Munich, April 7, 1874. History painter, pupil of Düsseldorf Academy
under Cornelius, whom he followed in 1825 to Munich and continued
his studies in the Academy there. Though occupied from 1826 with
several great decorative compositions in the Palace, the Odéon, and
the Hofgarten, Munich, he did not really learn to paint until he
went to Rome in 1839. In 1847 he was called to Berlin to decorate
the Treppenhaus (Staircase Hall) of the New Museum, which occupied
him many years; in 1849 appointed director of the Munich Academy. He
was an officer of the L. of Honour, Grand Commander of St. Michael,
Commander of the Order of Francis Joseph, corresponding member of the
Institute of France, and member of several academies. Kaulbach made
many designs for book illustrations, among them those for Reynard
the Fox (1846), Goethe’s Faust, The Gospels, Dance of Death, the
works of Shakespeare and Schiller, and Wagner’s operas. Despite his
mannerisms, he was one of the greatest modern German painters, and
with his master Cornelius represents the new Munich school during
the reign of King Louis of Bavaria. Works: Apollo and the Muses
(1826), Odéon, Munich; Symbolical figures of four Bavarian Rivers,
Bavaria, sixteen wall paintings from Fable of Cupid and Psyche,
Palace of Duke Max, Munich; Insane Asylum, Battle of the Saxons
(1834, cartoon), Battle of the Huns (1835–37, cartoon), Raczynski
Gallery, Berlin; Destruction of Jerusalem (1838, cartoon) (1842–47,
in oil), New Pinakothek, Munich; Deliverance of Holy Sepulchre by
the Crusaders; Christ in Purgatory; Anacreon and his Love, Villa
Rosenstein, near Stuttgart; Artist’s portrait from Masquerade
Festival in 1840, Germanic Museum, Nuremberg; Life-size Group
after Goethe’s Elegies, National Museum, Pesth; Wall paintings in
Treppenhaus, Berlin Museum: _Fall_ of Babel, _Homer_ and the Greeks,
Destruction of _Jerusalem_, The _Crusaders_, Battle of the _Huns_,
The _Reformation_, and connecting figures (1847–65); Apotheosis of
a Good King (1851), Schleissheim Gallery; The Saga (1852), Shepherd
Boy in Rome, Raczynski Gallery, Berlin; Oil Sketches (19) for Frescos
(executed on outside of Pinakothek by Nilson and Barth) representing
Development of Modern Art in Munich, Portrait of King Louis I. of
Bavaria (Sketch, 1843), Portraits of the Painters Heinlein and Monten
(1840), New Pinakothek, Munich; Battle of Salamis, Stuttgart Museum;
Portrait of Louis I. of Bavaria, Pennsylvania Academy, Philadelphia;
Otto III. in the Tomb of Charlemagne (fresco), Nuremberg Museum;
Meeting of Charlemagne and Wittikind, Assassination of Cæsar
(cartoon), Battle of _Salamis_, Maximilianeum, Munich; _Nero_
persecuting the Christians; Peter Arbues--the German Michael; _Cupid_
and Psyche, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York; _Charity_, H. Probasco,
Cincinnati.--Allgem. d. Biogr, xv. 478; Art Journal (1865), 365;
Brockhaus, x. 202; Dioskuren, 1865; Illust. Zeitg. (1872), i. 31;
(1874), i. 9, 331; (1876), i. 310; Kugler, kl. Schriften, iii. 278,
421, 549; Kunst-Chronik, vii. 356; viii. 544; ix. 425; Mitterbacher,
Kaulbach’s Nero; Pecht, ii. 54; Perrier, Études, 266; Rosetti, F. A,
123; Reber, ii. 60, 186; Regnet, i. 212; Schasler, D. Wandgemälde W.
v. K’s.; Land und Meer (1874), i. 15; ii. 751; Woltmann, Aus vier
Jahrhunderten, 288; Proceedings Amer. Acad., viii. 239; Zeitschr. f.
b. K., i. 37, 118; v. 129; xi. 257.
KEHREN, JOSEF, born at Hülchrath, Duchy of Berg, May 30, 1817, died
in Düsseldorf, May 12, 1880. History painter, pupil of the Düsseldorf
Academy, where he was Schadow’s assistant. In 1839 he produced his
first independent work, and afterwards assisted artist friends in
the execution of frescos, viz.: Stilke at Burg Stolzenfels in 1846,
Müller in St. Apollinaris Church, Remagen, and Rethel in the cycle
from the life of Charlemagne in the City Hall at Aix-la-Chapelle,
which he completed (1862) after Rethel became insane (1852). Works:
St. Agnes, Count Trips (1839); St. Hubert (1841); Madonna (1842)
Church at Wevelinghofen; Christ and Peter (1844); Loreley (1847);
Joseph discovering himself to his Brethren (1849), Miss Mason, New
York; Christ and Disciples at Emmaus (1852); Good Shepherd, Christ
Crucified, Mater Dolorosa (1872); Saul beside Body of St. Stephen
(1873, cartoon).--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 528; Förster, v. 384;
Kunstbl. (1854), 371; (1857), 43; (1858), 56; Kunst-Chronik, xv. 624;
Wolfgang Müller, Düsseldorfer K., 55; Wiegmann, 175.
[Illustration: Initials]
KEIRINCX (Kerrincx, Kierings), ALEXANDER, born in Antwerp, Jan.
23, 1600, died in Amsterdam after 1652. Flemish school; landscape
painter, Master of Antwerp guild in 1619, bought freedom of
Amsterdam, January 30, 1652, probably lived for some time at Utrecht,
and is not, as heretofore reported by Dutch writers, identical
with Jacob Keerincx who went to England to paint for Charles I.
castles and landscapes in Scotland. Poelenburg often supplied the
figures in his pictures. Works: Forest (1629), Hague Museum; do.
(1630), Rotterdam Museum; Landscape with Flight into Egypt, Basle
Museum; Temple Ruins, Leipsic Museum; Temptation of Christ (1636),
Schleissheim Gallery; Landscapes in galleries at Aschaffenburg,
Augsburg (3), Copenhagen (3, one dated 1630), Schwerin (2), in
museums at Boston, Brunswick (3, two dated 1621, 1640), Cologne,
Darmstadt, Dresden (4, one dated 1620), and Stockholm; in Old
Pinakothek, Munich (1631), Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna, and
Hermitage, St. Petersburg (2).--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 539; Kramm,
iii. 842; Riegel, Beiträge, i. 89; ii. 162, 176; Van den Branden,
1059.
[Illustration: Bust]
KELLER, ALBERT, born at Gais, Switzerland, April 27, 1844. Genre
painter, pupil of Munich Academy under Lenbach, then under Ramberg,
whose most gifted scholar he was; studied the old masters, and
visited Italy, France, England, and Holland. Medal, Vienna, 1873.
Works: The Tipplers (1869); Audience of Louis XV. (1871); Chopin
(1873); Sylvan Solitude, Temptation (1876); Rendezvous; Lady in Ball
Toilet, Souvenir (1877); A Roman Bath; Empress Faustina in the Temple
of Juno at Praeneste; Rising of Tabea, Judgment of Paris (1885).--D.
illustr. Zeitg. (1885), i. 151; Leixner, Mod. K., i. 106.
[Illustration: Bust]
KELLER, FERDINAND, born in Carlsruhe, Aug. 5, 1842. Landscape,
history, portrait, and genre painter, pupil of Carlsruhe Art School
under Schirmer, then of Canon; visited, in 1866, and later, France
and Italy. In 1858 he accompanied his father and brother to Brazil,
whence he brought studies for his tropical landscapes. His first
historical painting, the Death of Philip II., exhibited in Paris
in 1867, excited general admiration, and won the first prize at
Rio Janeiro. Professor and, since 1880, director of Carlsruhe Art
School. Medal, Vienna, 1873. Works: From the Primeval Forest; Bay of
Rio de Janeiro; Alchymist; Carrier-Pigeon; Nero at Conflagration of
Rome (1873); Lohengrin and Telramund; Scene in Marriage of Figaro;
Humboldt on the Orinoco (1875); Sketch for Curtain in Royal Theatre
(1875), Dresden Museum; Entombment; Victory of Margrave Louis William
of Baden at Salankemen in 1691, Carlsruhe Gallery; Hero and Leander
(1880); Portrait of Grandduchess of Oldenburg and little Daughter
(1884). Fresco, Annunciation (1870), Jesuit Church, Heidelberg;
Classic and Romantic Art and Science (1885), cycle in staircase of
United Collections at Carlsruhe.--Kunst-Chronik, x. 580; xx. 657;
Kunst. f. Alle, i. 163; Müller, 295; Illustr. Zeitg. (1874), i. 207;
(1875), i. 13, 47; (1881), ii. 368; Land und Meer (1878), i. 251.
KELLERHOVEN, MORITZ, born at Altenrath, Duchy of Berg, in 1758,
died in Munich in 1830. Portrait painter, studied in Düsseldorf
under Krahe, and in Antwerp; went to Vienna in 1779, and to Italy
in 1782. Made court-painter in 1784 to the Elector Charles Theodor
in Munich, and first professor at the reorganized Academy there, in
1808. Works: Max I. of Bavaria, Munich University; Gustavus Adolphus
IV. of Sweden, and his Queen; Archduke Charles of Austria; Crown
Prince Ludwig; Augusta Amalia von Leuchtenberg; Bishop von Streber;
Archbishop von Gebsattel; Last Abbot of Steingaden, New Pinakothek,
Munich; Portrait of a Singer, do. of a Prelate, Schleissheim
Gallery.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 584; Cotta’s Kunstblatt (1831), 173;
Nagler, vi. 553.
KELS, FRANZ, born at Derendorf, Westphalia, in 1828. Genre painter,
pupil of Düsseldorf Academy. Works: Girl with Goat (1849); Peasant
Woman with Child before Madonna (1852); Westphalian Peasant Wedding
(1856); Domestic Happiness (1857); Spring Offering (1860); Apple
Harvest (1862); Girls at the Brook.--D. Kunstbl. (1856), 405; (1857),
18; Müller, 296.
[Illustration: Bust]
KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK, born in Cheshire, Conn., March 22, 1818,
died in New York, Dec. 16, 1872. Landscape painter; after studying
engraving under Daggett, he spent seven years abroad (1840–47),
painting in England, Rome, Naples, Switzerland, on the Rhine, and
among the Italian lakes. First exhibited at Royal Academy, London, in
1845. Elected N.A. in New York, in 1849. In 1859, appointed member
of the commission to superintend the decoration of the Capitol
at Washington. Professional life spent in New York. Works: Mount
Washington from North Conway (1849); Sketch of Mount Washington
(1851), High Bank on Genesee River (1857), _October_ Afternoon
(1864), Corcoran Gallery, Washington; Franconia Mountains (1853);
Sunset on the Coast (1858); Sunset in the Adirondacks (1860);
Twenty-four Landscapes and Sea Views, New York Museum; Noon on the
Seashore (engraved by S. V. Hunt); Bashbish; Lake Conesus (Robert
Hoe, New York), Coast of Massachusetts (S. Gandy, ib.), Glimpse of
the White Mountains (1867); New Hampshire Scenery, Century Club, New
York; Afternoon on the Connecticut Shore, John Taylor Johnston sale,
ib., 1877; _Lake_ George, Morris K. Jesup, ib.; Narragansett; From
the Meadows at Cold Spring; Bass Rock--Newport; Italian Lake, J. W.
Drexel, New York; Landscape, R. L. Kennedy, ib.; On the Thames, J. W.
McCoy, Baltimore; Sunset, C. C. Perkins, Boston.
KENT, WILLIAM, born in Yorkshire in 1685, died in London, April 12,
1748. Portrait and decoration painter; went about 1704 to London,
and in 1710 to Rome, where he gained a second-class medal. After a
second journey to Rome he settled in London, under the patronage of
Lord Burlington. He decorated Wanstead House, Rainham, and painted
several ceilings for Sir Robert Walpole at Hampton, but is best
known as the architect of Devonshire House, Piccadilly; the Earl of
Yarborough’s house, Arlington Street; the Horse Guards, Whitehall,
and other buildings. He was a weak man and was caricatured by
Hogarth, but had considerable influence on the taste of his day and
held the appointment of master carpenter, architect, keeper of the
pictures, and principal painter to the Crown. In Hampton Court Palace
are pictures by him of the Interview and Marriage of Henry V. and
Princess Catherine.--Redgrave; F. de Conches, 90.
KERCKHOVE, JOSEPH VAN DEN, born in Bruges, May 4, 1667, died there,
Aug. 8, 1724. Flemish school; history and portrait painter, pupil
at Bruges of Jan van Meunincxhove, then at Antwerp of Jan Erasmus
Quellin. Perfected himself on a journey through France, lived for
some time in Paris, and on his return founded with Duvenede the
Bruges Academy, of which he was appointed the first professor.
Painted for churches and public buildings many historical pictures,
distinguished for good composition and colouring and knowledge of
architecture and perspective. Works: Assembly of the Gods, Town Hall,
Bruges; St. Catherine of Siena (1716), Academy, ib.--Immerzeel, ii.
102; Nagler, vi. 559; Weale, Cat., 90.
KERKHOVE, FRITZ VAN DE, born at Bruges in Oct., 1862, died there,
Aug. 12, 1873. Landscape painter. This phenomenal child began to
paint, at the age of seven, landscapes on a diminutive scale, of
which about 350 were exhibited in the great cities of Europe, calling
forth a protracted controversy among the art-critics as to their
authenticity.--Siret, L’enfant de Bruges (Paris, 1876).
KERN, ANTON, born at Tetschen, Bohemia, in 1710, died in Dresden,
June 8, 1747. German school; history painter, pupil in Dresden of
Rossi, then for seven years in Venice of Pittoni; returned to Dresden
a finished artist, went to Rome in 1738, and was made court-painter
to Augustus III. in 1741. Works: St. John Nepomuk, St. Joseph, St.
Barbara, Trinity, St. John Evangelist, all in churches near Tetschen;
St. Apollonia; St. Barbara; St. Augustin, Abbey of Strahow, Prague;
Adoration of the Magi, Circumcision, Mary the Virgin at the Cradle,
St. Magdalen, Holy Family, Christ in the Temple, Czernin Gallery;
Trinity, Prague Gallery; St. Hubert; Alexander and Diogenes; Rachel
and Jacob; Rebecca and Eleazar; Fair Flower Girl; Four Seasons; St.
Sebastian Dying, Darmstadt Museum; Massacre of Innocents, Dresden
Gallery.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 630; Wurzbach, xi. 184.
KERRICX, WILLEM IGNATIUS, born in Antwerp, baptized April 22, 1682,
died there, buried Jan. 7, 1745. Flemish school; history painter,
son of the sculptor Willem Kerricx, and pupil of Godefroid Maes,
the younger. He became master of the guild in 1703, and painted
several excellent altarpieces. Was also a sculptor, architect, and
play-writer. Works: St. Luke, Adoration of the Lamb, Passover in
Egypt, Antwerp Museum.--Cat. du Musée d’Anvers (1874), 225; Kramm,
iii. 850; Rooses (Reber), 439; Van den Branden, 1169.
[Illustration: Signature]
KESSEL, FERDINAND VAN, born at Antwerp, April 7, 1648, died at Breda
in 1696. Flemish school; landscape, animal, and still-life painter,
son and pupil of Jan van Kessel, the elder, whose style he followed.
He also undertook to paint large historical subjects, as the Battle
of Choczim, 1673, for the parish church at Zolkiew, Galicia, by
order of King John Sobieski, who took this artist into great favour
and for whose Cabinet he painted the Four Elements and the Four
Continents, and after both perished in the flames, repeated them on
a grander scale. Left Antwerp before 1688, and settled at Breda,
where he painted for King William III. Works: Birds (miniature), Duke
of Devonshire, Chatsworth; Group of Animals, Ghent Museum; Cats’
Barber-shop, Monkeys Smoking, Vienna Museum.--Engerth, Belvedere
Gal., ii. 220; Kramm, iii. 851; Van den Branden, 1101.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signature]
KESSEL, JAN VAN, the elder, born in Antwerp, April 5, 1626, died
there, April 17, 1679. Flemish school; flower, fruit, and animal
painter, son of Jeroom van Kessel, pupil of Simon de Vos and of
Jan Brueghel, the younger; master of the guild in 1644. Works:
Garland around Holy Family, Louvre; Fruit-piece (1653), Bordeaux
Museum; Concert of Birds, Antwerp Museum; do., and Fable of Fox
and Stork (1661), Baron de Pret-Thuret, Antwerp; Landscape, Hague
Museum; Bacchanale in a Landscape, Brunswick Museum; Garland with
Insects, etc. (1653); Rabbits by Vegetables, etc., Augsburg Gallery;
Fruitseller in his Booth, Copenhagen Gallery; Fruits and Lobsters,
etc. (1654, by Jeroom ?), Dresden Museum; Madonna in a Niche,
Germanic Museum, Nuremberg; America (1666), Europe (1664), Africa,
Asia, Schleissheim Gallery; Cats’ Barber-Shop, Monkeys playing
at Draughts, Schwerin Gallery; Birds and small Animals, Weapons,
Kettle-drum, etc., Stockholm Museum; Landscapes (2), Stuttgart
Museum; Boar-Hunt, Bear and Snake, Landscape with Birds, do. with
Fox and Stork, Vienna Museum; Garland around Infant Jesus and St.
John (figures by Van Thulden), Madrid Museum; Fish, Fish and Fruits,
do. with Three Infants, Studio of a Naturalist (1660), Fruits and
Vegetables in Baskets, Uffizi, Florence; Fruits and Flowers (2),
Naples Museum.--Ch. Blanc, École flamande; Cat. du Mus. d’Anvers
(1874), 476; Engerth, Belvedere Galerie, ii. 221; Immerzeel, ii. 103;
Kramm, iii. 852; Riegel, Beiträge, ii. 124; Rooses (Reber), 426; Van
den Branden, 1098.
KESSEL, JAN VAN, the younger, born in Antwerp, Nov. 23, 1654, died in
Madrid in 1708. Flemish school; history and portrait painter, son and
pupil of Jan the elder; went to Madrid in 1680; made court-painter
to Charles II., 1686. Works: Portrait of Philip IV., Madrid Museum;
History of Psyche, Landscapes, Alcazar, Madrid; Two Dwarfs with Dog,
Raczynski Gallery, Berlin.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 654; Kramm, iii.
852; Van den Branden, 1104.
KESSEL, JAN VAN, born in Amsterdam in 1641 or 1642, died there,
buried Dec. 24, 1690. Dutch school; landscape painter, who in feeling
and clearness of colouring approaches Jacob Ruisdael, of whom some
call him a pupil. Particularly successful in winter landscapes;
painted also views of Amsterdam. Works: Northbrook Collection,
London; Forest, Torrent, Amsterdam Museum; View near Haarlem, Sluice
at Haarlem, Rotterdam Museum; Landscapes in Antwerp and Darmstadt
Museums, Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Old Pinakothek, Munich (1661); View of
Haarlem, Cassel Gallery; Canal of Haarlem, New York Museum.--Kugler
(Crowe), ii. 480; Immerzeel, ii. 104; Burger, Musées, ii. 290.
KESSEL, JAN THOMAS VAN, born at Antwerp, Sept. 10, 1677, died
there in 1741. Flemish school; genre painter, nephew and pupil of
Ferdinand van Kessel, having first been apprenticed with Peter Ykens;
adopted the style of David Teniers; went early to Paris, where he
acquired reputation by his village festivals, but on succeeding to
his uncle’s property fell into dissipation, and died in want. In
1704 he went to Antwerp to buy his mastership. Works: Accessories
around “Soap-Bubbles” by Teniers, Louvre, Paris; Guard Room, Sense
of Smelling, Lille Museum.--Van den Branden, 1103; Gaz. des B. Arts
(1873), i. 316.
KESSEL, JEROOM VAN, born at Antwerp, baptized Oct. 6, 1578, died
after 1636. Portrait, animal, and still-life painter, pupil of
Cornelis Floris; worked from about 1606 in different cities of
Germany (Frankfort, Augsburg, Strassburg), and was in great favor
with the Archduke Maximilian of Austria, who employed him several
years; registered as master in Cologne in 1615, and still worked
there in 1620; master of the guild at Antwerp in 1622. He supplied
birds and animals in the landscapes of Jan (Velvet) Brueghel, and
married his daughter. Works: Male Portrait (1620), Merlo Collection,
Cologne; Fruits with Lobster, etc. (1634 or 1654, attributed to
Jan, the elder), Dresden Museum; Family Group (1613), Germanic
Museum, Nuremberg; Male and Female Portrait (1618), Schleissheim
Gallery.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 653; Merlo, Nachrichten, 237; Van
den Branden, 1097.
KESSLER, AUGUST, born at Tilsit in 1826. Landscape painter, pupil
of Düsseldorf Academy; settled afterwards in Düsseldorf. Works:
Morning in the Woods (1846); Evening in Rocky Valley (1847); Evening
Landscape in the Rain (1848); Summer Landscape (1849); Approaching
Storm (1848); do. (1852); Morning in Bavarian Alps (1860); View
near Wallensee--Switzerland (1861); Landscape in Bavarian High Alps
(1862); Approaching Storm (1863); Wood Landscape (1865); On Brienz
Lake; View on the Upper Ruhr; Beech-Wood; Ravine with Fir-Trees;
View on Gelmer Lake in Switzerland; View on Bernina Glacier; Swiss
Landscape (1874); Hintersee in Thunder Storm (1879).--Müller, 297;
Wolfg. Müller, Düsseldf. K, 330; Zeitschr. f. b. K. (1869), (1873).
KESSLER, FRANZ, flourished in Cologne about 1615–29. German school;
portrait painter, probably pupil of Geldorp; was registered in the
Cologne guild in 1615, and travelled in 1620–24. Works: Portrait of a
Man with Embroidered Doublet (1621); Female Portrait (1621), Cologne
Museum; Portrait of Ægidius Gelenius (1628); Male Portrait, National
Gallery, Pesth; Portrait of a Man with Long Beard (1629), Merlo
Collection, Cologne.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 655; Merlo, 237.
[Illustration: Bust]
KETEL, CORNELIS, born at Gouda, March 15, 1548, died at Amsterdam,
buried Aug. 8, 1616. Dutch school; portrait painter, pupil
of Anthonie van Montfoort in Delft, thence went to Paris and
Fontainebleau. Having returned to Gouda he went to London in 1573,
painted Queen Elizabeth (1578), various personages of her court,
and an allegory. After his return to Amsterdam in 1581, he executed
several archery pieces which were distinguished for their tasteful
arrangement, likeness of the heads, and fine and powerful colouring.
Works: Portraits of Burgomaster Jacob Bas and Wife, Museum,
Amsterdam; Twelve Archers with their Captain (1588), City Hall,
ib.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 664; Immerzeel, ii. 105; Kramm, iii. 856;
Nagler, Mon., ii. 102.
KEULEN. See _Ceulen_.
KEY, ADRIAAN THOMASZ, flourished in Antwerp in 1544–90. Flemish
school; history and portrait painter, nephew of Willem Key, pupil of
Jan Hack; master of Antwerp guild in 1568. Works: Two altar-wings
with Last Supper, and portrait of Donors (1575), Museum, Antwerp;
Female Portrait, Van Lerius Collection, ib.; Male do. (1672), Vienna
Museum.--Engerth, Belvedere Gal., ii. 222; Immerzeel, ii. 106; Kramm,
iii. 859; Nagler, Mon., i. 357; Riegel, Beiträge, i. 28; ii. 25;
Rooses (Reber), 110; Van den Branden, 271.
KEY, WILLEM, born at Breda about 1520, died at Antwerp, June 5,
1568. Flemish school; history and portrait painter, pupil of Lambert
Lombard at Liège; went to Antwerp, where he became master of the
guild in 1542, and dean of the academy in 1552. He was the first
portrait painter of prominence at Antwerp after Quinten Massys
and Joos van Cleve, and was called to Brussels to paint Cardinal
Granvella and the Duke of Alva; while painting the latter’s portrait
he accidentally overheard a conversation regarding the death sentence
of Count Egmont, from which his nerves received such a shock that
he died on the day of Egmont’s execution. Works: Entombment, Six
Collection, Amsterdam; Elderly Man’s Portrait, A Knight of Malta,
Portrait of Gillis Mostaert, Vienna Museum; Male Portrait, Hermitage,
St. Petersburg.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 692; Engerth, Belvedere,
Gal., ii. 224; Van den Branden, 267.
[Illustration: Bust]
KEYSER, NICAISE DE, born at Sandvliet, near Antwerp, Aug. 26, 1813.
History and genre painter, pupil of Joseph Jacops (born in 1803),
and of Antwerp Academy under M. J. van Bree; completed his studies
in travels through Italy, France, Germany, and England; painted at
first biblical subjects, then acquired reputation with battle-pieces,
and finally took up historical genre. Medals: Great Gold Medal,
Brussels, 1836; Paris, 2d class, 1840, and medals at almost all
exhibitions in Belgium and Holland; Order of Leopold, 1839; Officer,
1855; Bavarian Order of St. Michael, 1851; Order of Lion, 1844;
Commander of Order of Oaken Crown, 1857; Swedish Order of the Polar
Star; Würtemberg Crown Order; L. of Honour, 1862. Member of Brussels
(1845) and several other academies. Having settled at The Hague after
1845, he successfully represented the National Dutch art-faction in
opposition to Baron Wappers, Director of the Antwerp Academy, whom
he succeeded in that position in 1855. Works: Filial Love (1833);
Crucifixion (1834); St. Dominick receiving the Rosary (1835); Battle
of the Golden Spurs in 1302 (1836), Courtray Museum; The Holy Women
at Christ’s Tomb (1836); Battle of Woeringen in 1288 (1839), Brussels
Museum; Roman Pifferari at Siesta (1840), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Monk
sitting at Alms Box in a Cloister (1841), New Pinakothek, Munich;
Pietà, Return from Madonna Festival near Naples, Hans Memling in St.
John’s Hospital at Bruges (1841); The Antiquary (after Walter Scott);
The Smith of Naarden; Italian Robber in Prison preparing for Death;
Battle of Nieuport (1844), Battle of Séneffe, King of Holland; Peter
of Amiens preaching the First Crusade in 1093 (1845); The Giaour,
Death of Maria de _Medici_ (1845), National Gallery, Berlin; Rubens
painting the Chapeau de Paille (1847), Margaret of Austria and Maria
of Burgundy visiting Memling at Bruges, Royal Palace, ib.; Daughter
of Jairus, East and West, King of Würtemberg; Episode in Massacre of
the Innocents (1855), Ghent Museum; Elizabeth of Hungary distributing
Alms, The Giaour, Marino Falieri, Milton dictating Paradise Lost,
Dante at the Convent-gate, Last Moments of Karl Maria von Weber
(last three, 1858), King of Belgium; Francis I. visiting Benvenuto
Cellini’s Workshop, Museum Fodor, Amsterdam; Albert and Isabella
attending Lecture by Justus Lipsius at Louvain, Baron van Heeckeren,
The Hague; Columbus with his Son leaving Barcelona; Tasso in Prison;
Dante in the Studio of Giotto; Invention of Plastic Arts; Charlemagne
weeping at Sight of Norman Ships; Entombment (1860); Caritas;
Charles V. after Taking of Tunis delivering Christian Slaves, Lady’s
Portrait (1862), Antwerp Museum; Portraits of King Leopold I. and
Queen Louise, Senate Chamber, Brussels; Fresco, Development of Art in
Brabant (1864–66), Vestibule, Antwerp Museum.--Art Journal (1866),
5; Immerzeel, ii. 108; Journal des B. Arts (1865), 119; (1872), 174,
191; Kramm, iii. 865; vii. 94; Larousse, ix. 1198; Messager des
sciences, etc. (1837), i.; Riegel, Wandmalerei, 73; Soust, L’école
d’Anvers en 1858, 28; Vlaamsche school (1855), 49, 58.
[Illustration: Initials]
KEYSER, THOMAS DE, born in Amsterdam in 1596 or 1597, died there,
buried Nov. 19, 1679. Dutch school, history, genre, and portrait
painter; his small pictures are very characteristic, but the large
ones less original. His portraits, which are truthful, and of warm
clear colouring, appear to have influenced Rembrandt when the
latter came to Amsterdam in 1631. Works: Merchant and Clerk (1627),
National Gallery, London; Male Portrait (1631), Versailles Museum;
Female Portraits (2), Brussels Museum; Family Group, Admiral Hein,
do. and Family, Pieter Schout (1666), Marten Rey and Wife (1627),
Museum, Amsterdam; Anatomy Lesson (1619), Members of Civic Guard
(1633), Theseus and Ariadne, City Hall, ib.; Portrait of Claes
Fabricius (1629), Haarlem Museum; Portrait of a Magistrate (1631),
Four Burgomasters of Amsterdam (1638), Hague Museum; Family Group,
Old Man and Son, Old Lady and Daughter (1628), Portrait of Cornelis
de Graef, do. of Catarina Hooft, Berlin Museum; Portrait of Man and
Wife, Copenhagen Gallery; Male and Female Portrait (1647), Darmstadt
Museum; Two Cavaliers on Horseback, Dresden Museum; Family Group in a
Landscape, Gotha Museum; Young Man’s Portrait, Kunsthalle, Hamburg;
Clerk explaining Accounts to Lady (1650), Old Pinakothek, Munich;
Married Couple in a Park, Schwerin Gallery; Male Portrait, Oldenburg
Gallery; do. (1632), Hermitage, St. Petersburg; do., Liechtenstein
Gallery, Vienna.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 694; L’Art (1877), ii. 77;
Burger, Musées, i. 231; Immerzeel, ii. 107; Kramm, iii. 869; Kugler
(Crowe), ii. 357; Nagler, Mon., v. 125; Riegel, Beiträge, i. 146,
152; Stuers, 61.