

public and receiving payment in full, or an equivalent annuity for all

their property in India, in which case they would require no guarantee of

the present dividend; or making over all their property, and taking a

perpetual guarantee of the dividend.

The public to make good in either case all deficiency of Indian revenue,

and in either case the Company to be the agents for the territory,

providing all necessary sums here and receiving repayment at a rate of

exchange to be paid from time to time fairly.

The Chairs were given to understand that the public being liable to the

making good of Indian deficiency, we should require a strict control over

the whole expenditure _here_, as well as in India.

They show, especially Campbell, a disposition to leave off trading and

become gentlemen. They were told by the Duke that if they did so we must be

at liberty to revise our arrangement with them. We might as well go to the

Bank as to them, if we were to treat with a body not commercial.

The Duke seems much pleased with his foreign prospects.

M. de Choiseul was waiting to see him. I suppose on the affair of Holyrood

House.

It seems probable that the French will abolish the punishment of death, and

so save Polignac.

_October 14._

Found at the office several papers giving accounts of Radical meetings in

Lancashire. All the old Radicals are reappearing on the scene. They do not

as yet seem to be attended by any numerous assemblies, never above 200 or

300.

A letter from a clergyman at Wrotham speaks of burnings near that place,

and of the bad conduct of the people who interfere with the working of the

engines, and seem to rejoice in the destruction.

Read all the papers relating to the education of the Princess Victoria, who

seems to have been admirably brought up.

At the Cabinet room read a long and excellent letter of Hardinge's

respecting the state of Ireland.

The 87th Regiment at Newry, when paraded for church, refused to march

without music, to which it had been accustomed in the south. It had been

discontinued in the north to avoid displeasing the Orangemen.

The captain sent for the Lieutenant-Colonel Blair, who was at first

disobeyed, but he placed a drum to have a drum-head court martial, and then

they marched. The Duke says it is, and always has been, the worst regiment

in the service. It ran away at Salamanca and exposed him to being taken

prisoner. It has always been unmilitary, and from the same cause, a

disposition to seek popularity on the part of its officers. Hardinge

proposes embarking it at once for the West Indies. The Duke prefers

bringing it to Dublin, where there are other regiments to keep it in order,

and soon sending it to England, and by detachments at no distant period to

Botany Bay. They do not expect there will be any further exhibition of

mutinous spirit. The only mischief of this is the effect at this time.

There have been apprehensions of an attempt to scale the Pigeon House, and

a full garrison has been ordered into it, with directions to add to its

defences on the seaside so as to protect it from escalade.

Hardinge can bring twenty guns together in a very short time, at any point

in Dublin. He talks of arming the students in Trinity College in the event

of an explosion.

They rather expect an explosion about the 18th or 19th, when probably there

will be the first meeting of the new Association.

This it will be the first object to put down by the Act of 1829. The

meeting to petition for the repeal of the Union will be permitted.

Hardinge is quite himself on horseback. The only fear is that he should be

too lively. Peel seems to think he is; but it is a great comfort to have

him there instead of Lord Francis Leveson, who was always wrong.

The King of the Netherlands has called his States at the Hague, the

Constitution requiring them to meet this year in Belgium. He takes

advantage of the provision in the Constitution which permits him to call

the States in Holland in case of war. They fear the loss of Antwerp. The

Prince of Orange thinks things look better.

The Netherland Ambassador is much annoyed at the refusal of pecuniary

assistance; but, as was expected, the Dutch have got their money, only

paying a little more for it.

Our depots are only 160 strong. We have hardly a battalion. One or two at

least of those which were going abroad will be retained for a time.

The Duke of Brunswick does not much like abdicating. The Duke of Wellington

thought he had brought him to make his brother Governor-General for his

life, retaining the succession for his children. However, Aberdeen seems to

have blundered him back again. He is to go to see the King on Saturday. The

King desired he might come early, that he might not be obliged to have him

to dinner, and he desired Aberdeen would remain in the room.

Pozzo thinks the French Government is gaining strength; but they are very

inefficient in preventing armed men from assembling on the frontiers of

Spain.

The French have exercised such coldness towards the Belgians that they are

become unpopular. De Potter was French while he had hopes of becoming so.

Now he is a Republican.

The Austrians will send troops into the Sardinian dominions if there is any

insurrection. [Footnote: They had similarly interfered to put down the

Constitutional movement in Piedmont which followed on the Neapolitan

revolution of 1821.] This by invitation.

The Queen of Spain has, it is said, a son. [Footnote: It was a daughter,

afterwards Queen Isabella II., born October 10, 1830. The alteration of the

succession in favour of the female line led to a civil war on Ferdinand

VII.'s death. A son might have secured peace, but probably without a

Constitution.] This event would, it is thought, secure Spain against any

revolutionary movement.

_October 15._

Called on the Duke. Settled with him the alterations necessary in the

Chairs' memorandum of the conversation on the 12th. He thought we had gone

too far in leading them to expect they should be repaid the money they had

sunk in the territory while they held the Government.

Received from him the opium letter. He thinks the principle good, but

considers it is not fair to make the Scindians prevent the transit of

opium. We cannot prevent them, for they are independent; but unless we

endeavour to persuade them, and succeed in doing so, we shall lose our

opium revenue.

_October 16._

Chairs at 11. Head over with them my alterations of their protocol. Astell

did not seem to see the greatness of the variations. Campbell did, and

particularly observed upon the words, 'value of the fixed property in India

which might be adjudged to appertain to the Company in their commercial

capacity.' He wanted an admission of the justice of the claims, leaving

nothing for adjustment but their amount. I said we could not admit claims

without examination, the nature of which we did not yet know. All we could

admit was that the claims were such as should be submitted to examination,

and their validity decided upon just principles.

Astell wished to go back again and recommence the discussion. I said he

knew I could decide nothing without the Cabinet, and he nothing without the

Court; all he had to do now was to bring the subject before them.

He asked whether they were distinctly to understand that the Cabinet had

decided upon the termination of the monopoly? I said that the question not

having yet been before the Cabinet I could not give an answer officially;

but when the First Lord of the Treasury and the President of the Board of

Control desired to know what the course of the Court would be in the event

of its being proposed that the Court should administer the Government

without monopoly, I thought it was not difficult to draw an inference.

_October 19._

Sent to the Duke a memorandum on his letter. Read at the Cabinet room. The

King of the Netherlands is much annoyed at the desertion, as he thinks it,

of his allies. He now proposes a Congress of the Four Powers and _France_

at Breda or Cleves. He admits France very unwillingly, and by no means

acquiesces in the reasoning in favour of the advance we made.

Sir Ch. Bagot seems to think the Prince of Orange will be losing the

affection of the Dutch without gaining the Belgians.

The German Confederation is arming in the neighbourhood of Hanau for the

preservation of the peace. They have put 6,000 or 7,000 men in motion, and

have a reserve of 15,000 or 18,000.

The excitement against Polignac and Peyronnet increases, and the Ministers

run the hazard of their places by attempting to save them. I fear that is

hopeless. The Spanish Radicals seem to find it would be dangerous to pass

the frontier.

_October 20._

Office. Cabinet room. The Prince of Orange has written a most offensive

letter to the King of the French, almost insinuating that the troubles in

Belgium are fomented by France, and saying that by a declaration against

the Belgians France would show her good faith, and secure the recognition

of Russia. The French Cabinet is much offended at the silence of the King

of the Netherlands, and Count Molé is going to write to the Dutch Minister

upon the subject.

Nesselrode seems to see great difficulties in the intervention of France in

the settlement of Belgium--the union of Belgium and Holland having been

made _against_ France. The Russian Minister at the Hague has general

directions to follow the course of England upon all points not provided for

by his instructions.

There is a great fall in the Funds to-day; partly, it is said, in

consequence of those who desired to keep up the Funds being no longer able

to do so; partly from the general aspect of affairs. My surprise is that

the Funds have not fallen before, and much more.

Cabinet dinner at the Duke's. Showed the protocol of our Conference with

the Chairs. The heads of the speech were read. Aberdeen's will not do at

all. To my surprise he intended to announce the recognition of Miguel, he

having engaged to do a great act of justice; that is, to publish the

amnesty. He will not do it till a British Minister arrives at Lisbon; that

is, he makes us, whom he has once deceived, dependent upon his word. This

would be a very incautious step on our part. We meet on Friday to consider

the speech in detail.

We had a good deal of conversation about the Duchess of Kent's allowance,

which is to be much increased. It is proposed to give her 20,000£ a year.

She has now 12,000£ for herself and the Princess, out of which she pays

interest and insurance upon 12,000£ she borrowed on the Duke of Kent's

death for her outfit.

The King has about thirty people at dinner every day, belonging to the

Household. His expense must be enormous in living.

_October 21._

Read in the newspaper the King of the Netherlands' speech. It is querulous

and angry. I really thought the Proclamation _extraordinary_ of the Prince

of Orange a forgery; but it is genuine, and he throws off all connection

with Holland, declaring the independence of Belgium, and placing himself

practically at the head of the Rebellion!

On Monday night at a dance at the Lodge, Hardinge saw accidentally in an

evening newspaper, shown to him for another purpose, the advertisement of

the Anti-Union Association, and by seven o'clock the next morning the Lord

Lieutenant's Proclamation prohibiting it was placarded in the streets. This

is decision. There was no riot. Persons in general were satisfied the act

was right. O'Connell is alarmed. The Duke of Leinster is ready to sign a

declaration in favour of the Union. All is safe in Ireland with Hardinge's

promptitude. I wish he could remain and not come over to Parliament.

_October 22._

Saw Campbell, who was very nervous and anxious, and I at night wrote a

letter to Lord Hill in favour of his son--more, I admit, from a father's

feelings than from a conviction of being right.

It seems the Lord Lieutenant not having been near Dublin when the

Proclamation was issued by Hardinge, he must have had a blank Proclamation

in his pocket, and have issued it without the opinion of the law officers.

He has good debatable Parliamentary grounds of defence; but he has trodden

upon the margin of the law. Not the worse for that in these times, when it

is most important that every one should see the Government are vigilant and

determined.

Valdez, who entered Spain with a few hundred men, has been smashed at once.

At the Cabinet we had a long discussion respecting the Regency question.

Aberdeen started the objection that the proposed measure was destructive of

the principle that the King could not die. On the other hand it was

contended that we maintained that principle. We made a Regent for _a King_.

We acknowledged _a King_; but we deferred taking the oath of allegiance

till we knew who he was. The difficulties attending the _unkinging_ of a

Sovereign on the birth of a Prince nearer to the present King seem greater

than any attending the measure proposed. It was ultimately determined that

the Chancellor should consult the judges and the law officers.

_October 23._

Cabinet. Twenty-six magistrates at Canterbury sentenced to three days'

imprisonment threshing machine breakers, who pleaded guilty! Such has been

the terror struck into them! Sir E. Knatchbull was in the chair.

We went through the speech--not deciding absolutely upon the words; but

generally upon the substance.

Then arose a conversation as to the Regency which, in this last hour, is

thought a point of importance. The Chancellor seems alarmed and unwilling

to move the suspension of the rights of the presumptive heir until the non-

existence of an heir apparent be ascertained, without the opinion of the

judges. It is admitted there is no written opinion to guide us. The analogy

of property is in favour of the heir presumptive; that of peerage in favour

of the heir apparent _in utero_.

_October 24._

Cabinet at 4. Read two letters from Hardinge. By his account all the men of

property will support the Government and the Union.

The press is coming round--_bought_. A Mr. Conway, an able writer, is

furious against O'Connell, and, upon the whole, the Press is on our side.

Hardinge dilates with delight upon his military preparations and plans of

defence, and seemingly will be disappointed if he cannot put them into

execution.

The Belgian Ministers resigned after the Prince of Orange's Proclamation.

He is left without advisers. He has endeavoured to get Sir Charles Bagot to

join him, and Grasioff. He sends for Cartwright. He seems much embarrassed.

In fact he is in heart a Belgian, and would sacrifice everything to be King

of Belgium. He never knew the Dutch, and not unnaturally likes the Belgians

better. They are indignant at his conduct in Holland, and with reason. He

seems to intend to rule the Dutch by means of the Belgians. This he cannot

do.

The Duke of Wellington always thought him a silly fellow.

The Provisional Government is going to send some mission here.

We had a long talk about the Regency. Really it does us little credit to

begin now, within ten days of the meeting of Parliament, to consider that

question seriously.

The Chief Justices will be asked whether, supposing the Queen to be

pregnant at the death of the King, the next living heir would succeed? How

in the event of the birth of a child the _de facto_ Sovereign is to be put

aside? And what should be done if the Queen only may be with child? The

difficulty consists in the oath of allegiance, which must be altered and

made conditional. But what a curious position the Queen Victoria would be

placed in, if a baby were to oust her after eight months of reign!

I think the course adopted will be this--to make an oath of allegiance

conditional, saving the rights of a child to be born; to appoint the Regent

who would be named for the Princess Victoria, with the provision that on

the birth of a child the child's mother shall be Regent.

_October 25._

Cabinet at 4. Peel read letters he had received from Mr. Foster, the

magistrate of Manchester, Mr. Hulton, of Hulton, and a manufacturer whose

name I forget. They all give an alarming account of the state of

Manchester. The colliers have turned out in some districts, and where they

have turned out the mills are necessarily stopped. This has thrown numbers

out of employment. These colliers can earn 10_s_. a day; that is, as much

as many clergymen. The spinners can earn 5_s_. a day. Yet they turn out.

This seems to be a manoeuvre like that of Lafitte when he refused to

discount bills. To stop the supply of coal is to throw all mills out of

work, and every one out of employment. The question is, Shall the masters

resist? If they do, there will be an early collision. If they do not, they

may defer it, but not long. Concession was counselled six weeks ago, on the

ground that, after the events in Belgium and in France, collision was

dangerous; and this even by bold men. It seems there are 3,000 infantry, 3

guns, and about 600 or 800 cavalry near Manchester. Perhaps some howitzers

may be sent, but more force there is not. Peel at the Cabinet wrote a

letter to Mr. Taylor, saying that under ordinary circumstances he should

have counselled resistance or rather non-concession; but now it was a

doubtful question whether a collision at Manchester would not lead to

collision in many other places, and was our force sufficient? He was

desired to see Mr. Hulton, Sir E. Bouverie, and others, and to consider

what could be done, particularly whether Volunteer Corps could be formed.

The delegates who went to Mr. Chappell seem to be amenable to the law and

get-at-able. This will be done.

The law officers came in and were asked as to the power of the Crown to

permit the formation of Volunteer Corps. They were desired to consider the

point. By the Act of 1794 there seems to be no doubt about it.

Hardinge is arrived. He has been calling out O'Connell. I am sorry for it,

for O'Connell had declared he would not fight. O'Connell had called him the

Duke's aide-de-camp. So far it does good, that it lowers O'Connell still

more, and destroys the value of anything he might say against Hardinge.

_October 26._

Called on Hardinge. He says the accounts from Manchester to-day are worse.

In the House Lord Hill showed me a letter (from Sir E. Bouverie, I think),

giving a very alarming account--30,000 out of work, and apprehension of

early collision.

Parliament opened. Took the oaths. Office. Lord Dalhousie was so ill on

June 4 that I have no idea of his being now Commander-in-Chief in India.

Received a summons to a Cabinet at four _precisely_, and went to the

Foreign Office; but nobody came. I think it must have been summoned to meet

at Peel's house. The times are so critical that I should be sorry to lose a

Cabinet. I could not find out that any summonses had been sent from the

Foreign Office. There was a crowd of people in Downing Street, who had, I

dare say, followed the Duke from the House of Lords. There were a good many

about the House. All quite quiet.

_October 27._

_Levée_ at two. Addresses from the Church of Scotland, and the Lord Mayor

and Corporation of Dublin. Dr. Chalmers was with the Church of Scotland.

The Recorder of Dublin, Mr. Shaw, who is member for Dublin, made a speech

before he read the address--a thing quite unprecedented, and which might be

very inconvenient. The speech itself was innocent. The _levée_ by no means

full.

Peel had an audience of the King, and in half an hour the King slept twenty

minutes. He says he never knew any man so much altered in three months. His

somnolency increases. He slept during an interview with Aberdeen yesterday.

When the Duke saw him he was alive enough.

Cabinet. Prince at the Chancellor's. Some conversation respecting the

burnings in Kent. Peel thinks they were effected by a chemical process, by

some substance deposited hours before, and igniting when the perpetrators

are far off. The persons who met Lord Winchilsea expressed detestation of

the burnings, and went away to break threshing machines, but a man who

committed persons for breaking threshing machines had his ricks burnt;

another suffered the same thing who defended his threshing machines. I

believe the two offences to be committed by the same persons. The

magistrates are supine and terror-struck; but they have no police, no

military. Sir E. Knatchbull doubts whether they would arm as yeomen. Peel

does not seem to me to view with sufficient alarm the effect these burnings

will produce upon men's minds, and the example of impunity. Nothing was

said about Manchester. All seemed to think less seriously of our dangers

than they did some days back.

The law officers mean to give in their report on the case put to them to-

morrow. They will say it is not provided for. The Chancellor has the judges

at dinner on Friday, and he will then obtain theirs.

_October 28._

Captain Harvey of the 4th Dragoons called by the King's desire to say the

King of Persia told him when he was at Teheran that he was hurt at not

receiving a letter from the King. I told Captain Harvey the King had

announced his accession to the Shah of Persia as he had to other

sovereigns. Captain Harvey was interpreter to his regiment. It seemed to me

that he rather wished to command the Persian troops. He is brother to the

tutor to Prince George of Cambridge. He is a very gentlemanlike man.

The French insist on having the conferences respecting the settlement of

Belgium at Paris, if there are to be any regular conferences. They cannot

permit Talleyrand to act for them. The French would be jealous of him, &c.

We had wished to have the conferences here for the very reason that we

thought Talleyrand would do his utmost to have the credit of preserving

peace. I see there will be no Congress. The French think that, if they

stand still, the fruit will fall into their mouths. The folly of the Prince

of Orange will ruin his party in Belgium. The ambition of the Belgians will

induce them to attempt to form a separate State, which after much disorder

will be found impracticable; and as they will not become Dutch, they _will_

become French. Then we shall have a war, and present forbearance only

postpones it. All the Volunteers who are acting in Belgium are French. All

the forces in the field are commanded by Frenchmen. French money is

employed. The French are really now carrying on the war covertly.

Russia is paralysed by the devastating progress of the cholera morbus which

has reached Moscow. The Emperor is gone to Moscow to establish order and

obedience, for the civil and military authorities are quarrelling, and the

troops are unwilling to form the cordon. All cordons I believe to be

fruitless. It would be as wise to form a cordon against the wind. The

disease advances, however, along the high roads and navigable rivers. It is

the most extraordinary plague we have had.

Prussia cannot act for fear of disorders at home, and Austria is literally

the only power to which war is possible. The French dare not go to war for

fear of a Republic.

It seems the French Ministry will be partially changed, the Due de Broglie

and Guizot going out. The Due de Broglie seems to be a pedantic coxcomb.

I pity the King of the Netherlands, who is a good man. To be hated by two-

thirds of his subjects, betrayed by his foolish son, and abandoned as he

thinks by his allies, must be great trials to him; while, although the

Dutch adore him and really love him, they will not give him money, and I

have a little doubt whether they will fight much. Probably, however, the

fear of pillage will make them do that for themselves.

Read a very well-written pamphlet in reply to Brougham's two. I suspect the

writer is Philpotts. It is too powerful for an ordinary man, and far beyond

Croker. Neither is it in his style. Brougham has made Ridgway put forth a

letter stating that he never communicated upon the subject of the pamphlet

with Brougham--which is no denial that it is Brougham's.

It is a good and useful pamphlet, and will teach the Whigs good manners by

showing them they cannot commit aggression with impunity. There is no part

much better done than that in which the falsehood and absurdity are shown

of what was said in the Brougham pamphlets respecting me. To be sure my

champion had a good case. What was said about me rather leads me to think

Lord Durham or T. Moore had a hand in it.

_October 29._

The letters from Manchester recommend resistance on the part of the

masters--that is, non-concession. This will put the colliers to the

necessity of adopting _force_, and in the defence of property we should

commence the contest, which can only be deferred, with great advantage. Mr.

Foster thinks the views of the Union have been shaken by the increase of

force near Manchester; and that, although there might be much disturbance,

the event would not be doubtful. One committee of the Union has proposed

acquiescence in the masters' terms.

The accounts from Kent are bad. Peel has offered to send down a magistrate

and police officers, and to go to any expense.

He was to receive Mr. Hammond, Plumptree, Lord Camden, and others to-day.

Poor Lord Camden, in the meantime, has the lumbago.

_October 30._

Cabinet. A very bad account of Manchester. No means of raising Volunteer

corps. Little hope of uniting the masters. The operatives triumphant. No

disposition, however, on their part to come to blows, and a confidence on

the part of the magistrates that a fight would be in their favour; but then

they must have _troops_, keep all they have, and get more if possible.

Mr. Taylor recommends that constables should have the power of arresting

_picketers_ without warrant.

Went through the speech. It will do very well now.

Spoke to the Duke about Indian finance, and told him the result. He wished

to see all the papers, which were not yet quite ready. In the meantime

nothing is to be done, and we are to appoint the Committee.

The Attorney and Solicitor-General deprecate the prosecution of a libel

transmitted for their opinion, and say they think it unadvisable to

prosecute without the sanction of Parliament! What this means I do not

know, unless it means that they are cowed.

There is an infamous article in the _Times_ to-day, against the conduct of

the farmers and country gentlemen, and there are worse in the _Morning

Chronicle_.

Had some conversation after dinner at St. James's with Frankland Lewis. He

longs for the Grants. I told him it would not do, and what sort of a man

Charles Grant was. Frankland Lewis does not seem to like his office, but he

says he shall bring it into order if he remains there, and make it a Privy

Councillor's office without drudgery. He and, indeed, all seem to wish they

were better and more boldly led in the House of Commons. All we want is

that.

_October 31._

Cabinet. On Monday the 25th the Prince of Orange left Antwerp. He embarked,

and intended to go to see his father, and then to come to England! On the

26th General Mellinot marched in and went on to Breda, with 5,000 men. On

the 27th (there having been a parley on the 26th), the populace attempted

to seize the arsenal. The citadel fired. The, town was on fire when Mr.

Cartwright came away, and is nearly destroyed.

At Maidstone two or three ringleaders were seized very gallantly by the

magistrates, and carried off to the gaol by the cavalry at a canter.

However, there are but thirty-four troopers there. So four troops have been

sent from Windsor, a depot from some other place, and two guns from

Woolwich. All this was rendered necessary by an intended meeting on

Penenden Heath to-morrow. March, the Solicitor of the Treasury, is gone

down.

There was much conversation about the state of the Press, and a resolution

taken to prosecute, notwithstanding the unwillingness of the law officers.

Scarlet appears to be quite cowed by opposition and the Press.

This Press may be bought, but we have no money. Five-sixths of the Foreign

Secret Service money are preoccupied by permanent old charges--the Secret

Service money of the Treasury is preoccupied in the same way.

There is a small sum of droits which may be turned over to the Privy Purse,

and then by the King to the Government, but it is not more than 3,000£. It

is thought that perhaps some of the pensions on the Secret Service money of

the Treasury may be turned over to the Foreign Office. The Treasury money

is the only money applicable to the purchase of newspapers.

We twaddled a great deal over the speech. It was proposed by Peel to insert

a paragraph referring to the disturbed state of the country. He will write

it, and we shall consider it in a Cabinet at St. James's to-morrow at one,

before the Council.

Lord Bathurst is more alarmed than any one; but Peel is a good deal alarmed

too.

There is _danger_, for there are many to attack and few ready to risk

anything in defence. It was otherwise in 1793.

The Duke thinks that with every disposition to do mischief there is no

conspiracy, or we should have heard of it.

_November 1._

Cabinet at St. James's at one. The Lord-Lieutenant has prohibited, by

Proclamation, the meeting of the Volunteer Society. Very properly and

consistently. It was a much more dangerous society than the other. He is a

firm man, not to be turned from the course he thinks right.

O'Connell has not been spoken to in the clubs he has entered. At Brookes's

they turned their backs upon him.

There was no meeting at Maidstone. Probably they had intimation of the

movements of troops. Lord Beresford told me there were 3,000 artillerymen

at Woolwich, enough to serve guns for an army.

Went through the speech again. Aberdeen is the most obstinate man I ever

saw, about the mere _words_ of his part of the speech. We lost half an hour

at least in talking about words to-day. Peel read his concluding sentence,

which is very good. He laments the outrages, and the attempt to disturb the

concord between portions of the empire whose union is essential to their

mutual strength and happiness, declares the King's determination to exert

the powers confided to him by the Law and the Constitution for the

punishment of sedition, and ends by expressing a firm reliance on the

loyalty of the great body of the people.

As far as I could judge by the King's countenance when the speech was read,

he acquiesced, and thought it right, but was pained at being obliged to

hold such language.

I had prepared a paragraph to be used in case it had been thought right to

say anything about India. For my own part I thought it better not. We could

not produce a measure this year, and it would hardly be fair by the Court

to declare to Parliament that we thought the monopoly must be put an end to

without having previously acquainted them with our determination. The Duke

said he had seen nothing yet to satisfy him that the revenues of India

could meet the expenditure without the China trade. I think his reluctance

increases to put an end to the present system. My disposition to terminate

the existence of the Company increases the more I see of them.

_November 2_

House at five. Lord Bute made a very long, heavy speech. Lord Monson a very

little one, not bad. The stuff would do; but he has neither stature nor

voice.

We then had Lord Winchilsea, Lord Camden, Duke of Leinster, and Lord

Farnham. Lord Winchilsea right in tone, but desiring inquiry into

agricultural distress. This, too, was the burden of a mouthy speech made by

the Duke of Richmond, whom I had nearly forgotten. Lord Farnham spoke, as

he always does, well. He deprecated the dissolution of the Union, but

desired relief for Ireland. This, too, was desired by the Duke of Leinster,

who spoke very firmly, as all did, against agitators.

Lord Grey said it was a moment of great _danger_ and _importance_.

Fortitude, caution, and wisdom were required. He spoke strongly against the

dissolution of the Union, and against the disturbers of the public peace

everywhere. He used the words of the speech, _grief_ and _indignation_. He

joined in the determination to put down sedition by law. Rejoiced no new

laws were asked for. Approved of the prompt recognition of King Louis

Philippe; lamented the _necessity_ of the French Revolution. Said 'all

Revolutions were in themselves evils,' although they might produce eventual

good. Expressed his hope, for the honour of France and for the interests of

Liberty, that they would not sully a Revolution hitherto unstained by a

single act of vengeance. This part of his speech was very well worded and

spoken. He objected to the terms in which the passage respecting the

Netherlands was worded, as seeming to cast all the blame upon the Belgians,

and so to make our mediation less effectual. He likewise objected to the

making the Portuguese Amnesty a seeming condition of the recognition of

Miguel. Of the recognition itself he did not complain, as he had so long

been King _de facto_. These objections were fair.

Lord Farnham having suggested the necessity of preparing for war, Lord Grey

said the preparation should be by gaining the hearts of our own people--and

he advocated, but very temperately, Reform. He did not, however, allow that

there was any abstract right to a particular mode of constituting a

Legislature. The right of the people was to a _good Government_, and to

whatever form of Legislative Assembly might seem best to secure that

Government.

His speech was good, and temperate, as well as firm. The Duke of Wellington

followed him. He declared his intention to oppose Reform. He said we were

not bound to interfere for the maintenance of the Amnesty further than by

advice and remonstrance, not by war.

I should mention that Lord Grey seemed pleased by the abandonment of the

droits. He was not very well, and at times was almost unable to proceed.

Upon the whole the tone of the debate was very good, and will do good.

_November 3._

Office at eleven to see Col. Houston.

Upon the whole the debate in the Commons was satisfactory. Peel was very

much cheered. O'Connell spoke well, and was heard in perfect silence.

Brougham made an ordinary speech; theme a bad one, violent.

There was much row in the streets yesterday; but all occasioned by attacks

upon the police, and attempts to rescue pickpockets. The Guards were called

out rather hastily. Colonel Rowan who commands the police has begged they

may be left to themselves. They are quite strong enough.

Cabinet dinner at Lord Rosslyn's. No House of Commons people there. The

Prince of Orange is come. He has written to the King, and is to see him to-

morrow. It seems there are 7,500 men in the citadel of Antwerp, which can

only hold 2,000, and has provisions only for two months. The forts of Lillo

and Liefkenshoek are ill-garrisoned; so is Breda, and so is Bergen-op-zoom.

The Dutch have not 4,000 men in the field near Breda. The question is,

whether the evacuation of the citadel of Antwerp would not be advisable for

the purpose of getting out the 7,500 men. It seems that if Flushing be

held, the Scheld is of no use. The Conference respecting Belgian affairs

meets to-morrow, Talleyrand being sole representative of France. The first

object will be to establish an armistice.

After dinner we had some conversation respecting the debate in the Commons

of last night. Peel is disgusted at not being supported by the three

Cabinet Ministers present, who knew the whole subject which had been so

often discussed in Cabinet--yet not one of them rose to answer Brougham.

The Duke is very angry with them, and says he shall take an opportunity of

advising Peel in their presence never to rise till Brougham has spoken, let

others be abused as they may. If the three mutes will not speak, it is

clear they will not remain in very long.

I consider a debate to be a battle, in which the chief should be able to

put every man into the fight, as he would every battalion, with a view to

the ultimate object; he himself being the reserve.

_November 4._

It seems Sir G. Murray did speak last night, but he went further than he

intended on Reform, and so rather damaged our position as a Government.

Office. Saw Mr. Sullivan. He seems a sensible, liberal man. His evidence

would be a death-blow to the government of the Company. He says the cotton

of Coimbatore is carried to Tinnevelly and thence to Madras by country

boats, where it is taken up by the China ships. It might be sent directly

to the sea on the Malabar coast, the distance being 300 miles. There is no

obstruction to the cultivation. The country is under a Ryotwar settlement.

The unequal demand of the Company is very injurious. Their great demand at

some periods encourages cultivation and raises prices exorbitantly--the

next year there is no demand at all. They now purchase by contract. The

contracts are too large for the native merchants, and fall, as jobs, into

the hands of Europeans. Sufficient notice is not given of the contract. The

native merchants have from one lac to one and a half.

Great injury is sustained by the tobacco monopoly. The Company's officers

sell it as retailers. The Government is, as I always thought, practically

in the hands of the natives. They require European co-operation, but if

they combine against their European superior he can do nothing. House at

five. Lord Winchilsea made a violent tirade against the Administration,

without any motion before the House. The Duke made a few observations on

the point of order very quietly, and we rose.

_November 5._

St. James's at half-past one. The clergy of the Province of Canterbury were

there, with their address on the accession. They were not expected, and

there were no gentlemen pensioners. However, they delivered their address

to the King on the throne, and a very good address it was. Peel had to

write the answer in a hurry.

Recorder's report. One man left for execution for a street robbery

accompanied with violence.

The Recorder gave but a bad account of the disposition of the City. The

Chancellor seems a good deal alarmed, and so does Peel. Every precaution is

taken, but I cannot help fearing there is a conspiracy of which we know

nothing. Aberdeen suspects connection with France.

We are to inquire into the circumstances of the fires in Normandy, which

seem very much to resemble ours. We have had one near Godstone, and another

at Fair-lawn, in Kent; the sufferers unoffending persons. The object seems

to be to spread general terror. It is clear that they are effected by the

discharge of some chemical preparation, which ignites after a time. No

watching has any effect. Fires take place where no one has approached.

Goulburn told me he thought Sir G. Murray had said much more than he

intended, purely from want of habit of speaking; still he had done much

injury.

The new French Ministry is formed, and Lafitte is at its head. He pretends

to have the same views as the late Ministry; but it is impossible to

suppose the French can resist the offer of Belgium. We shall have no war if

we can preserve internal peace and the integrity of the Constitution.

_November 6._

A letter from Hardinge, who seems to think we stand ill, not for want of

numbers, but of speakers. Astell told me the Duke's declaration against

Reform had injured him in the City.

Saw Wortley, and had a long conversation with him respecting the state of

the Government. He thinks we cannot go on. The Duke's declaration against

Reform has made it impossible for any to join him, and upon the question of

Reform it is doubtful if we should have numbers enough.

We talked over possible Governments on the supposition that Lord Grey was

at the head, and that Peel remained in. In walking away I was overtaken in

Downing Street by Lord Graham, who had been waiting to speak to me on the

same subject. He seems to think our fall not so immediately necessary as

Wortley does. I then called on Hardinge, who had been with the Duke this

morning. Hardinge had candidly told the Duke that if he had a minority on

Reform, or a small majority, he would advise him to resign; and previously

to tell the King in what a situation he stood. If he had a good majority he

might perhaps get some to join; but if not, the position of the Government

would be as bad in February, or worse, than it was now. The Duke said he

thought things might do still. He had a number of young men who depended

upon him. He would take care to give the King timely notice. The King had

behaved very well to him. Indeed I know the Duke feels very strongly how

admirably and how kindly the King has behaved.

Lord Maryborough had been to Hardinge to express his fears for the Duke's

life, and the Duke has received many letters informing him there is a

conspiracy to assassinate him on Tuesday, as he goes to Guildhall.

Hardinge said every precaution should be taken, but he begged Lord

Maryborough not to tell the Duke his apprehensions. Hardinge, however, has

the same; and fears there may be an attempt that day to make London a scene

of barricades like Paris and Brussels. Troops will be disposed at intervals

in bodies of half battalions, with provisions, and there will be 1,000

cavalry. Two guns will be ready with the marines at the obelisk, and two in

the park. Hardinge observed to the Duke that he knew he had bolts inside to

the doors of the carnage, and added, 'I shall take pocket pistols!' The

Duke said, 'Oh! I shall have pistols in the carriage.' Hardinge asked the

Duke to take him, which he does. Arbuthnot goes with the Duke, too. I wish

I could manage to follow him in my carriage. I shall buy a brace of double-

barrelled pocket pistols on Monday. Hardinge showed me his.

The Duke has made himself very obnoxious by declaring his resolution to

oppose Reform, which in fact, however, he did not do in such terms as has

been said.

Hardinge told me there was a proposal to Palmerston and others in the

summer, and they at once started the difficulty of Reform, which put an end

to the negotiation. If I thought Reform would tranquillise the country I

should be quite satisfied with a change of Ministers which would produce

internal contentment, but that I do not expect.

I shall take care to have records in the office to show the line I was

prepared to take on the East Indian Monopoly, and the steps already taken.

I shall likewise leave a memorandum upon the alterations I propose in the

army.

_November 7, Sunday._

All the morning occupied with a letter on the Salt question. At half-past

two rode to the Cabinet robin. The Cabinet was to meet at three. We did

not, however, all assemble till four, the Duke having been with Peel at the

Home Office.

Before the Duke came we had all been talking of the Lord Mayor's Day, and

the manner in which we should go into the City and return, and the

precautions taken against riot.

The Duke and Peel came together, and it was evident from the first words

the Duke spoke that he and Peel had made up their minds to put off the

King's visit to the City. The Chancellor seemed almost to take fire at the

idea of this, but the Duke very quietly begged him to hear the letters

before he decided. The Duke then read various letters he had received, all

warning him against going, as there was a plot to assassinate him, and

raise a tumult. One of them was from Pearson, a Radical attorney. There was

one from a coachmaker, saying he was satisfied, from what his men told him,

there was such a design, and offering to come with eighteen of his people

and guard the Duke. There was another offer, in a letter not read, to the

same effect. There was an examination of a man who serves a Radical

printer, and who formerly lived with Cobbett, which showed the intention to

exist of attacking the Duke. The impression seemed to be general that the

attempt would be made. There was a letter from the Lord Mayor elect

(Alderman Key) to the Duke, telling him there was an intention amongst

disaffected persons to excite tumult and confusion, and to attack him; that

he could not be in safety without a guard, and a strong one; and that if an

attack was made _in one quarter_ the civil force would not be sufficient.

The Duke said he would not go. Peel, who had received many letters

informing him of the intention to assassinate him, said if he went he would

go privately, and come away privately. He observed that if our force, the

disposition of which was mentioned, and was admirable, succeeded in putting

down a riot along the line of the procession, he could not answer for the

security of life or property in other parts of the town. We had information

that the Duke's house would be attacked while he was in the City, and it

was to be feared that fires might take place to exercise terror and create

a diversion.

The feeling in the Duke's mind was that we should not be justified in

giving an occasion for the shedding of blood, by means of a crowd of our

own making. The consequences of the collision would be incalculable, and

might affect all parts of England.

The consequences of putting off the King's visit were not lost sight of;

the effect it would produce on the Funds, and on public confidence--all

that would be said against the Government as weighing down the King by its

unpopularity.

The letter it was proposed to send was written, and the Duke and Peel went

with it to the King at a little before seven.

While they were gone the feeling of the Cabinet underwent a change. Lord

Bathurst first observed that it would put an end to the Government, and

carry Reform. The Chancellor was most unwilling to postpone the King's

visit. It would be said we did it for our sakes only, and sacrificed him.

Lord Bathurst thought the King would take the advice, but be very angry,

and get rid of us.

There would be a violent storm in Parliament, and the mobs would come to

our houses. All these feelings rested upon the supposition that the

procession could return without a tumult, but the letter had been written

on the supposition _that it could not_; which was the correct one. The Duke

and Peel came back and told us the King had thought the advice quite right,

and had behaved as well as possible. The tears were in his eyes while the

Lord Mayor's letter was read. He said he had already determined in his own

mind to bring the Duke and Peel back in his own carriage. The Duke thought

the King had rather expected the advice, and that his mind was relieved by

it.

We knew the Queen was much alarmed; but it had been said that the King

would not hear of there being any danger.

The account of the King's manner of receiving the advice seemed to

tranquillise those who had before been dissatisfied with the resolution

which had been come to. We then went to the Home Office, where we found

Alderman Thompson, Mr. Oldham (the Chairman of the Entertainment

Committee), Lord Hill, Lord F. Somerset, Sir W. Gordon, General Macdonald,

and Mr. Phillips. There were two City men I did not know.

The Duke told them the course we had determined to adopt. Alderman Thompson

said he anticipated the decision--that it could not be announced in more

proper terms. There would be disappointment undoubtedly, but he thought

people in general would be satisfied with the reasons. He was almost in

tears, and indeed all were much affected--the _cause_ of the measure being

the apprehended danger to the Duke.

Just as the letter was going off Alderman Thompson observed that although

he had no doubt the letter from the Lord Mayor elect was written by his

authority, as it was in a handwriting in which a letter had been received

from him by the Entertainment Committee, yet it was not in the Lord Mayor

elect's handwriting, nor was it dated or signed by him as the other letter

was. It was immediately determined that it must be ascertained whether the

Lord Mayor elect had authorised the sending of the letter before Peel's

letter to the Lord Mayor was delivered.

Many began to think there was a hoax, and certainly the forgery of one

letter would have thrown suspicion upon all the rest.

We were to meet at half-past ten. In going down at half-past ten I called

upon Hardinge, who was in his dressing-gown. His servant gone to bed. He

did not seem at all surprised.

Went on to the Cabinet room. Found every word of the letter was in the

Lord Mayor elect's own handwriting.

Mr. Phillips, Sir R. Binnie, and Col. Rowan came in, and Lord F. Somerset,

and Sir W. Gordon. The artillerymen and marines, of whom there were to have

been 500, with two guns, at the Obelisk, are not to be moved up. All the

other troops are to remain, and every precaution to be taken, as an attempt

to create disturbance may be expected on Tuesday.

After we had disposed of this matter we spoke a little of Civil List and

Regency. Notice is to be given to-morrow of the two bills, _as if we were

still a Government_, but I now think nothing but general alarm can enable

us to weather the question of Reform.

_November 8._

The letter to the Lord Mayor is in the _Times_, and the measure is

temperately approved of.

At the same time the result of the Conference on the affairs of Belgium is

announced--namely, the declaration that there must be an armistice. This

will, I trust, give more solid expectations of peace than men have

entertained since the King's Speech. The opening of the West India ports to

American ships is likewise announced. Both the measures are well-timed.

Rode down to the Horse Guards. Overtaken by the Duke, who said he heard

that people were delighted with the measure of postponing the King's visit

to the City. However, whether they _would say so_ was another thing. He

spoke with much feeling of the King's kindness. He said he had behaved as

well as possible.

Some boys hooted, but in general people took off their hats.

Dodd, the coachmaker, told me the people in his neighbourhood were almost

all well-disposed. There were very few Radicals. Colonel Jones had told him

he could get very few people to attend his meetings, and none who were

respectable.

Met Hardinge. He considers it to be the end of the Government. We met Lord

Hill, who lamented the measure, but concluded it was necessary. Went to the

office, where I saw Wortley. He thought it a sad business, and fatal to the

Government. He said London had been full of reports yesterday. Wynne was

talked of for the India Board.

Hardinge's idea (as well as the reports) was that Leach would be

Chancellor, and Brougham Master of the Rolls.

All the world was much amused by the Chancellor's giving a dinner to Lord

Grey, Brougham, Lord Lansdowne, and others. They themselves must have been

much amused, and the Chancellor's not getting to dinner till a quarter past

eight, and going away at a quarter-past ten, must have satisfied them that

something was in the wind.

Desired Jones to make out the appointment of Leach's son to a clerkship

immediately, and signed it in the course of the evening.

House at five. It was very full. Every Whig who is above ground and some

who are half under it were present. After an hour of talk about everything

but the only thing men were thinking of, the Duke of Richmond outed with it

in an offensive manner, and he is the last man who should have done so. The

Duke made his explanation very well. Lord Grey afterwards spoke in a very

bad temper, with personal civility, however, to the Duke. The Duke replied,

which prevented my speaking at all. Lord Grey had spoken 'of measures

tending to bring this country into the situation in which France was the

time of the late Revolution;' words which should have been taken up, but

the Duke's rising after him prevented it.

Upon the whole I think the measure is considered right, and people are very

glad; indeed, the danger is no longer hanging over their heads. I hear that

in the Commons Peel did admirably, and that he was cheered by the whole

House when a Colonel Davies _sneered_ at the letter from the Lord Mayor to

the Duke. Brougham made as mischievous a speech as he could.

The Chancellor gave notice of the Regency Bill for Friday.

I do not think our friends see our danger, and they will never forgive us

if we go out of office without absolute necessity.

_November 9._

Looked into the Salt question in the morning. Cabinet at two. There was

last night a meeting at the Rotunda; about 2,000 people within, and 3,000

or 4,000 without. About half-past ten they dispersed, and from 200 to 600

ran down to Westminster, first going to the House, which was up, and then

to Downing Street. The police licked them well, and sent them off. They

came so quick that a man who headed them, and brought information to the

Home Office, where Peel and the Duke were, could not, by hard running, get

in advance above a minute, and they had passed the Horse Guards before the

Duke, who went there by the back way from the Home Office, had got into the

courtyard. He was going out at the door when the porter told him the mob

was passing. One man was taken, in whose pocket was found his will, leaving

his body to form a rampart against the troops, &c.

It was determined to endeavour to induce the mob to disperse as soon as the

Rotunda was full, and then to read the Riot Act as soon as the law

justified it, and to disperse them by police. There will be common

constables there besides. Mr. Chambers will be there; and if he sends for

assistance to the Horse Guards, two bodies of fifty each, each headed by a

magistrate, will go over Westminster Bridge, one by Stamford Street, the

other by the Blackfriars Road, to the Rotunda.

There will be about 300 or 400 new police there. I suggested to Chambers

the having a boat ready to take a note to the Horse Guards, as his

messenger might be impeded in the streets. Persons are flocking in from

Brixton and Deptford, and by the Kentish roads.

Mr. Chambers represents the mob as very cowardly.

There are two shorthand writers at the Rotunda. The speeches are not very

seditious.

The _Times_ is turning against us, and I hear the Press is worse than it

was--none of the newspapers fighting our measure well.

After the Duke was gone there was a little said about Reform. Many

defections announced--the Staffords, young Hope, Lord Talbot, the Clives

very unwilling to vote against it, thinking the public feeling so strong. I

suggested that neither the Duke nor Peel had gone further than to say that

no proposition had yet been made which seemed to them to be safe, and that

we might perhaps agree to a Committee to inquire into the state of the

Representation, and afterwards defeat the specific measures. Peel said he

thought the terms of the motion did not signify. It was 'Reform, or no

Reform!' He never would undertake the question of Reform. Lord Bathurst, of

course, was against me, and generally they were; but they had, before my

suggestion, said, 'Had we not better, then, consider what we shall do?'

Afterwards they said nothing.

Peel and the Duke both think the measure generally approved, and Peel is

satisfied with the House of Commons. Goulburn, on the other hand, thinks

the general feeling is against us.

House. Nothing said. There was a crowd at the door, and much hooting. I had

to drive my horse through it. While we were in the House the mob was

removed by the police. Not knowing this, Clanwilliam and I came home in the

Duke's carriage. There was no mob till we passed Bridge Street, where there

were a good many people who recognised the carriage, and followed it

hooting. They ran into Downing Street, and we passed on through the Horse

Guards. I was glad to find a Grenadier at the Duke's. Clanwilliam said he

had ten or twelve there.

Altered the Bill respecting the fees of officers in the Superior Courts,

and sent it with a letter to Lawford, appointing eleven on Thursday for

seeing him at the office.

_November 10._

Office. Wrote a placard and showed it to Peel, who will have it printed.

The tide is turning. Carlisle began to abuse the Duke last night, and found

it would not do. Some cried out, 'He gained the Battle of Waterloo!' and

Carlisle was obliged to begin to praise him. He then tried to abuse the new

police, but that would not do, and he was obliged to praise them too.

There was a good deal of rioting in different parts of the town. The City

Police was inefficient, and at Temple Bar rascals were masters for some

time. The new police, however, gave them a terrible licking opposite

Southampton Street, and not far from Northumberland House. They got licked,

too, in Piccadilly--and the whole was put down by the Civil Power.

The military were so arranged that, had they been called for, they would

have enveloped the rioters. The thing may be considered as nearly put down,

and the Government strengthened by it.

The Funds have risen to-day, and are as high as before the postponement of

the King's visit--indeed higher. So much for Lord Clanricarde's speech.

Cabinet dinner at the Duke's. The King is anxious about the duration of his

Government. He would concede on the subject of Reform, although he is

against it. Peel told him he thought that by opposing all Reform in the

first instance the Government would be able to make better terms

afterwards. The King said either course had its conveniences and

inconveniences. He did not decide between them; but he evidently inclines

to concession.

It seems the Queen _now_ declares herself much disappointed at not going to

Guildhall, and the Fitzclarence family are turning against the Government,

wishing, as the Duke says, to be Dukes and Duchesses, which is impossible.

On Tuesday night 4,000 troops could have been collected in St. James's Park

in ten minutes. There were 2,000 police near Whitehall as a grand reserve.

The Lord Mayor wrote to Peel acknowledging the total inefficiency of the

City Police. The contrast between the City and Westminster was most

striking.

The Press is turning against us. Like cats, they are leaving the falling

house.

In the House of Commons this evening there was an almost unanimous shout

when Peel admitted that the new Bishop of Exeter was to hold the living of

Stanhope _in commendam_. It seems all unite upon that question, which is an

unlucky one, although the interference of Parliament is quite irregular.

There was much talk about the Regency question after dinner, and I left

them talking still at half-past eleven.

On Friday the Chancellor should open the question to the House, and we are

not prepared, having called Parliament together for this specific purpose!

We have neglected the Press too much. The Duke relies upon the support of

'respectable people,' and despises the rabble; but the rabble read

newspapers, and gradually carry along with them the 'respectable people'

they outnumber.

I do not think the being out of office for a Session would be of any

ultimate disadvantage to me. I am sure I should enjoy better health, and I

should have much more to do in the House. I should be enabled to regain my

proper place.

_November 11._

Office. Saw Wortley. He says the spirits of our friends are improved, and

those of our foes lowered, the few last days as to Reform. Cabinet at two.

A fire at Melton-Constable. The country round Battle and Hawkhurst almost

in insurrection. Troops sent there The accounts from France good. The

French Government acknowledges the right of the Diet to drive the Belgians

out of the Duchy of Luxembourg, which is a part of the German Empire. They

have instructed Talleyrand to promote the interests of the Prince of

Orange.

Regency Bill. Decided that the Princess Victoria shall be considered Queen,

and the oath of allegiance taken to her with the reservation of the rights

of any child that might be born. If the child should be born, the Queen

Dowager to be Regent. During the Princess's minority the Duchess of Kent.

The Duke saw the King to-day, and found him very well satisfied with the

postponement of the dinner, and tranquil.

House. The Duke of Buckingham told me they had formed their Government, and

expected to be in in a week. They think the Duke will resign after Tuesday.

Lord Grey to be Foreign Secretary. The Duke of Richmond to be First Lord of

the Treasury. Palmerston and Grant Secretaries of State. Lansdowne

President. The Government to be as Tory as possible. The Chancellor to

remain.

Lothian told me all the best old friends of the Government were against

Philpotts. I told him the reasons why Parliament should not interfere; with

which he was satisfied, and was sorry he had not heard them before.

Lord Camden spoke to me on the same subject. I wish we could get rid of

Philpotts. He will damage us more than Reform.

The Funds have risen to 84 3/4; that is, 7 1/2 per cent, in three days. I

believe this is the consequence, not only of the broken heads, but of the

idea that the Duke will be firm and not run away.

We had a two hours' talk about agriculture; the Duke acquiescing in a

motion of Salisbury's for a Committee on the Poor Laws.

_November 12._

Wrote a note to Hardinge, suggesting to him the expediency of calling upon

Dr. Philpotts and placing before him the hopelessness of his keeping

Stanhope, the damage to himself of a vote of Parliament, and to the Church

from the example of Parliamentary interference, leading him to propose the

exchange of Stanhope for a living near Exeter, and I mentioned Dr. Barnes.

If this could be managed we should turn evil into good, and avoid the

division we must lose. The Funds rose to 853/4, and then fell to 84 3/4,

being still a rise. In the City they think the Government will stand.

There have been threatening notices as near as Colnbrook. In Sussex and

Kent things are very bad. I did not, however, see Peel to-day. There was

nothing in the House.

_November 13._

It seems Peel and Scarlet licked Brougham well yesterday. The temper of the

House is said to have been rather good. Hardinge told me Goulburn made an

indifferent speech. Philpotts has so good a case that he looks confidently

to the result of the debate. We agreed that there was no reason-why the

_congé d'élire_ should not issue. Philpotts himself decides that it should,

happen what may as to Stanhope.

We had some talk as to the division on the Civil List. Peel is for refusing

a Committee, and the separation of the diplomatic expenditure, and will not

yield because he is weak. I think he is right. The better face we put upon

it, the more votes we shall have.

Hardinge suggested the placing of Doherty in Arbuthnot's office. Nothing

could be better than that arrangement; but he thought, and I think, the

Duke would not displace Arbuthnot. Arbuthnot knows more about my office

than any one else. Where would they put me?

We had some conversation respecting the Regency. It was determined to

legislate as _little_ as we could.

_November 14._

Cabinet at four. Peel is of opinion that the fires are in many cases

perpetrated for stock-jobbing purposes. They are certainly done by persons

from London.

He said he was satisfied that, whatever might be the division on Reform,

the question was carried. Admiral Sotheron, Lindsay, he thought [blank],

and I think he mentioned another, voted for it. If the county members did,

and it was thrown out by the representatives of Scotch and English

boroughs, it was impossible to stand much longer. He read a paper,

circulated for signatures in the parish of St. Ann, in which the

subscribers declare their readiness to be sworn in as special constables,

and their determination to protect property. At the same time they declare

their opinion that there ought to be a Reform, first in the House of

Commons; but of Church and State. This he considers the commencement of a

Burgher Guard. I cannot understand his reasoning; if he thinks Reform must

be carried, surely it is better to vote a general resolution, and to fight

the details. By objecting to the general resolution we shall probably be

turned out, and have much less power to do good out of office than if we

were in.

It seems to me that obstinacy, and the fear of being again accused of

ratting, lead to this determination to resist when resistance is, in his

own opinion, fruitless.

Clive, whom I saw to-day, is for a modified Reform; but he will vote for us

in order to keep the Duke in.

We had a long conversation about the Regency, and agreed upon the substance

and form of the Bill. Aberdeen wanted again to open the whole question, on

which he has no fixed opinion. He has come round entirely. First he thought

the right was in the presumptive heir; now he thinks it must be in the

child _in utero_.

It appears certain that at Carlisle the 9th was looked to as the day of

signal to them and to all England. It seems the plan was to attack the

Guildhall and massacre all in it. There would have been a smash, but a most

signal defeat, for there would have been 250 cavalry, and from 700 to 800

Volunteers there (the East India Volunteers and the Artillery Company),

besides a battalion within reach.

Sir Claudius Hunter has published in the _Sunday Times_ a denial of the

speeches attributed to him, and a statement of the City force. Their

ordinary force is fifty-four men! With Volunteers, Artillery Company,

Picket men, Firemen, Lumber Troop, &c., they would have had about 2,250.

_November 15._

House. A very temperate speech of Lord Durham, and a very good one of Lord

Suffield, respecting the new police. Lord Bathurst observed to me they

spoke as if they expected to come in. I mentioned Salisbury's motion for a

Committee which is to be made on Monday next, and Lord Bathurst said 'Shall

we be alive then?' He has a serious apprehension of being out.

The Chancellor made a most excellent speech in moving the first reading of

the Regency Bill, and was cheered on both sides of the House. It seems as

if the measure would be unanimously approved. Lord Eldon seemed to say he

should advise the Duke of Cumberland to acquiesce in it.

The ultra Tories were to have a meeting to-day--thirty-eight of them--to

decide what they should do about Reform. Yesterday the report was they

joined us; but the Duke of Richmond will do all he can to make them go

against us, and, if they do, I suppose we shall be obliged to make our

bows.

_November 16._

Goulburn opposed the submitting the Civil List accounts to a Committee, and

was defeated. We had 204 to 233. Majority against us, 29. Hobhouse asked

Peel whether Ministers would resign, to which he got no answer. Brougham

rose and said Ministers would have time for consideration.

I suppose this division must be considered to be fatal to us. Henry is

going off to take chambers. He means to apply himself to the Law. He is

rather in a hurry. For my own part I am by no means sorry to be out of

office. I think I shall be better able to regain my proper station in

Opposition than I could have done in office, and the emoluments are of no

value to me now.

Office. Saw Wortley. He is glad that the division against us has been upon

the Civil List, rather than upon Reform. He thinks we should resign to-day,

and thus throw upon the Whigs the burden of bringing forward Reform as a

Government measure. Probably Brougham would postpone his motion if we

resigned.

At about half-past three I received a note from Sir Robert Taylor desiring

my immediate attendance at St. James's. I dressed and went, and in a few

moments was admitted to the King. I met Lord Melville coming away. The King

desired me to sit down, and asked me whether I had any expectation of the

division of last night? I said no--I thought that upon any question

connected with the Civil List we should have had a majority; that the

question itself was one of little importance; but, as the Committee had not

been granted before, Sir R. Peel thought it would be a confession of

weakness not to oppose it now, and I thought he was right. The King said it

was probably chosen as a question merely to try strength.

The King asked me what had taken place between the Government and the

Company. I told his Majesty, and added an outline of the plan I had for the

new military arrangements, of which he seemed highly to approve. I then

said I supposed I must take leave of his Majesty. He said in one sense his

Ministers seemed to think they could not go on.

I said I could not but express my sentiments, which were I was sure those

of all my colleagues--the sentiments of deep gratitude to his Majesty for

the constant kind and honourable confidence he had placed in us.

His Majesty said he thought it his duty to give the full support of the

Crown to his Ministers. He had confidence in those he found at his

brother's demise; and since July 26, which was the commencement of our

troubles, he had regarded with admiration that which was most important in

their conduct, their Foreign Policy. He had a feeling of entire

satisfaction with them.

I said it must likewise be satisfactory to his Majesty to feel that his

late Ministers, fully aware of the real difficulties of the country, would

never be led by any personal or party feelings to do anything which could

be _prejudicial_ to the country, and that whatever might be their

differences in principle from his new Ministers they would ever support his

Majesty's interests.

The King was much affected, and had the tears in his eyes all the time I

was speaking to him. I then rose and kissed his hand, and he shook hands

with me, and wished me good-bye for the present. I asked for the _entrée_,

which he gave me very good-naturedly. As I came away I met Rosslyn going

in. The three Fitzclarences were in the lower room, seemingly enjoying our

discomfiture.

House at five. The Duke had already declared that the occurrence which had

taken place elsewhere had induced him to think it his duty to tender his

resignation to the King, and his Majesty had been graciously pleased to

accept it.

Lord Grosvenor asked a question as to the appointment of a successor to Mr.

Buller, and Lord Bathurst said none had been made.

It is a sad loss to Wm. Bathurst, who would have been Clerk of the Council

if the Government had lasted three days longer.

Nothing was said. Lord Grey has been sent for by the King.

I went through all the protocols on the table, and have left hardly

anything but two unanswered letters to my successor--one respecting the

rate of Exchange between territory and commerce; the other respecting

Hyderabad affairs.

_November 19._

Office. Saw Cabell, Jones, and Leach. They had all the tears in their eyes.

Old Jones could hardly help bursting altogether into tears. Left directions

with Leach for placing certain papers before my successor, showing the

state of the finances and expenditure prospectively, and the position in

which we were as to the renewal of the Charter.

Cabell will place the Hyderabad papers before my successor, with my letter

to Astell, and his reply.

Called on Hardinge, who was not at home.

I can only leave a memorandum in the office showing the nature and extent

of the military alterations I projected.

Called on the Duke. He told me Peel came to him in a very nervous state on

Monday night. Arbuthnot and Goulburn were with him. It was clear that the

majority would have been against us if there had been a House of 500. The

Duke sent for the Chancellor, who said as soon as he heard of the division

he thought the game was up--that we could not go on. The Duke went to the

King in the morning, and told him it was better he should resign

immediately, and so force the new Government to bring forward their measure

of Reform. It was better for the country. The King asked the Duke's opinion

of Lord Grey, and whether he had ever had any communication with him. The

Duke said No. The King knew the personal objections the late King had to

Lord Grey, and he could not, although often pressed by Lord Grey's friends,

have any communication with him without either deceiving _him_ or deceiving

the King; and he would not do either. The King asked what sort of a man

Lord Grey was? The Duke said he really did not know. He had the reputation

of being an ill-tempered, violent man; but he knew very little of him. He

had never had any political conversation with him. The King was much

agitated and distressed.