[Here we have then the requirement to become wholly dead to the realm of

sin, in order to be able to rise fully to the ethical ideal. The question

whether this is possible in life remains open, to be sure. In symbolism

this mystical death and the union with the highest spirit was represented

symbolically in the highest degree of freemasonry. The representative of

the Highest is the Master degree of the M. v. St. and he fills the dead,

as it were, with his life, as the raising takes place (H in H, F against

F, K against K, etc.), like the reviving of the child by Elijah (I Kings

XVIII, 21). As for the necessary decay of the body before the raising

(“The skin leaves,” etc.) let us quote the passage, L. G. B., I, pp. 271

ff.: [the divine word speaks] “Know ... that I have not left thee without

a potent and rich talent which lies in thine own keeping, although deep

hidden and covered with a threefold covering (Exod., XXXIX 34, Num. IV, 5,

6), which must be removed before thou canst see this costly garment. The

first covering is the coarse dark appearance of this earthly realm ... the

second is the fast-binding [directed upon the mundane] reason ... the

third is the baser natural senses.... Provided that thou thoroughly

determine with the firm resolution to break through these three obstacles,

thou wilt come to the golden mass.... While it is given to ye then to know

where the treasure really lies [Seeking out of the grave. The three

murderers, who have hidden the corpse, are these very ‘three obstacles.’]

and you have my spirit on this, which will not alone seek for it but will

with the hand of its strength strongly coöperate with you; [To revive the

mystical dead.] so resolve as united in the spirit ... to break through

that and to break it up, which lies as a covering over this princely

being.... Pray and do not only wait [no idle mysticism] but struggle and

work until you have released, set free and liberated this power hidden in

a prison; which may be exalted upon the throne of empire, since in truth

my spirit as well as yours has hitherto not been displaced from its

kingdom except by force and unrighteousness.” [With reference to the

raising (cf. L. G. B., III, pp. 87, 91); in that place three degrees of

mystical development are described in the similitude of three altars.

Under the last altar, which is built of quadrangular stones, in which one

can see his own face as in mirrors, lies the life trampled to death, which

will again be wakened.]

“Knowest thou not, I was asked, that the law of sin has the mastery as

long as it [the body with its selfish tendencies] lives? So that the

spirit clearly bore witness and gave me to understand that nothing could

make me worthy of this marriage with the Lamb [unio mystica] except an

absolute death, since he wedded only the maidenly spirit, to be one flesh

with him, [H in H, F against F, etc.] and by so doing changed it into his

own pure manhood. [Humanity.] And this is the generation or birth to an

actively self-sufficient being, which rises out of the old one. For just

as the grain of wheat perishes or dies in the earth and comes into a new

life, just so it goes also with the arising and the growing up of the new

creation, which in truth is Christ our life, whose appearance will put an

end to the sins in us. For, dear one, what has brought on the curse, care,

trouble, misery, weaknesses, which press and torture the poor man in this

fallen state of his but the departing from God? And as long as he is in

this condition, he is a debtor to sin and under its dominion; which

subjects him to all affliction and misery, which are wont to follow the

footsteps of those who live in the elemental flesh. Now without doubt it

is good and joyful tidings to hear of a possibility of drawing out and

putting off this body of sins; and in truth the prophet who has arisen in

me has prophesied that such a day was at hand. Be dismayed at it, ye that

are the wounders and despisers of this grace; which I see is now near

being revealed, for the bridal garments are being prepared ... [Cf. the

end of the parable.] O Wisdom, the preparation and ordering of the bridal

garments is given in charge to you alone, which shall be of divers colors,

with which the king’s daughter, [Analogue of the king’s son, the improved

son figure of the parable.] who is entrusted to thy teaching and

instruction, may be distinguished from all others, and known [as

redeemed].” (L. G. B., I, pp. 51 ff., wherewith the magic journey is

ended.)

Thus there is a confident tone, a hope in that which loses itself in the

infinite. But Leade suspects that it is an unattainable ideal and knows

what regulative import it has: “Ah, who up to this hour has traveled so

far, and what are all our realized gifts until we have reached this goal

[union with the Divinity]. Can our plummet even sound it and explore in

the deep abyss, the matchless wonder of the immeasurable being? And

because the revolving wheel of my spirit has found no rest in all that it

has seen, known, possessed and enjoyed, it stretched its errant senses

continuously towards what was still held back, and kept, by the strong

rock of omnipotence; to struggle towards which with a fresh attack I

resolutely determined, and would be sent away with nothing less than the

kingdom and the ruling power of the Holy Ghost.” (L. G. B., I, p. 87.)

In a parallel between the old and new royal art, I cannot overlook the

French masonic writer Oswald Wirth, who has worked in the same province. I

agree with him in general; although much of his method of interpretation

seems to me too arbitrary. I have already called attention to several

passages from W. S. H. on the preparation of the subject [i.e., the

uninitiated]. I will endeavor to outline the contents of the rest of the

work according to the ideas of Wirth.

Having given up himself, the Subjectum is overcome in the philosophic egg

[preparation chamber, i.e., sch. K.] by sadness and suffering. His

strength ebbs away, the decomposition begins; the subtle is separated from

the coarse. [Smaragdine tablet.] That is the first phase of the air test.

After descending to the center of the earth [Visita interiora terrae,

etc.—Smaragdine tablet, 6, 8.] where the roots of all individuality meet,

the spirit rises up again [Smaragdine tablet, 10.] released from the caput

mortuum, which is blacked on the floor of the hermetic receptacle. The

residuum is represented by the cast-off raiment of the novice. Laboriously

now, he toils forward in the darkness; the heights draw him on; escaping

hell he will attain to heaven. His ascent up the holy mountain is hindered

by a violent storm; he is thrown into the depths by the tempest: a symbol

of circulation in the closed vessel of the alchemists, which vessel

corresponds to the protected lodge. During the circulation the volatile

parts rise and fall again like rain, which is symbolized by the tears upon

the walls. To be sure, it is not here that the neophyte is subjected to

the water test, and if a confusion is possible on this point it comes from

the fact that all the operations of the great work go on in one vessel,

while the masonic initiation is completed in a suite of different rooms,

so that the symbolic series here suffers disintegration. The circulating

water, which soaks into the pores of the earthly parts of the subject,

purifies it more and more, so that it goes from gray through a series of

colors (peacock’s tail) to white. In this stage the material corresponds

to the wise man who knows how to resist all seduction. Yet we are not to

be satisfied with this negative virtue; the fire test (we should remember

that the four tests by the elements were to be found in the parable also)

is still to be gone through, the calcination, which burns everything

combustible. After the calcination there is a perfectly purified salt

[Symbol: Salt] of absolute transparence. So long as the novice has not

attained this moral clearness, the light cannot be vouchsafed to him. In

brief, in the first degree, the main thing is the comprehensive

purification. The salt layers must be made crystal clear, that surround

the inner sulphur [Symbol: Sulphur] like a crust and hinder it from its

free radiation. Sulphur is to be regarded as a symbol of the expansive

power, as individual initiative, as will. Mercury stands opposite to it as

woman does to man, as that which goes to the subject from without, or as

absolute receptivity. Salt is midway between both; in it the equilibrium

between [Symbol: Sulphur] and [Symbol: Mercury] is found. It is a symbol

of what appears as the stable being of man. In the first degree the

purification of the salt is worked out for the release of the sulphur. The

red column J corresponds to the red sulphur, by which symbolically the

novices get their reward. For the rest, the first degree is satisfied with

getting the novices to see the universal light (the blazing star). (W. S.

H., pp. 88-92.)

The fire test takes place in the second degree. The fiery sulphur must be

worked out or rather sent out and used for work. The field of activity of

the member proportions itself, as it were, according to the expansion or

range of its sulphurous radiation. At this time the member enters into a

relation of such intensified activity with the world that the intellectual

grasp [which corresponds to the [Symbol: Mercury] = principal] acquires

from it a new illumination [blazing star], and breaks away for a

connection of the will, which was at first merely individual, with the

collectivity. To me at least that appears to be the sense of the

figurative but not quite clear exposition of W. S. H., pp. 952-962, which

I have, for the sake of exactness, given in the original text. [See

Appendix, Note I.] As soon as the crude stone is cut and polished we have

no longer to work inward but outward. What we are to accomplish so

creatively would be insignificant if we did not know the secret of

borrowing power from a power that apparently lies without us. Where do

these mysterious powers work if not at the pillar B, whose name means: i.

i. d. St.? In the north directed on the contrary towards the moon, whose

soft feminine light it reflects, it corresponds to [Symbol: Mercury],

which unceasingly flows towards all being, in order to support its central

fire, [Symbol: Fire]. The exaltation of the latter leads to the fire test,

the idea of which Wirth seems to take in strictly occult form, in the

manner of Eliphas Levi. Finally, a circulation takes place, in that the

individual will seeks like a magnet to draw the divine will, always falls

down again, rises, however, and so on in cycles, till both meet in the

“philosophical fire.” It is the cycle of which we read in the Smaragdine

Tablet. The incombustible essence that comes forth from the fire test is

the phœnix (a figure much used by the alchemists). The member has the task

of changing himself into the phœnix. Not only [Symbol: Fire] belongs to

the work, however, but also the act must be guided by intelligence;

activity and receptivity must complement each other. Therefore the member

has to know both pillars thoroughly. And therefore he becomes also the

already mentioned androgynous material, Rebis. That is only to be attained

when the elemental propensities are overcome, therefore the figure Rebis

is represented as standing on the dragon. (W. S. H., pp. 96-101.)

What will the master do now? He will identify himself with the Master

Builder of all worlds, in order to work in him and through him. When any

one says that that is mysticism, he is not wrong. Being developed on the

three successive ways of purgatio, illuminatio, and unio, this mysticism

is no less logical than the religious mysticism that with its

mortifications, if it were only rightly understood, would accomplish the

same purpose. Mortification is, as the word itself says, the endeavor for

a certain kind of death. Twice is the mason enjoined to die; at the

beginning in the preparation room and at the end at the final initiation

into the inmost chamber. The second death corresponds to the perfection of

the grand mastery. It signifies the complete sacrifice of his personality,

the renunciation of every personal desire. It is the effacement of that

radical egotism that caused the fall of Adam, in that he dragged down

spirituality into corporeality. The narrow pusillanimous ego melts into

nothing before the high impersonal self, symbolized by Hiram. The mythical

sins of the eternal universal human Adam are thus expatiated. The

architect of the temple is to the Grand Master Builder of All Worlds (G.

B. a. W.) just what in Christian symbolism the Word become flesh is to the

Eternal Father. In order to carry on the work of the universal structure

with advantage the Master must enter into the closest union of the will

with God. No longer a slave in anything he is the more a master of all,

the more his will works in harmony with the one that rules the universe.

“Placed between the abstract and the concrete, between the creative

intelligence and the objective creation, man thus conceived, appears like

the mediator par excellence, or the veritable Demiurge of the gnostics.”

Yet it is not enough that he gets light from its original source, he must

also be bound by endless activity to those whom he is to lead. The

necessary bond is sympathy, love. “The master must make himself loved and

he can only succeed by himself loving with all the warmth of a generosity

extending even to absolute devotion, even to the sacrifice of himself.”

The pelican [We are already acquainted with this hermetic bird.] is the

hieroglyph for this loving sacrifice without which every effort remains

vain. (W. S. H., p. 105.)

The master’s degree, this necessarily last degree, corresponds to an ideal

that is set us as a task: we must strive towards it even if its

realization is beyond our powers. Our temple will never be finished, and

no one expects to see the true eternal Hiram arise in himself. (W. S. H.,

p. 94.)

We find also in Wirth, how the work is divided into three main steps,

which begin with the purifying, turn towards the inner soul, and end with

the death-resembling Unio Mystica; here we find, too, in the last degree

the unattainable ideal, which like a star in heaven shall give a sure

course to the voyage of our life. The viewing of the exalted anagogic

conception as a perspective vanishing point, makes allowance for the

possible errors of superposition in the anagogic aspect of the elementary

types.

The tripartite division, which we meet in the great work, shows the

frequently doubted inner qualification of the three degrees of

freemasonry. As they answer a need, they have again prevailed, although

they were not existent in the masonic form of the royal art at the

beginning (about two centuries ago); I say “again,” because similar needs

have already earlier produced similar forms. (Cf. L. Keller’s writings.)

Whether we consider ethical education in general or the intensive

(introversion) form of it, mysticism, we have in either case a process of

development, and degrees are necessary to express it symbolically. The

effort, appearing from time to time, to multiply the degrees has been

justified. We can divide what is divided into three sections into seven

also (7 operations in alchemy, 7 levels of contemplation, 7 ordinations,

etc.), although it is not really needed. But the idea of abolishing the

three degrees can only arise from a misapprehension of the value of the

existing symbolism. That masonry is a union of equal rights is not

affected by the presence of the degrees, provided that their symbolic

significance is not overstepped. The degrees form a constituent part of

the symbolic custom itself and like it are to be intangible.

The symbols of all the lofty spiritual religious communities, for which

the royal art presents itself as a paradigm or exemplar, put before us, as

it were, types of truth. Single facts which the symbols may signify (or

that could be read into the symbols) are not the most important, but

rather the totality of all these meanings. The totality (which can be

acquired only by a sort of integration) is something inexpressible; and if

it also succeeded in expressing this inexpressible, the words of the

expression would be incomprehensible to any finite spirit, as the

individual facts are.

The symbols are the unchangeable, the individual meanings are the

variegated and the changeable. [As for the masonic symbolism in

particular, I am in agreement with Robert Fischer (Kat. Erl., III, fin.).

“Freemasonry rests on symbols and ceremonies; in that lies its superior

title to continued existence. They are created for eternal verities and

peculiarly adapted thereto; they are fitted to every grade of culture,

indeed to every time, and do not fall like other products of the time, a

sacrifice to time itself.... Therefore a complete abolition of our symbols

can meet with assent as little as an enfeeblement of them can be desired.

Much more must we strive in order that a clear understanding may sift out

the abstract, corresponding to our spiritual eye, from the concrete

necessary for our physical eye, so that the combined pictures shall be

resolved in the simple fundamental truths. By this means the symbols

attain life and motion and cannot be put down for things that decay with

time.”] Therefore the symbols should never be changed in favor of a

particular meaning, which becomes the fashion (or be brought closer to it

over and above the given relation). What is to be maintained through

variations of meaning, is not the meanings but the symbols themselves.

To each person symbols represent his own truth. To every one they speak a

different language. No one exhausts them. Every one seeks his ideal

chiefly in the unknown. It matters not so much what ideal he seeks, but

only that he does seek one. Effort itself, not the object of effort, forms

the basis of development. No seeker begins his journey with full knowledge

of the goal. Only after much circulation in the philosophic egg and only

after much passing through the prism of colors does that light dawn which

gives us the faint intimation of the outline of the prototype of all

lesser ideals. Whoever desires hope of a successful issue to this progress

must not forget a certain gentle fire that must operate from the beginning

to the end, namely Love.

Whom these teachings cheer not,

Deserves not to be a man.

NOTES.

Note A (80). I put here not merely those comparisons of motives which are

alike at the beginning, but also those that are important for our further

consideration. My rendering of them is partly abridged. Signs of

similarity are, as Stucken explains, not employed to express an absolute

congruence, but predominantly in the sense of “belongs with” or “or is the

alternate of.” Stucken’s comparison I, A, goes: Moses in the ark = spark

of fire in the ark = Pandora’s books = Eve’s apple; I, B: Moses in the ark

= the exposed = the fatherless = the persecuted = the deluge hero [the one

floating in the ark]. II, A: Eve’s apple = Moses in the ark = Onan’s seed

= fire = soma = draught of knowledge, etc. III, B: Tearing open of the

womb = decapitation or dismemberment = exposure = separation of the first

parents. IV, B: The dismembered [man or woman] = the rejuvenated = the

reborn [m. or w.]. VI, A: Potiphar motive = separation of first parents =

Onan motive. VII, A: The wicked stepmother = Potiphar’s wife = man eater.

VII, B: Flight from the “man eater” = flight from Potiphar’s wife = flight

from the wicked stepmother = separation of the first parents = magic

flight. IX, A: The first parents = magic flight. IX, A: The killed ram =

Thor’s ram = Thyestes’ meal = soma. XIII, A: The exposed = the persecuted

= the dismembered child = the slain ram—the helpful animal. XIX: The Uriah

letter = the changed letter = word violence [curse = blessing]. XX:

Scapegoat = ark. XXVIII: Wrestling match = rape of women = rape of soma =

opening of the chest [opening of the hole] = rape of the garments [of the

bathing swan ladies]. XXIX: Castration = tearing asunder [consuming] of

the mother’s body = the final conflagration = the deluge. XXXIII, A:

Dragonfight = wrestling match = winning of the offered king’s daughter =

rape of the women = rape of fire = deluge. XL, A: Incest motive = Potiphar

motive. XL, B: Incest = violation of a [moral] prohibition. XL, C: Seducer

[male or female] to incest = “man-eater.” XLIV, A: The father who rejects

the daughter = “man eater.” XLIV, B: Separation of the first parents =

refusal of the daughter [refusal of the “king’s daughter” promised to the

dragon fighter] = substitution. XLV, A: Sodomy = substitution = rape =

parthenogenesis = marriage of mortal with the immortal = seduction =

adultery = incest = love = embraces of the first parents = wrestling

match. Otherwise is marriage of mortal with the immortal = incest =

separation of the first parents. (SAM Book 5.)

Note B (128). That the ideas of gold and offal lie very near each other is

shown in numerous forms and variations in myth, fairy tale and popular

superstition. I mention above all the figure of the ducat or gold-dropper

which has probably been attenuated from a superstition to a joke, and

around it are gathered such expressions as “he has gold like muck,” “he

must have a gold dropper at his house”; then the description of bloody

hemorrhoids as golden veins; the fabulous animals that produce as

excrement gold and precious things. Here belong also the golden ass [K. H.

M., No. 36], which at the word “Bricklebrit” begins “to spew gold from

before and behind,” or [Pentam., No. 1], at the command, “arre cacaure,”

gives forth gold, pearls and diamonds as a priceless diarrhea. [Arre is a

word of encouragement like our get-up; cacuare is derived naturally from

cacare, kacken = to cack, perhaps with an echo of aurum, oro, gold.] It

occurs frequently in sagas that animal dung, e.g., horse manure, is

changed into gold as, inversely, gold sent by evil spirits is easily

turned [again] into dung. Gold is, in the ancient Babylonian way of

thinking, which passes over into many myths, muck of hell or the under

world. If a man buried a treasure so that no one should find it, he does

well to plant a cactus on the covered [treasure] as a guardian of the

gold, according to an old magical custom. An attenuation of the comparison

dung = gold seems to be coal = gold. In Stucken we find the comparison

excrement = Rheingold = sperm [S. A. M., p. 262] and connected with it

[pp. 266 ff.] a mass of material mythologically connected with it. I

mention the similar parallels derived from dream analysis (Stekel, Spr. d.

Tr., passim), further in particular the psychologically interesting

contributions of Freud on “Anal character” (Kl. Schr., pp. 132 ff.) like

Rank’s contribution. (Jb. ps. F., IV, pp. 55 ff.)

Note C (280). According to Jung it is a characteristic of the totality of

the sun myth which relates that the “fundamental basis of the ‘incestuous’

desire is not equivalent to cohabitation, but to the peculiar idea of

becoming a child again, to return to the parents’ protection, to get back

into the mother again in order to be born again by the mother. On the way

to this goal stands incest, however, i.e., necessity in some way to get

back into the uterus again. One of the simplest ways was to fructify the

mother and procreate oneself again. Here the prohibition against incest

steps in, so now the sun myths and rebirth myths teem with all possible

proposals as to how one could encompass incest. A very significant way of

encompassing it is to change the mother into another being or rejuvenate

her, in order to make her vanish after the resulting birth [respective

propagation], i.e., to cause her to change herself back. It is not

incestuous cohabitation that is sought, but rebirth, to which one might

attain quickest by cohabitation. This, however, is not the only way,

although perhaps the original one.” (Jung, Jb. ps. F., IV, pp. 266 ff.) In

another place it is said: The separation of the son from the mother

signifies the separation of man from the pairing consciousness of animals,

from the lack of individual consciousness characteristic of infantile

archaic thought. “First by the force of the incest prohibition could a

self-conscious individual be produced, who had before been, thoughtlessly

one with the genus, and only so first could the idea of the individual and

conclusive death be rendered possible. So came, as it were, death into the

world through Adam’s sin. The neurotic who cannot leave his mother has

good reason; fear of death holds him there. It appears that there is no

concept and no word strong enough to express the meaning of this conflict.

Whole religions are built to give value to the magnitude of this conflict.

This struggle for expression, enduring thousands of years, cannot have the

source of its power in the condition which is quite too narrowly conceived

by the common idea of incest; much more apparently must we conceive the

law that expresses itself first and last as a prohibition against incest

as a compulsion toward domestication, and describe the religious system as

an institution that most of all takes up the cultural aims of the not

immediately serviceable impulsive powers of the animal nature, organizes

them and gradually makes them capable of sublimated employment.” (Jb. ps.

F., IV, pp. 314 ff.)

Note D (274). Jung divides the libido into two currents lengthwise, one

directed forward, the other backward: “As the normal libido is like a

constant stream, which pours its waters into the world of reality, so the

resistance, dynamically regarded, is not like a rock raised in the river

bed, which is flowed over and around by the stream, but like a back

current flowing towards the source instead of towards the mouth. A part of

the soul probably wants the external object, another part, however,

prefers to return to the subjective world, whither the airy and easily

built palaces of the phantasy beckon. We could assume this duality of

human will, for which Bleuler from his psychiatric standpoint has coined

the word ambitendency, as something everywhere and always existing, and

recall that even the most primitive of all motor impulses are already

contradictory as where, e.g., in the act of extension, the flexor muscles

are innervated.” (Jb. ps. F., IV, p. 218.)

Note E (279). Of the wonderful abilities that pass current as fruits of

the yoga practice, the eight grand powers [Maha-siddhi] are generally

mentioned: 1. To make oneself small or invisible [animan], 2, 3. to

acquire the uttermost lightness or heaviness [laghiman, gariman], 4. to

increase to the size of a monster and to reach everything even the most

distant, as e.g., to the moon with the tips of the fingers [mahiman or

prapti], 5. unobstructed fulfillment of all wishes, e.g., the wish to sink

into the earth as into water and to emerge again [prakamya], 6. perfect

control over the body and the internal organs [isitva], 7. the ability to

change the course of nature [vasitva], and 8. by mere act of will to place

oneself anywhere [yatra kamavasayitva]. Besides these eight marvelous

powers many others might be named, which are partly included in the above;

such an exaltation of sensitiveness that the most remote and imperceptible

images, the happenings in other worlds on planets and stars, as also the

goings on in one’s own interior and in other men’s are perceived by the

senses; the knowledge of the past and the future, of previous existences

and of the hour of death; understanding the language of animals, the

ability to summon the dead, etc. These miraculous powers, however, suffer

from the disadvantages of being transitory, like everything else won by

man through his merit—with the exception of salvation. (Garbe, Samkhya and

Yoga, p. 46.)

Note F (305). Jung (Jb., Ill, p. 171) refers to Maeterlinck’s “inconscient

supérieur” (in “La Sagesse et la Destinée”) as a prospective potentiality

of subliminal combinations. He comments on it as follows: “I shall not be

spared the reproach of mysticism. Perhaps the matter should none the less

be pondered: doubtless the unconscious contains the psychological

combinations that do not reach the liminal value of consciousness.

Analysis resolves these combinations into their historical determinants

for that is one of the essential tasks of analysis, i.e., to render

powerless by disconnecting them, the obsessions of the complexes that are

concurrent with the purposeful conduct of life. History is ignorant of two

kinds of things: what is hidden in the past and what is hidden in the

future. Both are probably to be attained with a certain measure of

probability, the former as a postulate, the latter as a historical

prognosis. In so far as to-morrow is contained in to-day, and all the warp

of the future already laid, a deepened knowledge of the present could make

possible a more or less wide-reaching and sure prognosis of the future. If

we transfer this reasoning, as Kant has already done, to the psychologic,

the following things must result; just as memory traces, which have

demonstrably become subliminal, are still accessible to the unconscious,

so also are certain very fine subliminal combinations showing a forward

tendency, which are of the greatest possible significance for future

occurrences in so far as the latter are conditioned by our psychology. But

just as the science of history troubles itself little about the future

combinations which are rather the object of politics, just so little are

the psychological combinations the object of the analysis, but would be

rather the object of an infinitely refined psychological synthesis, which

should know how to follow the natural currents of the libido. We cannot do

this, but probably the unconscious can, for the process takes place there,

and it appears as if from time to time in certain cases significant

fragments of this work, at least in dreams, come to light, whence came the

prophetic interpretation of dreams long claimed by superstition. The

aversion of the exact [sciences] of to-day against that sort of

thought-process which is hardly to be called phantastic is only an

overcompensation of the thousands of years old but all too great

inclination of man to believe in soothsaying.”

Note G (317). The umbilical region plays no small part as a localization

point for the first inner sensations in mystic introversion practices. The

accounts of the Hindu Yoga doctrine harmonize with the experiences of the

omphalopsychites. Staudenmaier thinks that he has, in his investigations

into magic, which partly terminated in the calling up of extremely

significant hallucinations, observed that realistic heavenly or religious

hallucinations take place only if the “specific” nerve complexes [of the

vegetative system] are stimulated as far down as the peripheral tracts in

the region of the small intestine. (Magie als exp. Naturw., p. 123.) Many

visionary authors know how to relate marvels of power to the region of the

stomach and of the solar plexus. In an essay on the seat of the soul, J.

B. van Helmont assures us that there is a stronger feeling in the upper

orifice of the stomach than in the eye itself, etc.; that the solar plexus

is the most essential organ of the soul. He recounts the following

experience. In order to make an experiment on poisonous herbs he made a

preparation of the root of aconite [Aconitum napellus] and only tasted it

with the tip of his tongue without swallowing any of it. “Immediately,” he

says, “my skin seemed to be constricted as with a bandage, and soon after,

there occurred an extraordinary thing, the like of which I had never

experienced before. I noticed with astonishment that I felt, perceived and

thought no longer with my head, but in the region of my stomach, as if

knowledge had taken its seat in the stomach. Amazed at this unusual

phenomenon, I questioned myself and examined myself carefully. I merely

convinced myself that my power of perception was now much stronger and

more comprehensive. The spiritual clearness was coupled with great

pleasure. I did not sleep nor dream, I was still temperate and my health

perfect. I was at times in raptures, but they had nothing in common with

the fact of feeling with the stomach, which excluded all coöperation with

the head. Meantime my joy was interrupted by the anxiety that this might

even bring on some derangement. Only my belief in God and my resignation

to his will soon destroyed this fear. This condition lasted two hours,

after which I had several attacks of giddiness. I have since often tried

to taste of aconite, but I could not get the same result.” (Van Helmont,

Ortus Medic, p. 171, tr. Ennemoser, Gesch. d. Mag., p. 913.)

Note H (381). For the old as for the new royal art the material is man, as

man freed from all framework. “Not man of the conventional social life,

but man as the equally entitled and equally obligated being of divine

creation, enters the temple of humanity with the obligation always to

remain conscious of his duty and to put aside everything that comes up to

hinder the fulfillment of the highest duty.” (R. Fischer.) Compare with

this what Hitchcock says of the material of the Philosopher’s Stone:

“Although men are of diverse dispositions ... yet the alchemists insist

... that all the nations of men are of one blood, that is, of one nature;

and that character in man, by which he is one nature, it is the special

object of alchemy to bring into life and action, by means of which, if it

could universally prevail, mankind would be constituted into a

brotherhood.” (H. A., pp. 48 ff.) [The tests] ... “begin with the

stripping of the metals. Now alchemy recommends, once the propitious

matter is seen, carefully examined and recognized, to clean it externally

for the purpose of freeing it of every foreign body that could adhere

accidentally to its surface. The matter, in fine, should be reduced to

itself. Now it is an absolutely analogous matter that the candidate is

called to strip himself of everything that he possesses artificially; both

it and he ought to be reduced strictly to themselves. In this state of

primitive innocence, of philosophic candor retrieved, the subject is

imprisoned in a narrow retreat where no external light can penetrate. This

is the chamber of meditation which corresponds to the matras of the

alchemist, to his philosophic egg hermetically sealed. The uninitiated

finds there a dark tomb where he must voluntarily die to his former

existence. By decomposing the integuments that are opposed to the true

expansion of the germ of individuality, this symbolic death precedes the

birth of the new being who is to be initiated.” (W. S. H., pp. 87 ff.)

Note I (411). As to the Chamber of the Companion hung in red, it

represents the sphere of action of our individuality, measured by the

extent of our sulphurous radiation. This radiation produces a kind of

refractive [refringent] medium, which refracts the surrounding diffused

light [[Symbol: Mercury] is meant] to concentrate it on the spiritual

nucleus of the subject. Such is the mechanism of the illumination, by

which those benefit who have seen the blazing star shine. Every being

bears in himself this mysterious star, but too often in the condition of a

dim spark hardly perceptible. It is the philosophic child, the immanent

Logos or the Christ incarnate, which legend represents as born obscurely

in the midst of the filth of a cave serving as a stable. The initiation

becomes the vestal of this inner fire [Symbol: Sulfur]; archetype or

principle of all individuality. She knows how to care for it as long as it

is brooded in the ashes. Then she devotes herself to nourishing it

judiciously, to render it keen for the moment when it finally should

overcome the obstacles that imprison it and seek to hold it in isolation.

It means, as a matter of fact, that the Son is put en rapport with the

external [Symbol: Mercury], or in other words, that the individual enters

into communion with the collectivity from which he comes.

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INDEX.

A

Abraham, 36

Abudad, 71

Adam, 75

and Eve, 75

Aeson, 10

Affects in dream, 33

Air, 106, 127

Alchemistic, 16

Alchemy, 16, 112

definition, 169

Alum, 144

Amniotic fluid, 103

Anagogic, 241

aspect, 263

Animals, 66, 67

Annihilation, 259

Antæus, 271

Anubis, 77

Anus, 135

Anxiety, 261

in dreams, 48

Apple, 77

Argentum, vivum, 161

Art, hermetic, 16

royal, 16

Askesis, 292

Astral content, 61

Astrology, 176

planets, 267

Astronomical interpretation, 218

Atman, 167

B

Basilisk, 139

Bath, 123

Bear, 66

Beast, 250

Beja, 134

Bhagavad-Gita, 280

Biblical parallels, 163

Bibliography, 427

Birth dreams, 91, 92

phantasy, 107

theories, 76

Bisexual, 131

Black, 131

and death, 102

white and red, 368

Blood, 56, 106, 124, 131

of lion, 212

Blowing, 135

Boehme, J., 170

Bones, 56, 82, 85

Boy, 225

Breaking bones, 85

Bride and bridegroom, 8, 11

Buddha, 211

Building lodges, 176

Bull, 250

C

Cabala, 176, 271

Camel, 66

Carpet, 224

Castration, 201

Catharsis, 377

Celestial Stone, 164

Censor, 24

Chemical science, 150

Christ, 165, 171

Christianity, early, 182

Circle, 185

Circumcision, 162

Cloth, 84

Clouds, 106, 124

Coitus, 99

and grinding, 97

and milling, 77

Color, 136

symbols, 368

“Complexes,” pathogenic, 26

Concentration, 290

Condensation, 31, 239

Confession, 174

Conscience, 155

Cooking, 143

Corruption, 163

Cross, 188

Crystal gazing, 247

D

Dasas, 66

Defecation, 106, 124

Deluge, 105

Dementia precox, 243

Desire, 344

Dew, 106, 124

Diabolic mysticism, 287

Dirt, 90

Dirty feet, 214

work, 90

Dismemberment, 82, 83, 85, 200

Displacements, 31, 51, 55

Distillation, 152

Dogs, 250

Dragon, 51, 128, 143, 200, 211

fight, 85

Dream, 14, 19

and myth, 36

Dreams as wish phantasies, 23

Dream disfigurement, 24

(unction), 305

interpretation, 19

logic of, 22

Dry, 167

Duality, 185

Dying, 298

E

Earth, 94

Education of will, 290

Egg, 116

Egyptian myths, 73

stone, 116

Elders, 7

Emasculation, 74

Ethical gymnastics, 292

Ethics and psychoanalysis, 281

Eve, 75

Examination, 64, 87

dreams, 49

Excreta, 106, 124

Exhibitionism, 57, 104

F

Face, 130

Fairy stories, 36

tales, 246

Fama, 174

Family romance, 85, 109, 217

Father symbols, 60, 70

Feces and gold, 418

Feet, 214

Female and silver, 121

Fermentation, 152

Fire, 104, 130, 187

Flatus, 106

Flood, 105, 201, 320

Fludd, Robert, 175

Flying, 86

Folklore, psychoanalytical interpretation of, 45

Fornication, 97

Forty, 11, 140

Fountains, 89, 95

Four, 187

Freemasonry, 17, 173

origin of, 175

Freud, 19, 23, 34

Frizius, 177

Frog, 225

Function of symbols, 234

G

Gabricum, 134

Garden, 5, 88, 96

Gäyömard, 71

Gestation, 108

Giants, 65

Gold, 149, 209

and offal, 418

and male, 121

and silver, 164

crosser, 174

in alchemy, 113

Graduation dreams, 50

Grand lodge, 193, 200

Grave, 94, 130

Great work, 121

Green, 127

lion, 127

Grinding and coitus, 97

Guild symbolism, 183

H

Hapso, 160

Hat, 87

Hate and love, 217

Head, 130

Hermes, 113

Hermetic, 16, 43

art, 146

interpretation, 119

solution, 17

Hespendis, 128

Hesychiasts, 317

Hieroglyphic solution, 17

Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, 151

Homosexual, 57

component, unconscious, 29

Homosexuality, 29

Homunculus, 124

Horse’s belly, 140

Horus, 79

House, 93

I

Ibn Sina, 121

Imago, 224

Impotence, 65, 87, 90

Impregnation, metals, 121

Incest, 8, 58, 129

Incubus, 65

Indolence, 274

Infantile forms of sexuality, 34

in dream, 34

sexual theories, 76, 143

sexual theories in alchemy, 137

Inquisitioness, 268

Interaction, 121

Intoxication, 250

Into-determination, 233, 241

Introversion, 233, 243

effects of, 269

neuroses, 243

results of, 280

Iranæus, 166

Iranian myths, 71

Isis, 77

J

Jason, 66

Jesus, 165

Joshua, 66

Jumping, 86

Juniper tree, 82

K

Kabala—see Cabala

Kalevala, 81

Key to alchemy, 123

Killing as opposite of procreation, 99

King, 13

Knights of Red Cross, 174

Kronos, 74

Kundalini, 276

L

Latent dream content, 31

Lead, 114, 129, 180

Leade, Jane, 379

Lecanomancy, 247

Left, 52, 86

Libido, 204

Light, 318

Lion fight, 127

Lion, 3, 8, 85

Locked door, 130

Lohengrin, 217

Loss of paradise, 63

Love and hate, 217

Luna, 158

M

Magic, 16

natural, 3

Magician, 288

Magnesia, 122

Mahlen, 99

Maier, Michael, 175

Male and gold, 121

Mandrahe, 144

Man eaters, 65

Manifest dream content, 31

Manure, 107, 124, 140

Marduk, 72

Marriage and milling, 98

Masonic symbolism, 201

Mass, 165

Masters, 115, 146

Masturbation, 88, 89

Meadow of felicity, 2

Mechthildis of Magdeburg, 316

Medea, 10, 128

Medical staff, 129

Mercurius, 131

Mercury, 115, 155

Mill, 7, 97, 98

Mill symbolisms, 99

Miller, 97, 98

Miracles, 224

Mithra, 72

Molere, 99

Moon, 188

Moon spittle, 165

Money, 106, 124

Morality, 290

Moral dispositions, 292

Mother earth, 94

Mucus, 106, 124

Multiple interpretation, 209

Myths, 15, 36, 328

Myth and dream, 36

interpretation, 17, 19

making, 81

Mystes, 373

Mysticism, 18, 164

diabolic, 287

Mystics, 164

N

Nicodemus, 308

Nietzsche, 35

Nine, 108, 124, 130, 189

Number symbolisms, 184

O

Obstruction, 130

Odor, 215

Œdipus complex, 37, 226

myth, 331

Omphalopsychites, 317

One, 185

Opposites, 344

Osiris, 77

Overdetermination, 32

P

Packing, 93

Palingenesis, 142

Parabola, 1

Parable, 14, 19

origin of, 210

psychoanalytic interpretation of, 43

Paracelsus, 117, 138, 171

Paradise, 73

Peacock, 125, 136

Pederasty, 144

Pelican, 213

Pelops, 83

Phallus, 130

Philosopher’s egg, 16

Philosopher’s stone, 114, 126

Planets, 118

Plotinus, 356

Poison, 106, 156

Pordage, 172

Pratum felicitatis, 2, 20, 47

Prima materia, 124, 152

Prison, 133

Procreation, 137

and killing, 99

charms, 99

of metals, 115

Projection, 126

Psychic values, 32

Psychoanalysis, 16, 26

and ethics, 281

Psychic intensities, 33

Psychoanalytic interpretation, 43

Purification, 122

Purple, 127, 136

mantle, 213

Pus, 106, 124

Putrefaction, 124, 163

Q

Queen, 12

Quicksilver, 156

R

Rainbow, 125, 136

Rank, 34, 37

Raven, 125

Rebis, 185, 198

Rectangle, 94

Red, 51, 54, 122, 125, 131

Red Cross Fraternity, 192

Red Roses, 87

Red, white and black, 368

Regeneration, 233, 307

Regression, 34, 245

Rejuvenation, 84

Religious symbols, early, 184

Representability, 31

Repressed impulses, 23

Resistance, 88

Restraint, 86

Retrograde aspect, 263

Revivification, 103, 108, 142

of dead, 81, 82, 83

Ring, 224, 228

Right, 52, 86

Robbery, 259

Rock temples, 183

Rosenkreutz, 192

Roses, 5, 53, 87, 96, 212

Rose crosser, 174

Rosicrucianism, 16, 173

Roskwa, 82

Rotting, 124

Royal art, 195, 393

S

Sacred numbers, 189

Sacrifice, 296, 299

Saints, 264

St. George, 211

Saturn, 158

Salt, 395

Samson, 66

Sankhya, 167

system, 359

Sealine, 164

Secondary elaboration, 31

Secretion symbols, 106, 124

Semen, 106, 124

Seminal fluid, 102, 105

Seminalists, 144

Serpents, 129

Seven, 118, 218, 367

Sewer theory of birth, 91, 92

Sexual curiosity of child, 64

Sexuality, infantile form of, 35

Shooting star, 165

Siddhi, 263, 287

Silver and female, 121

Simpleton, 218

Sister incest, 103

Six, 130, 188, 217, 218

Sloppers, 147

Smaragdine tablet, 147

Snake, 250, 276

Snow, 162

Sodomy, 144

Soma, 97

Soul, 106, 124

Sphinx, 65, 321

Spirit, 106, 124

Spiritual powers, 266

Spittle, 124

Sprouting, 115

Star mucus, 165

semen, 165

Staudenmaier, 272

Stekel, 24, 34

Steps, 300

Stercoralists, 144

Stone, 154, 177

Stools, 106, 124

Stork, 65

Stygian waters, 102

Swallowing, 135

Swan, 125, 217

Symbolism, sexual, 28

Symbolizing, 234

Symbols, 15, 373

Symbol, choice of, 324

transformations, 62

Symbols, development of, 240

formation of, 234

function of, 234

origin of, 374

Symbol-making, 17

Subject, 152

Sublimation, 255, 256

Sulphur, 213, 410

Sun, 7, 149, 318

Superposition, 253

T

Taliesin, 314

Tantalus, 83

Tears, 105, 106, 124

Teeth, 86, 129

Tegid Voel, 309

Theosophic introversions, 286

Theosophy, 176

Thialfi, 82

Three, 185, 227, 218

Three feathers, 217

Thor, 81

Titan motive, 330

Titanic, 27, 31, 37

Titans, 27

Tormenter, 65

Transmutation, 115

Trap door, 225

Trinity, 185

Trituration, 123

Turba, 258

Twelve keys, 194

Two, 185

Two principles, 117

Typhon, 77

U

Unio mystica, 361

Unity, 185

Uranus, 74

Urine, 92, 106, 124

Uterus, 93

Uterus phantasies, 314

V

Vedanta, 299, 357

Vesta festival, 98

W

Wall, 52, 86, 88

Wash, 162

Washing, 123

Water, 95, 96, 161

and procreation, 95

birth, 94

symbols, 102

Wet, 167

Wheels, 102

White, 51, 54, 122, 125

red, black, 368

roses, 87

Will, education of, 290

Wind, 135

Winter, 105

Wirth, O, 407

Wish, fulfillment in dream, 34

phantasies, 23

Womb phantasies, 101, 225

symbols, 133

Worms, 138

Wound of side, 265

Y

Ymir, 71

Yoga, 167, 276, 358

Z

Zinzendorf, 264

Zosimos, 120

Zulu myths of cooking, 143

FOOTNOTES

1 See Translations in the Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series

for this and the other studies cited in this section.

2 Information on this point will be found in Reitzenstein’s

“Poimandres.”

3 Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series. Tr. by Jelliffe.

4 Explained later.

5 Explained later.

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