LOGGED. Entered in the log. A very serious punishment, not long disused,
as a mark of disgrace, by recording the omissions of an officer. It may
yet be demanded if arrest ensues.
LOGGED. When a ship is on her beam ends, or in that state in which she
is unmanageable at sea. (_See_ WATER-LOGGED.)
LOGGERHEAD, OR LOGGER-HEAT. A round ball of iron attached to a long
handle with a hook at the end of it. It heats tar by being made hot in
the fire, and then plunged into the tar-bucket. It was also used to
pound cocoa before chocolate was supplied. Also, an upright rounded
piece of wood, near the stern of a whale-boat, for catching a turn of
the line to. Also, a name given to a well-known turtle, _Chelonia
caouana_, from its having a great head; it is sometimes called the
_whooper_ or _whapper_. (_See_ TURTLE.)
LOG-GLASS. The sand-glass used at heaving the log to obtain the rate of
sailing. It is a 28 seconds glass for slow sailing, and 14 seconds for
fast sailing.
LOG-LINE AND LOG-SHIP. A small line about 100 fathoms long, fastened to
the log-ship by means of two legs, one of which passes through a hole at
the corner, and is knotted on the opposite side, while the other leg is
attached by a pin fixed into another hole so as to draw out when _stop_
is called, _i.e._ when the glass has run out. This line, from the
distance of 10, 12, or 15 fathoms of the log-ship, has certain knots or
divisions, which ought to be 47 feet 4 inches from each other, though it
was the common practice at sea not to have them above 42 feet. The
estimate of the ship's way or distance run is done by observing the
length of the line unwound whilst the glass is running; for so many
knots as run out in that time, so many miles the ship sails in an
hour.--_To heave the log_ is to throw it into the water on the lee-side,
well out of the wake, letting it run until it gets beyond the eddies,
then a person holding the glass turns it up just as the first mark, or
stray-line, goes out, from which the knots begin to be reckoned. The log
is, however, at best, a precarious way of computing, and must be
corrected by experience. The inventor of it is not known, and no mention
is made of it till the year 1607, in an East India voyage, published by
Purchas. The mode before, and even now in some colliers, and in native
craft in the East Indies, is to throw a _log_ or chip overboard at the
foremost channel-plate, and to walk aft, keeping up with it until it
passes the stern, thus estimating (and closely too by practice) the rate
of motion. Other methods have been invented by various people, but
_Massey's Patent Log_ gives the most accurate measurement. The same
principle is also applied to the deep-sea sounding-lead.
LOGWOOD. Dyewood, _Haematoxylon campechianum_. It occurs on both sides of
the American coasts near the Isthmus of Darien, and is a great article
of trade, varying from L5 to L10 per ton. Recent discoveries of the
products of coal have reduced the price.
LOICH. A statute term, comprehending the fishes lobbe, ling, and cod.
LONDAGE. An old term for landing from a boat.
LONDON WAGGON. The tender which carried the impressed men from off the
tower to the receiving-ship at the Nore.
LONGAE. Roman row-boats built to carry a large number of men.
LONG AND SHORT BOARDS. _See_ TACK AND HALF-TACK.
LONG BALLS. Engaging beyond the reach of carronades.
LONG BOAT. Is carvel-built, full, flat, and high, and is usually the
largest boat belonging to a ship, furnished with spars and sails, and
may be armed and equipped for cruizing short distances; her principal
employ, however, is to bring heavy stores on board, and also to go up
small rivers to fetch water, wood, &c. At sea it is stowed between the
fore and main masts. Not used in the navy. (_See_ LAUNCH.)
LONG-BOW. A noted weapon formerly supplied to our men-of-war.