Varley, and in 1845 of the Royal Academy, where he exhibited his
first picture, Hark! in 1846. In 1849 he took his stand with Millais
and others of the so-called Pre-Raphaelites, and has since been one
of the most earnest apostles of that school of painting. In 1854–55
he visited Egypt and Syria, and has since spent much time in the
East, especially in Jerusalem, where several of his pictures were
painted. Works: Little Nell and her Grandfather, Dr. Rochcliffe
performing Divine Service in Cottage of Jocelyn Joliffe (1847);
Flight of Madelaine and Porphyro (1848); _Rienzi_ vowing to avenge
his Brother’s Death (1849); Converted British Family sheltering a
Christian Missionary from Druids (1850); Valentine rescuing Sylvia
(1851); Hireling Shepherd (1852); Claudio and Isabella, Our English
Coasts (1853); Awakened Conscience, _Light_ of the World (1854);
Scapegoat, Finding of the _Saviour_ in the Temple (1860); King of
Hearts (1863); Afterglow in Egypt (1865); London Bridge on the Entry
of Princess Alexandra, _Isabella_ and the Pot of Basil (1868);
_Shadow_ of Death (1873), Manchester Art Gallery; Flight into Egypt,
Italian Child, Plains of Esdraelon, Street Scene near Cairo (1877);
The Ship (1878); Miss Flamborough (1882); Portrait of Dante Gabriel
Rossetti (1884); Bride of Bethlehem, _Triumph_ of the Innocents
(1885).--Portfolio (1871), 34; Art Journal (1860), 158, 182;
Rossetti, Fine Art, 233.
[Illustration: Bust]
HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS, born in Brattleborough, Vt., March 31, 1824,
died at the Isles of Shoals, Sept. 8, 1879. Portrait, landscape, and
figure painter; studied at the Royal Academy, Düsseldorf, in 1846,
with the intention of becoming a sculptor. Nine months later became
the pupil for a short time of Couture in Paris, after which he went
to Barbizon to study with Millet, who influenced his work through
life. In 1855 returned to the United States, opened a studio in
Newport, and a little later settled permanently in Boston, where he
had many scholars. Visited Paris in 1867. Works: Head of a Jewess;
Priscilla, Thomas Wigglesworth, Boston; Farmer’s Return (1849);
Sheep Shearing at Barbizon; Fortune-Teller; Prodigal Son; Girl with
a Kitten; Girl Reading; Girl Spinning; Violet Girl; Marguerite;
Hurdy-Gurdy Boy; Drummer-Boy (1861); Bugle-Call (1864); Gloucester
Harbour; Newton Lower Falls; Coast Scene at Magnolia--Mass.; Dead in
the Snow; The Lambs, Mrs. G. W. Long. Portraits: Chief Justice Shaw,
Essex County Bar; Allan Wardner; Horace Gray (1865), Chief Justice
Gray; Mrs. S. G. Ward (1867); of the Artist (1879), Peter C. Brooks,
Jr.; of his Wife; Mrs. Charles Francis Adams; Mrs. G. W. Long; Wm.
H. Gardiner; Hon. W. M. Evarts, Miss Mason. The Flight of _Night_,
and the _Discoverer_, mural decorations in the Capitol at Albany
(1878).--Am. Art Rev. (1880), 49, 93; Tuckerman, 447; Talks on Art,
by W.M.H., edited by Helen M. Knowlton, two series (Boston, 1875,
1882).
[Illustration: Bust]
HÜNTEN, EMIL JOHANNES, born in Paris, Jan. 19, 1827. Battle painter,
pupil of Flandrin and of École des Beaux Arts under Vernet, then in
Antwerp under Wappers and Dyckmans; settled (1851) in Düsseldorf,
and became a pupil of Camphausen. In 1864 he accompanied the army
during part of the winter campaign in Schleswig, and the Army of
the Main in 1866; in 1870–71 he visited many of the battle-fields
in France. Medals in Berlin (1872), Vienna (1873). Member of Berlin
Academy since 1878. Works: Prussian Cuirassiers dashing over a Bridge
(1852–53); Skirmish near Hennersdorf (1855); Skirmish at Reichenbach
(1856), Provinzial Museum, Hanover; Battle of Zorndorf (1858);
Patrol of Cuirassiers, General von Nostitz at Oeversee, Austrian
Officer with Flag of Truce, Storming Düppel Earthworks (1865);
Reconnoitring at Sadowa (1866); Episode from Battle of Crefeld,
Blücher, Kiel Gallery; From the Time of Frederic the Great, Stettin
Museum; Skirmish of Patrol near Thorstedt; Prussian Hussars against
Danish Dragoons; Cavalry Fight near Elsasshausen (1877), National
Gallery, Berlin; Guard-Dragoons at Mars-la-Tour; Engagement near St.
Privat; Chasseurs d’Afrique at Sedan; Episode from Fall Manœuvres
on the Rhine (1879); Battle near Loigny, 1870 (1882), Bremen
Gallery.--Müller, 272.
HÜNTEN, FRANZ, born in Hamburg in 1822. Marine painter, pupil of
Düsseldorf Academy under Schirmer, and studied from nature on the
coasts of Holland, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway,
Italy, and the Levant. Works: Shipwreck on Coast of Scotland (1870),
Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Surge on Norwegian Coast, Schwerin Gallery.
[Illustration: Bust]
HUNTER, COLIN, born in Glasgow in 1842. Marine painter, self-taught;
worked for several years in Glasgow, but now resides in London.
Exhibits chiefly at Royal Academy and Royal Scottish Academy. Elected
an A.R.A. in 1883. He is one of the best living painters of water
in motion. Visited America in 1884 to study Niagara Falls. Works:
Herring Trawling (1872), Mr. Arthur Lewis, Moray Lodge; Trawlers
waiting for Darkness (1873), Philadelphia Exposition, 1876, Paris,
1878, Alexander Stevenson, Tynemouth; Salmon Stake-Nets (1874),
Sidney Gallery, Australia; Stitch in Time, Daily Bread (1877); Stores
for the Cabin (1878); Lee Shore, Village of Aroch (1879); Their Only
Harvest (1879), purchased by Royal Academy; The Silver of the Sea
(1880), Sir Donald Currie; In the Gloaming (1881); Mussel Gatherers,
G. C. Schwabe, Henley-on-Thames; The Island Harvest, Waiting for
the Homeward-Bound (1882); Lobster Fishers (1883); A Pebbled Shore
(1883), Wm. Pearce, Glasgow; Summer Twilight, As they roar on the
Shore, The First Arrivals, Herring Market at Sea (1884); Rapids of
Niagara (1885).
[Illustration: Bust]
HUNTINGTON, DANIEL, born in New York, Oct. 14, 1816. Portrait and
genre painter, pupil of Professor Morse in 1835, later of Inman.
Visited Europe in 1839, and again in 1844, painting some of his most
important works in Florence and Rome. Elected an A.N.A. in 1839
and N.A. in 1840. President of the National Academy in 1862, 1869,
and 1877, and still holds the office. Studio in New York. Works:
Florentine Girl, Early Christian Prisoners (1839); Shepherd Boy
(1840); Black Penitents, Sacred Lesson (1844); Woodland Scene, Coast
near Newport, Swiss Lake, Christiana and her Children, _Mercy’s_
Dream (1850), Corcoran Gallery, Washington; replica, Pennsylvania
Academy, Philadelphia; Piety and Folly, Henry VIII. and Catherine
Parr (1850); Chocorua (1860), Mrs. R. L. Stuart, New York; Venice,
J. P. Morgan, ib.; Study in the Woods, C. P. Huntington, ib.; St.
Jerome, T. B. Clarke, ib.; The Sibyl, Historical Society, ib.; Juliet
on the Balcony (1870); Titian, Clement VII. and Charles V. at Bologna
(1874); _Republican_ Court (1876), A. T. Stewart Collection, New
York; Philosophy and Christian Art (1878); Goldsmith’s Daughter, Lady
in White and Red (1884). Portraits: Presidents Lincoln (Union League
Club, New York) and Van Buren (State Library, Albany); Governor E.
D. Morgan; Wm. E. Dodge; Chancellor Ferris, New York University; Mr.
and Mrs. Tayloe, Corcoran Gallery, Washington; James Lenox; John
Taylor Johnston; Bishop Whipple; Rev. Morgan Dix; Bishop Potter;
Commodore Stringham; Judge Blatchford (1879), U. S. District Court;
Sir Charles Eastlake, Earl of Carlisle, General John A. Dix (1880),
Historical Society, New York; Hon. John Sherman (1881), Chamber of
Commerce, ib.; Rev. Dr. Adams (1883), Union Theological Seminary;
Hon. R. C. Winthrop, U. S. Congress; Julius Hallgarten, founder of
the Hallgarten Prizes (1884), National Academy, New York; Professor
Edward North (1885).--Am. Art Rev. (1881), 223; Tuckerman, 321.
HUNTSMAN, SLEEPING (Chasseur endormi), Gabriel _Metsu_, Sir Richard
Wallace, Hertford House, London; wood, H. 1 ft. 3 in. × 1 ft. 1 in.
A tired and sleeping huntsman in front of an inn, the host of which
is disencumbering him of part of his game; a woman bringing a jug
of beer. Formerly in Fesch Gallery. Bought by Lord Hertford for
£3,000.--Waagen, Treasures, ii. 159.
HURLSTONE, FREDERICK YEATES, born in London in 1800, died there, June
10, 1869. Portrait and subject painter, pupil of Sir William Beechey,
of Sir T. Lawrence, and of Haydon, and in 1820 student of the Royal
Academy, where he won the gold medal in 1823 for the best historical
picture. In 1835 he visited Italy, in 1841, 1851, and 1852 Spain,
and in 1854 Morocco, and the themes of his pictures were largely
drawn from those countries. During the thirty-four years preceding
his decease he was president of the Society of British Artists.
Works: Prisoner of Chillon (1837); Scene in St. Peter’s; Enchanted
Garden of Armida; Constance and Arthur; Venetian Page; Italian Boy
with Mandolin; Boabdil el Chico; Game of Mora; Columbus asking Alms;
Haidee roused from her Trance by Music.--Art Journal (1869), 271.
HUSS BEFORE THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE, Karl Friedrich _Lessing_,
Städel Gallery, Frankfort; canvas. Huss is standing, speaking, with
his left hand upon a large book resting on a stand; at his left sits
the Pope’s legate, leaning over whose shoulder is Gerson, supposed
author of Imitatio Christi; and grouped on each side are the Cardinal
of Cambria, the Archbishop of Prague, the Bishop of Lodi, and other
ecclesiastics. Painted in 1842. Replica, in small, J. Longworth
Collection, Cincinnati.--Art Treasures of America, iii. 71, 73.
HUSS, MARTYRDOM OF, Karl Friedrich _Lessing_, Berlin Museum; canvas,
H. 11 ft. 9 in. × 18 ft. 1 in.; signed, dated 1850. Huss, kneeling
on a hill in centre, having refused to abjure, is about to have the
yellow cap, painted with devils and inscribed “heresiarch,” placed
upon his head by a man-at-arms; near by Ziska, grasping a staff, and
the Reformer’s converts--John of Duba and John of Chlum--watch the
scene with painful sympathy; in foreground, right, Palatine Louis of
Bavaria on horseback, accompanied by a standard-bearer, looking back
at two Italian prelates, also mounted; at left, crowd of spectators;
in background, left, the stake and executioners with ropes and
torches. Replica, in small, J. Longworth Collection, Cincinnati.--Art
Treas. of Amer., iii. 71, 73.
[Illustration: Signature]
HUTIN, CHARLES, born in Paris, July 4, 1715, died in Dresden in
1776. French school; genre painter, pupil of François Le Moine. Won
the grand prix de Rome in 1735 with his Rebekah receiving Abraham’s
Presents, and at Rome studied sculpture for seven years under Slodz.
Member of the Academy in 1747. In 1748 went to Dresden, where he
designed most of the decorations of the Gallery, and became director
of the Academy in 1768, and court-painter. Works: Girl holding a
Letter (1769), Dresden Museum; Woman lighting a Fire, Man carrying
Wine in a Cart, Madrid Museum.--Bellier, i. 798; Larousse; Lejeune,
Guide, i. 373.
HUYS, PEETER, second half of 16th century. Flemish school; genre
painter in the realistic style of Quinten Massys; master in 1545
of the guild at Antwerp, where he was still living in 1571. Works:
Bagpiper robbed by Old Woman (1571), Berlin Museum (temporarily in
Stettin Museum); Grotesque Fantasy on Torments of Hell, Madrid Museum.
[Illustration: Bust]
HUYSMANS, CORNELIS, called Huysmans of Mechlin, born in Antwerp,
April 2, 1648, died in Mechlin, June 1, 1727. Flemish school;
landscape painter, pupil of Kasper de Witte in Antwerp, and of
Jacques d’Arthois in Brussels, whence he went to Mechlin. Van der
Meulen, on a visit to Brussels, tried in vain to attract him to the
court of Louis XIV., but persuaded him to paint backgrounds for his
Environs of Luxembourg and Dinant, now in the Louvre. Works: Woodland
with Château, National Gallery, London; Landscapes in National
Gallery, Edinburgh; Louvre, Paris (5); Museums at Berlin (3),
Brunswick (2), Brussels, Cologne (3), Dresden (2), Hanover, Nantes,
New York (3), Rouen, Stockholm, Stuttgart (4), Vienna (2); Galleries
at Augsburg, Carlsruhe (2), Cassel (2), Copenhagen, Hamburg,
Oldenburg, Schleissheim (5), Schwerin; Old Pinakothek, Munich (2);
Historical Society, New York (2); Hermitage, St. Petersburg (2).--Ch.
Blanc, École flamande; Gaz. des B. Arts (1870), iii. 361; Immerzeel,
ii. 69; Kramm, iii. 777; Michiels, ix. 142; Neefs, i. 508; Riegel,
Beiträge, ii. 133; Rooses (Reber), 414; Van den Branden, 1077.
HUYSMANS, JACOB, born in Antwerp in 1656, died in London in 1696.
Flemish school; portrait and history painter, pupil of Gilles
Backereel, and completed his artistic education in England, reign
of Charles II. Painted the most distinguished ladies of the
court. Works: Portrait of Queen Katharina of Portugal, Buckingham
Palace; Portrait of Izaak Walton, National Gallery, London; Lady
Byron, Hampton Court; Catharine of Braganza, Colonel W. Legg,
National Portrait Gallery, London; Altarpiece, German chapel, St.
James’s.--Immerzeel, ii. 69; Kramm, iii. 778; Redgrave, 223; Scharf,
420.
HUYSMANS, JAN BAPTIST, born in Antwerp, baptized Oct. 7, 1654, died
there, July 14, 1716. Flemish school; landscape painter, brother and
pupil of Cornelis; master of the Antwerp guild in 1676. His pictures
show even more elevated feeling for nature than those of his brother,
and were often sold for Ruysdaels. Works: Great Landscape (1697),
Brussels Museum; Others, Dijon Museum; Ruins of Corinthian Temple
(1695), Old Pinakothek, Munich.--Gaz. des B. Arts (1870), 363, 366;
Kunst-Chronik, x. 683; Michiels, ix. 146, 150; Rooses (Reber), 414;
Van den Branden, 1078.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signatures]
HUYSUM, JAN VAN, born in Amsterdam, April 15, 1682, died there,
Feb. 8, 1749. Dutch school; flower and fruit painter, son and
pupil of Justus van Huysum, whom he assisted in executing various
subjects, but his great talent for flower and fruit painting caused
him to devote himself exclusively to this branch of art, in which
he formed himself after De Heem and Mignon. Brilliant effects of
light, masterly drawing, high finish of detail. Works: Vase with
Flowers (1736–37), do., National Gallery, London; Bunches of Flowers,
Bridgewater Gallery; Rich Flower-Piece, Fruit-Piece, Lord Ashburton;
Bouquet, Fruit-Piece, Mr. Hope’s Collection; Two, Dulwich Gallery;
Landscape (1717), do. (3), Flower and Fruit-pieces (6), Louvre,
Paris; Landscape, The Offering, Flowers (1723), do., Fruit-pieces
(2), Amsterdam Museum; Landscapes and Flower-pieces in Museums at The
Hague (3), Berlin (4, one dated 1722), Berne, Boston, Brunswick (4,
one dated 1724), Dresden (3), Hanover (2), Nuremberg, Stockholm,
Stuttgart, Vienna (2), Weimar; Galleries at Carlsruhe (3, one dated
1714), Copenhagen, Hamburg (2, one dated 1706), Munich (3, one
dated 1735), Oldenburg, Schwerin (5, three dated 1728, 1742, 1743),
Hermitage, St. Petersburg (4, two dated 1722, 1723).--Ch. Blanc,
École hollandaise; Gool, ii. 13; Immerzeel, ii. 70; Kramm, iii. 780;
Kugler (Crowe), ii. 546.
HUYSUM, JUSTUS VAN, born in Amsterdam, June 8, 1659, died there in
April, 1716. Dutch school; landscape and genre painter, pupil of
Berchem. Besides landscapes with animals after the manner of Berchem,
he painted portraits, hunts, cavalry skirmishes, and coast-views
with great technical skill. Pictures sketchy but effective. He was
only inferior to his son Jan as a flower and fruit painter. Works:
Bouquet, Antwerp Museum; Landscapes with Animals, Hague Museum;
Battle with Cavalry Skirmish in foreground, Brunswick Museum; Flower
and Fruit-pieces (5), Landscape, Schwerin Gallery.--Immerzeel, ii.
70; Nagler, Mon., iv. 179; Riegel, Beiträge, ii. 428; Schlie, 292.
HYACINTH, ST., VISION OF, Lodovico _Carracci_, Louvre; canvas, H.
12 ft. 2 in. × 7 ft. 3 in. St. Hyacinth at prayer before a marble
tablet sustained by an angel, in a temple adorned with columns;
above, the Virgin and Child upon clouds, accompanied by a choir of
angels and cherubim. Painted in 1594 for chapel of Turrini family in
S. Domenico, Bologna. Lodovico modelled the composition in clay, and
the casts from it long served as studies in the schools of Bologna.
Engraved by Agostino Carracci.--Villot, Cat. Louvre; Landon, Musée,
ii. Pl. 39.
HYRE, LAURENT DE LA. See _Hire_.
IAIA (Laia, or Lala), portrait painter, from Cyzicus on the
Propontis, lived in Rome about beginning of 1st century, B.C.
Her female portraits, painted both with the pencil and with the
cestrum on ivory, commanded higher prices than those of Sopolis and
Dionysius, the most renowned portrait painters of the time. She
painted her own portrait by the aid of a mirror.--Pliny, xxxv. 40
[147].
IBBETSON, JULIUS CÆSAR, born at Masham, Yorkshire, Dec. 29, 1759,
died there, Oct. 13, 1817. Landscape, marine, animal, and figure
painter, mostly self-taught; went to London about 1778, first
exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1785, and after having accompanied,
as a draftsman, Colonel Cathcart’s embassy to China in 1788, was
for many years a large contributor to its exhibitions; returned to
his native place in 1801. Benjamin West called him the Berchem of
England. Works: Tigers in a Jungle, Jack in his Glory, Landscape with
Rustic Bridge, The Mermaid’s Haunt, Sailor’s Return Home, View in
Isle of Wight, South Kensington Museum, London.--Redgrave, 232.
IDYL, Jean Jacques _Henner_, Luxembourg Museum, Paris; canvas, H.
2 ft. 5 in. × 2 ft. Nude figures. A young girl, seated beside a
fountain shaded by trees, playing a reed pipe, and a second one
standing, intently listening. Salon, 1872.
[Illustration: Miracles of St. Ignatius, Rubens, Vienna Museum.]
IGNATIUS, ST., MIRACLES OF, _Rubens_, Vienna Museum; canvas, H.
17 ft. × 12 ft. 6 in. St. Ignatius Loyola, standing on the steps
of the altar in a magnificent temple, healing the sick and the
possessed, who are grouped around him; above, angels hovering, and in
background, demons escaping. Painted for Jesuits’ Church, Antwerp;
bought in 1774 by Empress Maria Theresa for 18,000 florins. Original
sketch also in Vienna Museum. Engraved by Marinas; Langer.--Smith,
ii. 19; Gal. de Vienne, iii. Pl. 317.
IHLÉE, EDUARD, born in Cassel in 1813, died there, Feb. 16, 1885.
German school; history painter, pupil of Friedrich Müller, then of
Düsseldorf Academy under Schadow, and of Städel Institute, Frankfort,
under Veit, whose daughter he married. Visited Italy, where he
studied the old masters and painted from nature. Professor at Cassel
Academy. Works: St. Louis founding Hospital at Compiègne (1845),
Mentz Gallery; Judith, Emperor Henry IV., Römer, Frankfort; Finding
of Moses, Stuttgart Museum; Altarpiece for Warmbrunn, Silesia; Two
Evangelists; Christ blessing Little Children; Christ at Simon’s
House; Monk; Roman Woman in Gala Dress; Convent Garden with Monks;
Copies after Italian Masters, Cassel Gallery.--Kunst-Chronik, xx.
365; Müller, 273.
ILDEFONSO, ST., _Murillo_, Madrid Museum; canvas, H. 10 ft. 2 in. × 8
ft. 3 in. The Virgin, seated in an arm-chair on a platform beneath a
canopy, attended by four angels, delivers a chasuble to the kneeling
Saint, behind whom kneels an old woman in white cap and red mantle;
above, cherubs and heads in a glory. Last manner. Collection of
Philip V. Engraved by F. Selma; etched by C. Alabern.--Curtis, 242;
Madrazo, 476.
By _Rubens_, Vienna Museum; wood, three parts, each 11 ft. high;
centre 7 ft. 6 in. wide; sides, each 3 ft. 6 in. Centre panel: The
Virgin, seated on a golden throne, with two female saints standing
on each side, invests St. Ildefonso, Archbishop of Toledo, with
the chasuble of his Order; above, three angels, with wreaths and
flowers, hovering in celestial light. Left panel: Archduke Albert,
then Governor-General of the Netherlands, on his knees in prayer,
in presence of his patron, St. Albert. Right panel: His wife,
Archduchess Clara Isabella Eugénia, on her knees in prayer, in
presence of her patron, St. Clara. Painted for the Chapel of the
Order of St. Ildefonso, in the Church of St. Jacques de Candenbergh,
near Brussels.--Smith, ii. 91; Gal. de Vienne, iii. Pl. 133.
ILLE, EDUARD, born in Munich, May 17, 1823. History painter, pupil
of Munich Academy under Schnorr and Schwind; at first painted
altarpieces, then took up painting in water-colours and drawing on
a large scale, and made numerous illustrations for periodicals and
poetical works. Professor since 1868. Works: Lohengrin; Tannhäuser;
Parsifal; History of Hans Sachs; Cycle of Twenty-two from Niebelungen
Saga; Scenes from Thirty Years’ War (1868); Prince Eugène; Watch on
the Rhine.--Müller, 274.
ILLUSIONS, LOST (Illusions perdues), Charles Gabriel _Gleyre_,
lately in Luxembourg, Paris; canvas, H. 4 ft. 6 in. × 7 ft. 11 in.
A man, seated in the twilight on a deserted shore, sees pass before
him on the river a boat filled with young men and maidens crowned
with flowers--lost illusions which the current is hurrying into the
night. Salon, 1843; conceived, according to the painter’s diary, on
the Nile, opposite Abydos, in 1835. Replica (2 ft. 10 in. × 4 ft.
11 in.), W. T. Walters, Baltimore.--Sir Arthur Helps, Friends in
Council; Art Treas. of America, i. 89.
IMER, ÉDOUARD, born in Avignon, Dec. 25, 1820, died in Haarlem,
June 13, 1881. Landscape painter, self-taught. Painted truthful
landscapes, usually taken from central France; travelled in the
East, especially in Egypt and Algeria. Medals: 1865; 2d class, 1873.
Works: Road in Provence (1850); Rhone Plain in Provence, Landscape
near Marseilles (1853); Ponds of Soumabre, The Rhone (1855); Pond
of Soumabre (1857), Neuchatel Museum; Sycamores on the Road to the
Pyramids, Island of Philæ, Woods of Doums, Sycamores at Ghizeh,
Environs of Cairo (1857); Hills of St. Marguerite, Mas de Barême,
The Rhone (1859); Pond of Soumabre, The Pont du Gard, Edge of the
Woods of Montespin (1861); Island of Lerins, Gulf of Juan, Masdes
Aubes (1863); Sycamores at Ghizeh, View in Berry (1864); Pond of
Fourdines (1865); Ruins of Crozant (1865), Neuchatel Museum; Island
of St. Honorat, The Creuze (1866); Valley of Venasque, Ramparts of
Aigues-Mortes (1867); Circus of Frejus, Road of Crozant (1868);
Environs of San Raphaël, Bridge of San Raphaël (1869); Sluice of the
Pond of Sault, View in Berry (1870); The Creuze, Quay of Zattere in
Venice (1872); Oak-Tree of Voulliers, Sea View (1873); Pond of Hiot,
Piedimonte, Shore of St. Jean d’Orbeiter (1874); The Creuze, Plain
of Cayeux, Marshes of the Bay of the Somme (1875); Oaks of Dauphiny,
Bay of the Somme (1876); Bridge of Saint-Benezet, Avignon Museum;
Evening on Lagunes of Venice, Rocks near Cassis--Provence, Neuchatel
Museum.--Bellier, i. 802; Meyer, Conv. Lex., xx. 505.
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. See _Conception_.
IMOLA, GIOVANNI DA. See _Ferretti_.
IMOLA, INNOCENZO DA, born at Imola in 1494, died at Bologna about
1550. Bolognese school. Real name Innocenzo di Pietro Francucci;
pupil in Bologna of Francesco Francia, and in Florence of Mariotto
Albertinelli, in whose style he painted (1517) the Madonna with
Angels and Saints, Bologna Gallery. Later he became an imitator of
Raphael. On his return from Florence, executed many works at Imola
and Bologna. Among the latter the most important are frescos of the
Death and Assumption of the Virgin (1519), in S. Michele in Bosco;
Madonna in Glory with Saints and Angels, Gallery; Annunciation,
Servi; Crucifix (1549), S. Salvatore; Madonna with Saints, S. Matteo;
Madonna with Kneeling Donors, Gallery; Marriage of St. Catharine
(1536), S. Giacomo Maggiore. There is an altarpiece (1526) by Imola
in the Duomo, Faenza; another in the Berlin Museum; a third in the
Munich Gallery; and a Madonna in the Carlsruhe Gallery.--Vasari, ed.
Mil., v. 185; Lermolieff, 65, 282; Gualandi, Guida di Bologna; Lanzi,
iii. 36; Ch. Blanc, École bolonaise; Lübke, Gesch. der. ital. Mal.,
ii. 377.
IMPICCATI, ANDREA DEGLI. See _Castagno_.
[Illustration: Incendio del Borgo, Raphael, Stanza dell’Incendio,
Vatican.]
INCENDIO DEL BORGO, _Raphael_, Stanza dell’Incendio, Vatican; fresco,
arched top. The district of St. Peter called the Borgo Vecchio in
flames (A.D. 847), the fire even threatening the Church of St.
Peter, the old façade of which is seen in background; all efforts to
stay the conflagration are vain until Leo IV. appears in the Loggia
of the Vatican (now destroyed) and makes the sign of the cross,
when, according to the church tradition, it miraculously ceased.
A typical conflagration, suggestive of the burning of Troy, with
Æneas, Anchises, Crëusa, and Ascanius in the group at left. Painted
in 1515; almost entirely by Raphael. Studies in Uffizi, Florence, and
Albertina Collection, Vienna. Engraved by P. Thomassin; P. Anderloni;
Volpato.--Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 359; Passavant, ii. 158; Müntz, 425;
Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 436; Perkins, 175.