Aerial acid 37
Alkali minerale aeratum 55
—— —— nitratum 48
—— —— ſalitum 49, 76
—— —— vitriolatum 47
—— vegetabile aeratum 54
—— —— nitratum 45
—— —— ſalitum 46
—— —— vitriolatum 44
—— volatile aeratum 56
—— —— nitratum 51
—— —— ſalitum 52
—— —— vitriolatum 50
Alkalies, how known 38
Alkaly fixed foſſil 41
—— —— vegetable 40
—— mild foſſil 55
—— —— vegetable 54
—— volatile 42
—— —— mild 56
Alum 67, 78, 79
—— ore 117
—— ſlate 118
Amber 140
—— acid of 36
Ambergriſe 141
Ammoniac, fixed 62
Antimonium (see antimony)
Antimony, properties of 237
—— ſpecies of 238–240
Argentum (ſee ſilver)
Argilla, what 111
—— properties of 112
—— ſpecies of 113, 122
—— porcellana 113
Argilla vitriolata 67, 78, 79
Argillaceous earth, what 111
—— properties of 112
—— ſpecies of 113, 122
Arsenic, properties of 219
—— ſpecies of 220–224
Auripigmentum, 223
Aurum (ſee gold)
Baſaltes 120
Biſmuth, properties of 210
—— ſpecies of 211–214
Bitumina (see inflammables)
Black jack 236
Black-lead 135
Bloodſtone 202
Blue John 96, n. 30
Blue vitriol 69
Bole 114
Boracic acid 35
Borax 53
Brimſtone 134
Cœruleum Berolinenſe nativum 206
Calcareous earth pure 92
—— its properties 93
—— ſpecies of 94–102
Calcedonius 126
Calk 58
Calx 92, 93
—— aerata 63, 94, 95
—— fluorata 96
—— nitrata 60
—— ponderoſa 33
—— ſalita 61
—— vitriolata 59
Carnelian 126
Chalcedony 126
Chalk 63, 94, 95
Chert 129
Choak-damp n. 37
Chryſopraſius 131
Cinnaber 176
Clay 114
Coal 139
—— yields vol. alkaly n. 50
Cobalt properties of 225
—— ſpecies of 226–231
Cobaltum (ſee cobalt)
Common ammoniac 52
—— ſalt 49, 76
Copper, its properties 188
—— ſpecies of 189–196
Corniſh fluor, n. 30
Cubic nitre 48
Cuprum (ſee copper)
—— nicolai 218
—— vitriolatum 69, 80, 82
Derbyſhire fluor, n. 30
Diamond 142
Digeſtive ſalt 46
Dyer’s earth 114
Earths properties of 21
—— have an attraction for each other 103
—— primitive and derivative 83–86
—— ſaline 85
Earthy compounds 251–253, 260
Emerald 119
Epſom ſalt 63, 77, 104, 105
Federertz 171
Fœtid ſtone 95
Feldſpath 130
Feldſpathum 130
Ferrum (ſee iron)
—— aeratum 71
—— nitratum 71
—— ſalitum 71
—— vitriolatum 70, 81, 82
Fixed air 37
—— ammoniac 62
Fluor acid 30
Fluor ſpar 96
—— Corniſh, n. 30
—— Derbyſhire, n. 30
Galena 165, 185
Garnet 120
Gemma 119
Gems 119
Glanz-cobalt 230
Glauber’s ſalt 47
Glimmer 122
Gold, properties of 144
—— ſpecies of 145–150
Granatus 120
Gypſum 59
Hæmatites 102
Heavy earth (ſee the preface)
—— —— how obtained pure 87
—— —— properties of 88
—— —— ſpar 58, 89, 90
Heliotropium, n. 25
Horn-ſilver 161
Hydrargyrum (ſee quickſilver)
Hydrophanus 126
Jaſper 127
Jaſpis 127
Inflammables, definition of, 22, 132
—— ſpecies of 133–136
Inflammable compounds 254, 255
Iron, properties of, 197
—— ſpecies of, 198–206
Kupfernickel 218, 231
Lapis calaminaris 233
—— hepaticus 90
—— ponderoſus 97
—— ſuillus 95
Lead, its properties 179
—— ſpecies of, 180–187
—— vitriol of, 181
Limeſtone 63, 94, 95
Lithantrax 139
Lithomarga 116, and n.
Litmus, n. 25
Liver ſtone 90
Loadſtone 200
Magnes 200
Magneſia, how got pure, 104
—— properties of, 105
—— ſpecies of 105–109
—— aerata 66
—— common 66
—— nitrata 64
—— ſalita 65
—— vitriolata, 63, 77
Manganeſe, properties of, 241
—— ſpecies of, 242, 243
Manganeſium (ſee manganeſe)
—— ſalitum 74
Marle 115
—— calcareous 101.
Marble 63, 94, 95
Marmor metallicum 58, 89
Metals, definition of, 23
—— properties of, 143
—— table of, 143, page 71
Metallic compounds, 256
—— ſalts, how known, 68
Mica 122
Minera argenti alba, 169
—— —— cornea 161
—— —— griſea 170
—— —— rubra 166
—— —— vitrea 163, 193
—— cupri vitrea 193
—— —— lazurea 194
—— ferri alba 203
Miſspickel 199
Molybdæna 136
—— acid of, 32
Muriatic acid 29
Naptha 138
Natron 55
Neutral ſalts, what 43
—— —— perfect 43
—— —— imperfect 43
Nevilholt water, n. 29, n. 67
Niccolum (ſee nickel)
—— vitriolatum 72
Nickel, properties of 215
—— ſpecies of 216–218
Nitre, common 45
Nitre of lime 60
—— of the ancients 55
Nitrous acid 28
—— ammoniac 51
Opal 126
Petrefactions, what, 262–265
—— genera of 266–270
—— calcareous 269
—— cinnabarine 275
—— cupreous 276
—— gypſeous 267
—— inflammable 273
—— irony 277
—— ſiliceous 271
—— ſilvery 274
—— vitriolic 268
—— pſeudo-galena 278
Petroleum 137
—— ſpecies of, 138–141
Petroſilex 129
Phoſphoric acid 34
Pipe clay 113
Pit coal 139
Platina, properties of, 151
—— how made malleable, n. 151
—— ſpecies of, 152
Platinum (ſee platina)
Plumbago 135
Plumbum (ſee lead)
Porcelain clay 113, and n.
Pruſſian blue, native 206
Pſeudogalena 236
Pyrites 204
—— argenteus 164
—— arſenicalis 224
—— aureus 149
—— cupri 195, 196
Quartz 125
Quartzum 125
Quickſilver, properties of 172
—— ſpecies of 173–178
Riſigallum 223
Rock Oil 138
Rubinus 119
Ruby 119
Sal ammoniac 52
—— gem 76
Saline compounds 247–250, 257–261
Salt common 49
Salts definition of 20
—— metallic how diſtinguiſhed 68
Salts native 24
—— triple, quadruple, &c. 75
Sapphire 119
Saphirus 119
Saxa 251
Scherle 120
Schiſtus aluminaris 118
Sedative ſalt 35
Selenite 59
Serpentine 107
Sideritis 205
Siliceous earth 123
—— properties of, 124
—— ſpecies of, 125–131
Silver, properties of, 153
—— ſpecies of 154–171
Smaragdus 119
Soaprock 107
Spar 63
—— ponderous 89
Sparry fluor, 30, 96
Stannum (ſee tin)
—— ſulphuratum, (ſee preface)
Stones 251
Stone marrow 116
Succinum 140
Sulphur 133, 134
Talc 122
Tartar of vitriol, 44
Terra Lemnia 116
—— ponderoſa, (ſee preface)
—— —— 87
—— properties of, 87
—— aerata 58
—— native, n. 88
—— nitrata 58
—— ſalita 58
—— vitriolata 58, 89, 90
Terra Silicea 123
—— properties of, 124
—— ſpecies of, 125–131
Terrene nitre 60
Tin, properties of, 207
—— ſpecies of 208, 209
Tinkal 53
Topaz 119
Tourmaline 119
Trichites 79
Tungſten 97
Viſmutum (ſee Biſmuth)
Vitriol blue 69
—— green 70
—— white 73
—— of copper 69, 80, 82
—— —— iron 70, 81, 82
—— —— nickel 72
—— —— zinc 73
Vitriolic acid 27
—— —— phlogiſticated 27
—— ammoniac 50
Volatile alkaly, mild 56
Volcanic productions 279
Zeolite 121
Zinc, properties of, 232
—— ſpecies of, 233–236
Zincum vitriolatum 73.
ERRATA.
Page 9, n. for Dr. WERNER, read Profeſſor WERNER.
15, line 23, for VANDELL, read VANDELLI.
21, line 10, for red, read green.
41, line 9, for acidor, read acid or.
71, line 5, for 27,500, read 21,000.
75, note —— 27,500, read 21,000.
95, line 1, for 100 parts, read centenary.
97, line 7, for berolineuſe read, Berolinenſe.
-----
Footnote 1:
In this tranſlation they are introduced in their proper places. W.
Footnote 2:
There is no difficulty in doing this: either the foſſil, or the
vegetable fixed alkaly phlogiſticated, precipitate the terra
ponderoſa, inſtantly and entirely, out of the nitrous, muriatic, or
vegetable acids. W.
Footnote 3:
Opuſc. chemica, vol. II. page 2–10.
Footnote 4:
Conſult particularly Profeſſor WERNER’S treatiſe on the _external
characters of foſſils_ printed in German in the year 1774.
Footnote 5:
The latter part of this definition does not apply perfectly well to
ſome of the ſimple ſalts. I ſhall therefore offer another, given by
Dr. Cullen, viz. “_Saline bodies_ are ſapid, miſcible with water, and
not inflammable.” I am ſenſible too that this definition is not
perfectly unexceptionable, ſince it has been found that vol. alkaly in
an aerial ſtate is in a certain degree inflammable. W.
Footnote 6:
As the tincture of heliotropium is the niceſt known teſt of the
preſence of an acid, it may not be amiſs to mention that it may be had
from dyers under the name of litmus. It is very cheap, and generally
requires to be greatly diluted with diſtilled water before it can be
uſed. W.
Footnote 7:
De thermis pativinis.
Footnote 8:
The moſt highly coloured and fuming nitrous acid may readily be
rendered colourleſs by boiling it haſtily in an open veſſel. Part of
the acid flies off, carrying the ſuperabundant phlogiſton along with
it, in the form of nitrous air. W.
Footnote 9:
N. Acta Upſ. vol. II. p. 202.
Footnote 10:
M. Margraaf.
Footnote 11:
I have ſome reaſon to believe that the Nevil Holt water does contain
ſome of this acid in an uncombined ſtate. W.
Footnote 12:
Opuſcul: vol. II. p. 40.
Footnote 13:
Called Derbyſhire fluor; Corniſh fluor, blue John. W.
Footnote 14:
D. SCHEELE Act. Stockh. 1778.
Footnote 15:
It has been lately obtained in great abundance from bones. W.
Footnote 16:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 424.
Footnote 17:
De Sale ſedativo naturali, 1778.
Footnote 18:
It is found in a ſeparate ſtate in large quantities in ſome of our
mines and wells, and is called the _choak_ damp. In the famous Grotto
del Cano too it exiſts tolerably pure. W.
Footnote 19:
D. D. MARGRAAF, WEIGLEB.
Footnote 20:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 368.
Footnote 21:
MARGRAAF Opuſc.
Footnote 22:
CAVENDISH Phil. Trans. 1767.
Footnote 23:
Dr. Home, in his eſſay on bleaching, ſays it is found in coal mines in
this iſland, and a friend aſſures me that he has obtained it from the
water iſſuing out of coal pits. W.
Footnote 24:
As volatile alkaly may be obtained in large quantities from pit coal,
and produced by proceſſes not dependant upon putrefaction, there is
reaſon to believe that the vitriolic ammoniac may be formed in ſeveral
ways not noticed by the author. W.
Footnote 25:
Acta Stockh. 1772.
Footnote 26:
From ſome experiments lately made I found that both tinkal and
purified borax, required twice their weight of ſedative ſalt, to
neutralize them perfectly ſo that they would no longer change
vegetable blues to a green. W.
Footnote 27:
Baumé mem. des ſc. etr. tom. iv.
Footnote 28:
Phil. Tranſ. 1767.
Footnote 29:
HENCHEL Betheſda port.
Footnote 30:
BOMARE Dictionaire.
Footnote 31:
I have lately diſcovered a ſpecimen of TERRA PONDEROSA _aerata_ got
out of a mine in this kingdom. It is very pure, and in a large maſs.
As this ſubſtance is a new acquiſition to mineralogy, and may be
turned to uſeful purpoſes in Chemiſtry, I intend ſhortly to preſent a
more particular account of it to the Royal Society. W.
Footnote 32:
Conf. Præl. SCHEFFERI, § 188, not. 2.
Footnote 33:
Margraaf Kl. Schrift. tom. II. p. 191.
Footnote 34:
I found it in conſiderable quantity in the Nevil Holt water, when I
analyzed it ſix years ago; and it is probable that the Ballycaſtle
water in Ireland, likewiſe contains it. W.
Footnote 35:
In the original the word is MAGNESIUM, but it is here changed, by the
advice of Dr. Swediar and the concurrence of profeſſor Bergman to
MANGANESIUM, in order to prevent confuſion from its ſimilarity to
Magneſia. W.
Footnote 36:
Mr. MONNET de aquis mineralibus.
Footnote 37:
Opusc. chem. vol. I. p. 394–399.
Footnote 38:
The author ſpeaks here of ſuch as he obtained by precipitation from
acids, but the _native_ TERRA PONDEROSA _aerata_ (ſee note at page 28)
has a ſpecific gravity of nearly 4, 338. W.
Footnote 39:
Opuſc. vol. i. p. 21, 398.
Footnote 40:
N. Acta Upſ. Vol. II. page 198.
Footnote 41:
Opuſc. chem. vol. I, page 23.
Footnote 42:
Opuſc. chem. vol. I, page 398.
Footnote 43:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 29, 373.
Footnote 44:
Profeſſor _Bergman_ does not here ſeem to be ſufficiently aware of the
difference between our Devonſhire pipe clay, and that which is uſed in
the manufacture of porcelain. The former, in an open fire, burns to a
blueiſh grey, or pidgeon colour; the latter remains white. The former
ſeems to be the ſame as the Cologne and Maeſtricht pipe clay, of
Cronſtedt, §78; the latter is a decayed Feldſpath, and conſequently,
according to our author, (§ 130) contains magneſia. Our porcelain
clay, likewiſe, has quartz, chryſtals, and mica mixed with it, parts
of the granite which it originally compoſed. Before it is uſed the
quartz is ſeparated, but the mica remains. I am indebted to my friend
Mr. Watt for theſe obſervations. W.
Footnote 45:
I have taken the liberty to add this ſpecies upon our author’s own
authority. See BERGMAN Diff. de Lithomarga, page 13.
Footnote 46:
N. Acta Upſal. vol. III, page 121.
Footnote 47:
Opuſc. vol. I, page 291, 292.
Footnote 48:
It is probable, that in another edition, the author may ſee reaſon to
ſeparate the _mica_ from the _talc_; as ſome experiments I have made,
though yet too imperfect for publication, ſeem to indicate the
neceſſity of ſuch a meaſure. W.
Footnote 49:
Opuſc. vol. ii. p. 49.
Footnote 50:
Hiſt. des Plantes de la Gujane. 1774.
Footnote 51:
Dr. SWEDIAR lately preſented a paper to the Royal Society, from which
it appears highly probable that Ambergriſe is nothing but the
indurated fæces of the Sperma Ceti whale, who feeds upon the cuttle
fiſh. He has found the beaks of that fiſh intermixed with the
ambergriſe, in the form of black ſpots. W.
Footnote 52:
Opuſc. Vol. II, page 112.
Footnote 53:
_Lavoiſier_, Mem. de l’Acad. de Paris.
Footnote 54:
Opusc. vol. II. page 275.
Footnote 55:
The degrees of heat here expreſſed, are according to Farenheit’s
ſcale.
By _ſaturating phlogiſton_, Profeſſor Bergman means to expreſs the
proportionate quantities taken away from each metallic ſubſtance, when
diſſolved by means of acids, and of courſe reduced to a calciform
ſtate. The laſt column only expreſſes their attractions to this part
of their phlogiſton, not to that which ſtill remains united to them in
a calciform ſtate. W.
Footnote 56:
Opuſc. Vol. II. page 374–376.
Footnote 57:
Diſſertatio de quantitate Phlogiſti in diverſis metallis.
Footnote 58:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II, page 411.
Footnote 59:
Opuſc. chem. Vol. II, page 413.
Footnote 60:
From ſome late experiments made upon platina by the Count de SIKENGEN,
and publiſhed in German by profeſſor Succow, it appears that the
ſpecific gravity of pure platina is 21,000. When perfectly pure and in
its metallic ſtate it was not calcined by deflagration with nitre, it
did not admit of being hardened or ſoftened by tempering, like ſteel
or other metals; it was drawn into a wire ¹⁄₁₉₄₀ of a line in
diameter; this wire admitted of being flattened, and had more ſtrength
than a wire of gold or ſilver of the ſame ſize. This platina is not
fuſible by the ſtrongeſt fire, but melts in the focus of a burning
glaſs; its colour white, ſhining like fine ſilver.
From conſidering the very intereſting experiments of the Count de
Sikengen, I apprehend the following method to obtain pure and
malleable platina will be found a good one.
Diſſolve the grains of native platina that are leaſt magnetic, in aqua
regia. Precipitate the iron by means of phlogiſticated fixed alkaly.
Then precipitate whatever elſe will fall, by cauſtic vegetable alkaly.
Saturate the liquor with cauſtic foſſil alkaly, and ſet it by to
chryſtallize. The yellow chryſtals thus obtained are to be hammered
together at a welding heat, and the metallic parts will unite. W.
Footnote 61:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II, page 181.
Footnote 62:
Phil. Tranſ.
Footnote 63:
This reference is not to be found in the Engliſh edition of Cronſtedt.
I imagine it ſhould be § 174. 6. where it is called the Dal Falertz.
W.
Footnote 64:
In this reference too I ſuſpect a miſtake. It ought I believe to be
173, 6. W.
Footnote 65:
Some late experiments made at Hudſon’s Bay ſeem to prove that
Quickſilver congeals and becomes malleable at 39 degrees below 0. See
Lond. Med. Journal, page 205, for the year 1783. W.
Footnote 66:
When I introduce a new _ſpecies_ I repeat the preceding number, with
the addition of an aſteriſk, rather than break in upon the order of
the author’s numbers. I intend ſhortly to publiſh an exact analyſis of
this ſubſtance. W.
Footnote 67:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II, page 426.
Footnote 68:
Opuſc. vol. II. page 431.
Footnote 69:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 429.
Footnote 70:
Diſſ. de Analyſi. ferri.
Footnote 71:
Called Sideritis, from its reſemblance to iron. W.
Footnote 72:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 231.
Footnote 73:
Diſſ. de quantitate phlogiſti in metallis.
Footnote 74:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II, p. 272.
Footnote 75:
Opuſc. chem. vol. II, p. 446.
Footnote 76:
Opuſc. Vol. II, page 309.
Footnote 77:
Some of the ſulphur and alum, ſublimed by the ſubterranean fires near
Bilſton, contain ſiliceous earth. W.
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