in Milan about 1485–89, for Lodovico Sforza (Il Moro), Duke of
Milan, whose mistress she was. She afterwards married Count Lodovico
Pergamino. In last century this picture was in possession of Marquis
Bonesana, Milan. A replica, or copy, belonging to Professor Franchi,
Milan, passed for a St. Cecilia. Another portrait of her by Leonardo
belonged to the Pallavicini family of San Calocero. He also painted
her as a Madonna, called the M. della Rosa. In this picture, which
Amoretti saw in Milan, the Virgin is urging Jesus to bless a
rose.--Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 87; Rigollot, Hist. des Arts, etc., i.
299; Amoretti, Mem. storic. di L. da Vinci, 38, 80, 165; Heaton, 279,
280.
GALLI. See _Bibiena_.
[Illustration: Signature]
GALLOCHE, LOUIS, born in Paris, Aug. 24, 1670, died July 21, 1761.
French school; pupil of Louis de Boullongne; obtained the first
prize in 1695, spent two years in Rome, and after his return to
France opened a school. Was received into the Academy in 1711, made
professor in 1720, rector in 1746, and chancellor in 1754. He had a
pension from the king, and was lodged at the Louvre. Works: Alcestis
restored to Admetus (1711), Louvre; St. Peter in Captivity, Rennes
Museum; St. Ambrose reviving a Child, Nancy Museum; Angelica and
Medora, Caen Museum; Coriolanus entreated by his Family to assume
the Command of the Roman Army, Orléans Museum.--Ch. Blanc, École
française; Lejeune, Guide, i. 357, iii. 104, 302; Villot, Cat. Louvre.
GAMBA, ENRICO, born in Turin, Jan. 3, 1831, died there in Nov.,
1883. History, genre, and landscape painter, studied in Turin, at
the Städel Institute, Frankfort, and in Rome. Works: Victor Amadeus
protecting the Poor, End of Vacation, Souvenir of the Upper Rhine;
Frescos in S. Gioachino, Turin, and in Alessandria and Chiari
Cathedrals.--Kunst-Chronik, xix. 56.
GAMBARA, LATTANZIO, of Brescia, born 1541, died 1574. Lombard school;
studied under Antonio Campi of Cremona, but afterwards became the
disciple of Romanino, whose daughter he married. Vasari, however,
calls him the son-in-law of Moretto da Brescia. His style is a
combination of Campi’s and Romanino’s. Among his most spirited
compositions are the damaged frescos in the Castello of Brescia.
Another important work is an altarpiece of the Nativity in S.
Faustino, Brescia. The twelve large frescos illustrative of the
history of Christ, in the cathedral at Parma, were executed by him,
with the aid of Sojaro, between 1568 and 1572.--C. & C., N. Italy,
ii. 437; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., xi. 250, 264; Burckhardt, 192, 738.
[Illustration: Gamesters, Michelangelo da Caravaggio, Dresden
Gallery.]
GAMESTERS, Michelangelo da _Caravaggio_, Dresden Gallery; canvas, H.
3 ft. × 4 ft. 4 in. A young soldier with two comrades, playing cards.
A good picture. From Prague Gallery, 1748. Engraved by P. Tanjé; J.
C. Loedel. Replica in Palazzo Sciarra, Rome, painted for Cardinal
del Monte; formerly in Palazzo Barberini. Engraved by J. Volpato; T.
Verkruys; P. P. Montagnani.--Gal. Roy. de Dresde, ii. Pl. 28; Meyer,
Künst. Lex., i. 614, 620; Rosini, vi. Pl. 133.
GANYMEDE, RAPE OF, _Correggio_, Vienna Museum; canvas, H. 5 ft. 2 in.
× 2 ft. 3 in. Jupiter, struck with the charms of Ganymede, son of
Tros, King of Troy, and one of the most beautiful of mortals, took
the form of an eagle and bore him off to heaven, where he served as
cupbearer to the gods (Ovid, Metamorphoses). In the picture, Ganymede
is borne by the eagle in the air; below, the plains of Lycia, where
Ganymede had tended his flocks; in foreground, his dog, howling at
the loss of his master. Painted about 1530 (?). In possession of
Antonio Perez, favourite of Philip II.; sold in 1603 to Rodolph II.,
and sent from Spain to Prague with the _Leda_, but probably taken
early to Vienna. Assigned in Spain to Parmigiano. Ancient copy in
Madrid Museum. Another Ganymede, with changes, a fresco transferred
to canvas, in Modena Gallery. Engraved by Fr. Van der Steen; Jos.
Eissner.--Meyer, Correggio, 341, 492; Künst. Lex., i. 438; Gal. de
Vienne, i. Pl. 18.
[Illustration: Ganymede, Rape of, Eustache Lesueur, Louvre.]
By Eustache _Lesueur_, Louvre, Paris; canvas, H. 4 ft. 2 in. × 3
ft. 7 in. The eagle bears aloft the young prince, whose attention
is directed earnestly to the earth, seen below. Painted for the
hôtel of President Lambert. Collection of Louis XVI. Engraved by
Beauvais.--Landon, Musée, vi. 17; Filhol.
By _Rembrandt_, Dresden Gallery; canvas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. × 4 ft. 2
in.; signed, dated 1635. Ganymede borne to Olympus by an eagle.
Acquired in 1751. Engraved by C. G. Schultze; Cardon.--Vosmaer, 442.
[Illustration: Bust]
GARBO, RAFFAELLINO DEL, born in Florence in 1466, died there in
1524. Florentine school. Real name Capponi, but commonly called
del Garbo (the Graceful). Pupil of Filippino Lippi, with whom he
remained until about 1490. He was a weak follower of his master’s
style. He appears to best advantage in his _Madonna_ with Angels;
Madonna with Saints and Angels; and Madonna with Angels, Cherubs, and
Saints, Berlin Museum. The first-named group is almost Raphaelesque
in its conception. Among other examples worthy of note are: Madonna
with Saints, Dresden Gallery; Coronation of the _Virgin_, Louvre;
_Resurrection_, Florence Academy.--C. & C., Italy, iii. 415; Ch.
Blanc, École florentine; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 375; Vasari,
ed. Le Mon., vii. 190; ed. Mil., iv. 233.
GARCIA HISPALETO, Don MANUEL, born in Seville; contemporary. History
and genre painter, pupil of Seville Academy; studied later in Rome.
Works: Burial of St. Chrysostom (1864); Apparition of St. Agnes
(1867); Starting for the Bull-Fight (1871).
GARCIA Y MARTINEZ, Don JUAN, born at Calatayud, Saragossa;
contemporary. History painter, pupil of Madrid Academy. Works:
Raising of Lazarus (1856), Museum de la Trinidad, Madrid; The
Lovers of Teruel (1859); Death of King Don Sancho; Death of Poet
Macias; Liberation of Francis I.; Charles II. as a Sorcerer (1876);
Procession of Our Lady (1881); Penitent (1884).
GARDNER, ELIZABETH JANE, born at Exeter, N. H.; contemporary. Figure
painter, pupil of H. Merle, Lefebvre, and Bouguereau in Paris.
Exhibits at National Academy, New York, and Paris Salon. Honourable
mention, Paris Salon, 1879. Studio in Paris. Works: Cinderella, C.
Crocker, San Francisco; Cornelia and her Jewels (1872); Corinne
(1874); Sorceress (1875); Fortune-Teller (1876); Ruth and Naomi
(T. Wigglesworth, Boston), Moses in the Bulrushes (1878); Maud
Muller (1879); Priscilla, Water’s Edge (1881); Daphnis and Chloë
(1882); Captive (1883); Portraits, J. H. Stebbins, New York;
Improvised Cup (1884), Corner of the Farm (1885), Knoedler & Co., New
York.--Portfolio (1879), 36.
GAREIS, ANTON, born in Prague in 1837. Genre and portrait painter,
pupil of his father and of Prague Academy under Engerth; visited
Dresden, Vienna, and Hungary. Works: Twelfth Night (1862); Kirmess
(1863); Tavern Scene (1864); Hungarian Gypsies Playing, Sunday Music
in Croatia (1868); Child’s Play, Four Cartoons to “As you Like
It.”--Müller, 192.
GARNERAY, AMBROISE LOUIS, born in Paris, Feb. 19, 1783, died there,
Sept. 11, 1857. French school; marine painter, pupil of his father,
Jean François (1755–1837), portrait and genre painter, and scholar of
David. Love of adventure led him in 1796 to India, where he took part
in several sea-fights, and was taken prisoner in 1806 by the English,
who retained him in captivity at Portsmouth until 1814. He exhibited
his first marine in 1816, became painter to the Duke of Angoulême in
1817, and in 1833 director of the Museum of Rouen. Medals in 1819
and 1855; L. of Honour, 1852. Works: Tower of London, Three-decker
cast on the Rocks, A Storm, Roadstead with Vessels (1819); View of
the Scheldt (1833), Douai Museum; Battle of Augusta, 1676 (1836),
Battle of Navarino, Napoleon’s Return from Elba, Versailles Museum;
View of Sidon at Sunset, Boulogne Museum; Capture of the Kent by the
Corsair Confiance (1836), La Rochelle Museum; Cod-Fishing on Banks of
Newfoundland (1839), Rouen Museum; Frigate Virginie attacking English
Squadron, Rochefort Museum; Incident in Battle of Navarino (1853),
Nantes Museum; Porpoise-Fishing, Cherbourg Museum; View of the Furnes
Canal (1855), Marseilles Museum.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 607;
Larousse; Lejeune, Guide, iii. 105; Art Journal (1858), 24.
GARNIER, ÉTIENNE BARTHÉLEMY, born in Paris, Aug. 24, 1759, died Nov.
16, 1849. French school; history and portrait painter, pupil of
Durameau, Doyen, and Vien, studied afterwards in Rome; painted scenes
from Greek and Roman history and mythology, in the shallow theatrical
pathos of his time, but with skill and effective colouring. Member of
Institute in 1816; L. of Honour, 1828. Works: Nebuchadnezzar causing
the Children of Zedekiah to be Killed (1787), Mans Museum; Desolation
of Priam’s Family (1800), ordered by the Directory; Roman Charity,
Diana appearing to Hercules (1801); Napoleon (1808); Burial of
Dagobert (1814), Sacristy of St. Denis; Eponina and Sabinus (1814),
Angers Museum; Procession of St. Charles Borromeo during the Plague
at Milan (1827), Church of St. Germain; St. Louis arbitrating between
the King of England and his Barons (1827); Reception of the Duke of
Angoulême at Chartres on his Return from Spain (1831); Entry of Duke
and Duchess of Angoulême into Chartres, 1823 (1827), Chartres Museum;
Portrait of Cardinal Maury (1838), Avignon Museum; Marriage Ceremony
of Napoleon and Marie Louise (1846), Versailles Museum.--Bellier de
la Chavignerie, i. 610; Larousse; Lejeune, Guide, iii. 105.
GARNIER, JULES ARSÈNE, born in Paris, Jan. 22, 1847. Genre
painter, studied first in Toulouse, then pupil of Gérôme in Paris;
travelled in Holland, Spain, and Morocco, paints mediæval subjects
with extreme archæological accuracy. Works: The Bather, Mlle. de
Sombreuil drinking a Glass of Blood (1869); Adam’s Dream, Jus Primæ
Noctis (1872); Vassals’ Taxes Débris (1873); Le Roi s’amuse (1874);
Execution in 16th Century, Nude Female Figure (1875); Punishment of
Adultery in Middle Ages (1876); Stranded Goods, The Favourite (1877);
Liberator of the Territory (1878); Village Festival, Temptation
(1879); Rabelais, the Parson of Meudon (1880); Distribution of
Standards, July 14, 1880 (1881); Reveil (1882); Truth (1883); Jolly
Drinkers (after Rabelais’s Gargantua, 1884).--Müller, 193; Meyer,
Conv. Lex., xviii. 381.
[Illustration: Signature]
GAROFALO, IL, born in Ferrara in 1481, died there, Sept. 6, 1559.
Lombard-Ferrarese school. Real name Benvenuto di Piero Tisi, but
called Garofalo (Gilliflower) from his use of that flower as a
device. Pupil of Domenico Panetti, of Niccolò Soriani, and of
Boccacini, from whose studio he ran away to Rome (1499) and studied
about a year under Giovanni Barrini. In 1502 he was in Mantua, where
he must have remained four years if, as Vasari says, he studied with
Lorenzo Costa, who entered the service of the Gonzagas in 1506. In
1508 he went again to Rome and became intimate with Raphael. Later
he worked at Ferrara for Duke Alfonso, in whose palace (Scrofa
Calcagnini) he decorated a hall with mythological subjects. Other
pictures in Ferrara: Old and New _Testament_, Adoration of the
_Magi_ (1537), _Christ_ in the Garden, _Massacre_ of the Innocents,
_Madonna_ del Pilastro, _Madonna_ with Saints, _Madonna_ del Riposo,
Raising of _Lazarus_, St. _Peter_ Martyr, Discovery of the _Cross_,
Municipal Gallery; and several in the Duomo. Works in other cities:
Tiburtine _Sibyl_, La _Zingarella_ (?), Holy Family, Palazzo Pitti,
Florence; Annunciation, Uffizi, ib.; Madonna with Saints (1518),
Venice Academy; Deposition from Cross, Crucifixion, Brera, Milan;
Madonna with Saints, Modena Gallery; _Entombment_, Deposition,
Palazzo Borghese, Rome; Adoration of Magi, Deposition, Naples Museum;
Triumph of _Bacchus_, Mars and Venus, _Neptune_ and Pallas, Madonna
in Adoration, Dresden Gallery; _Holy_ Family, Vatican, Rome. The
pictures of Garofalo are almost always pleasing. He was a good
draughtsman and colourist, though sometimes a little too vivid in his
reds and greens for perfect harmony of effect. According to Vasari he
was totally blind during the last nine years of his life.--Vasari,
ed. Mil., vi. 459; Burckhardt, 691; Seguier, 208; Cittadella, Mem. di
Ben. Tisi (Ferrara, 1872); Ch. Blanc, École ferraraise; Lübke, Gesch.
ital. Mal., ii. 378; Zeitschr. f. b. K., x. 210.
GARRARD. See _Geerarts_.
GARRICK AS RICHARD III., William _Hogarth_, Earl of Feversham.
Painted in 1746. Hogarth was paid for it by Mr. Duncombe, of Duncombe
Park, Yorkshire, £200; “more,” he says, “than any English artist ever
received for a single portrait.”--Dobson, 63.
GARRICK BETWEEN TRAGEDY AND COMEDY, Sir Joshua _Reynolds_; canvas.
Garrick, seen to knees, standing, looks with an appealing,
half-ashamed expression at Tragedy, while turning towards Comedy,
unable to resist her allurements. Painted in 1761; sold to Lord
Halifax for 300 guineas; at his sale to Mr. Angerstein for 250
guineas. Engraved by E. Fisher.
GÄRTNER, EDUARD (JOHANN PHILIPP), born in Berlin, June 2, 1801,
died there, Feb. 22, 1877. Architecture painter, pupil in Cassel
of Maler Müller; returned to Berlin in 1813 and for six years was
apprenticed in the porcelain factory, made a tour to the North Sea in
1821, studied in Paris in 1824–27, and painted for the Czar in St.
Petersburg and Moscow in 1837–39. Member of Berlin Academy in 1833.
Works: The former Reetzen Street in Berlin (1831), National Gallery,
Berlin; others in the Royal Palaces, ib.--Jordan (1885), ii. 68.
GÄRTNER, FRIEDRICH, born in Munich, Jan. 11, 1824. Architecture
painter, pupil of Munich Academy and of Simonsen, studied then in
Paris under Jacquand; travelled extensively, and settled in Munich in
1857. Works: From the Alhambra; Interior of House in Tetuan; Street
in Algiers; Mosque El Kebir in Algiers; Convent Yard in Moonlight,
Interior of Moorish Building, New Pinakothek, Munich.--Müller, 193;
Brockhaus, vii. 564.
GÄRTNER, HEINRICH, born at Neu-Strelitz, Mecklenburg, in 1828.
Landscape painter, pupil in Berlin of Schirmer, and in Dresden of L.
Richter. He was much influenced by Genelli at Munich and by Cornelius
at Rome (1856). Works: Landscape with Return of Prodigal Son (1859),
Leipsic Museum; Scenes from Life of Psyche (1865–66), Villa Dürr,
near Leipsic; Cycle of landscapes (14) representing Development of
Sculpture (in fresco, 1878).--Müller, 194; Brockhaus, vii. 564;
Zeitschr. f. b. K., ii. 81.
GASCAR, HENRI, born in Paris in 1635, died in Rome, Jan. 18, 1701.
French school; portrait painter. Long lived in England, where he
became Lely’s competitor, and was patronized by the Duchess of
Portsmouth. Left England about 1680, having made, it is said, £10,000
in a few years. Member of the Academy in 1680. Work: The Duchess of
Portsmouth as Flora, Hampton Court.--Redgrave, Jameson, Hand-Book to
Public Galleries, 592; Taylor, The Fine Arts, ii. 366.
[Illustration: Initials]
GASSEL, LUCAS, born at Helmont, Brabant, about 1500, died at Brussels
about 1550. Flemish school; practised landscape painting in Brussels,
where he was an intimate friend of the painter-poet Lampsonius.
He painted in the fantastic manner of Patenier, and enlivened his
landscapes with Old and New Testament subjects. His pictures are
rare, as he painted but little. Works: St. George, Louvre, Paris;
Landscape, Lille Museum; Landscape with Judah and Tamar (1548),
Vienna Museum. The Landscape in the Contest between Apollo and Pan,
by Goltzius, Dresden Gallery, is ascribed to Gassel.--Allgem. d.
Biogr., viii. 369; Biog. nat. de Belgique, vii. 497; Jour. des B.
Arts (1864), 88; (1878), 118; Kramm, ii. 534.
GASSEN, GOTTLIEB, born in Coblentz in 1805 or 1807. History painter,
pupil and follower of Cornelius, among the first to paint in fresco
at Munich for King Louis I. Works: Storming of the Godesberg near
Bonn by Duke William V. of Bavaria, Arcades, Royal Garden, Munich;
eleven scenes from Poems of Walther von der Vogelweide, Royal Palace,
Munich; ceiling paintings in Loggia of Pinakothek; paintings in
Trinity Church, Weissenthurm, near Coblentz.
[Illustration: Signature]
GASSIES, JEAN BRUNO, born in Bordeaux, Oct. 25, 1786, died in Paris,
Oct. 12, 1832. French school; history, genre, and landscape painter,
pupil of Vincent and Lacour in Paris. Painted many biblical, as well
as French mediæval and modern subjects. Works: Labourer holding Skull
and Rusty Sword (1810), Douai Museum; Hagar and Ishmael (1811),
Brussels Museum; Virgil reading the Æneid to Augustus (1814); Horace
at Virgil’s Tomb (1817); Portrait of Louis XVIII. (1819), Bordeaux
Museum; Christ and Peter walking on the Sea, Homer reciting to the
Shepherds (1819); St. Louis visiting the Plague-Stricken Soldiers,
Fight of the Thirty (1822); Clemency of Louis XII. (1824), Versailles
Museum; Shipwreck of a Fisherman and his Child (1827); Bivouac of the
National Guard in Courtyard of Louvre (1831); Entrance to Harbor of
Boulogne; Needles at Isle of Wight; Shakespeare Cliff; View of Loch
Lomond.--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 614; Lejeune, Guide, iii. 105;
Larousse.
GASTINEAU, HENRY, born in 1797, died at Camberwell, Surrey, in 1876.
Landscape painter in water-colours, pupil of the Royal Academy;
commenced as an engraver, then took up oil-painting, and in 1818
became an associate and in 1824 a member of the Water-Colour Society;
was intimately connected with Turner, David Cox, and Copley Fielding.
Works: Penrhyn Castle, Netley Abbey, South Kensington Museum, London;
Klamme Pass in Styria (1855); Glenarm--Antrim, Hospice and Pass of
St. Gothard (1862); Pass of Killiecrankie (1867).
GASTON DE FOIX (?), Girolamo _Savoldo_, Louvre; canvas, H. 3 ft.
× 4 ft.; signed. A knight in armour, half recumbent, in a gloomy
chamber, his form reflected in mirrors. Long called a portrait of
Gaston de Foix, by Giorgione; but probably a picture painted to show
that painting is preferable to sculpture, because a given form can
be reproduced on canvas by the judicious use of reflecting surfaces.
Replica, formerly belonging to Charles I., at Hampton Court.--Villot,
Cat. Louvre; C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 419; Law, Hist. Cat. Hampton
Court, 43.
GATTA, Don BARTOLOMMEO DELLA, born about 1408, died in Arezzo
in 1491. Florentine school. Learned miniature painting in the
Camaldolensian Convent of the Angeli, Florence, where he was a friar;
became abbot of the Convent of S. Clemente, Arezzo, and decorated its
walls with frescos, now destroyed. Some panels by him in the public
gallery, Arezzo, one dated 1479, show careful and patient execution,
but little sense of colour. In 1479–86 he was in Rome, where he
worked in the Sistine, according to Vasari, with Signorelli and
Perugino. His later pictures, as, for instance, a Madonna with Saints
and Angels, in the Collegiate church at Castiglione Fiorentino,
display little power, though they show that he had learned to imitate
Signorelli.--C. & C., Italy, iii. 36; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., v. 44;
Marchesi, 2d ed., i. 203.
GATTI, BERNARDO (Bernardino), born at Cremona about 1490 (?), died in
1575. Lombard school; called Il Sojaro or Sogliaro (the cooper) from
his father’s trade. Went early to Parma to study under Correggio, and
became his ablest pupil. He left numerous works in Parma, Piacenza,
and Cremona. In S. M. di Campagna, Piacenza, he painted a fresco, St.
George and the Dragon, in competition with Pordenone’s St. Augustine,
and on the death of that painter was selected to finish his frescos
of the Life of the Madonna, in the tribune of the church. Lanzi
praises his Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes, in the refectory of the
Padri Lateranensi, Cremona; it is dated 1552. He afterwards (about
1560) painted the cupola in the Madonna della Steccata, Parma. His
Assumption of the Virgin, in the Cathedral of Cremona, his last work,
is said to have been painted with his left hand, his right having
been paralyzed. An Ecce Homo, and a Crucifixion, are in the Naples
Museum.--Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. 493; Lanzi, ii. 400; Ch. Blanc, École
lombarde; Vidoni, Pittura Cremonese; Burckhardt, 701, 738; Lavice,
206; Lanzi (Roscoe), ii. 400, 430.
GATTI, GERVASIO, Lombard school (1578–1631). Nephew and pupil of
Bernardo Gatti, from whom he inherited his surname of Il Sojaro.
Studied also works of Correggio, and painted some pictures with much
success; but he had a deplorable facility of execution, and his works
are very unequal. Lanzi conjectures that Uriel Gatti, also called Il
Sojaro, was his brother.--Lanzi, ii. 431; Ch. Blanc, École lombarde.
GAUCHEREL, LÉON, born in Paris, May 20, 1816. Landscape and
architecture painter, more noted as an engraver and etcher; pupil of
Viollet-le-Duc, with whom he visited Italy and Sicily. Medals: 3d
class, 1853; 2d class, 1855, 1859, 1861, 1863; L. of Honour, 1864.
Works: Tintoretto’s House in Venice (1874); View of Saintes; Evening
at Arromanches; Banks of the Adour at Sunset (1875); St. Peter’s,
Rome; Torcello, near Venice (1876); Cliffs of Saint-Jouin (1877,
1879); The Little Mount at Port Navalo (1879); Gorge of Arnochat
(1871).--Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 618; Meyer, Conv. Lex., xvii.
367; Müller, 195.
GAUDENZIO MILANESE. See _Ferrari_, Gaudenzio.
[Illustration: Signature]
GAUDIN, Fray LUIS PASCUAL, born at Villafranca, Catalonia, in 1566,
died at the Chartreuse of Scala Dei in 1621. Spanish school. Became
a Carthusian monk in 1595; adorned many chambers in his monastery,
also painted for the Grand Chartreuse in Lorraine, for the Chartreuse
of Seville, and a Last Supper and other works for that of Portacœli
(Scala Dei), near Valencia.--Stirling, i. 293.
GAUERMANN, FRIEDRICH, born at Miesenbach, Nether Austria, Sept. 20,
1807, died in Vienna, July 7, 1862. Animal painter, son and pupil of
Jakob G., but formed himself chiefly by copying old masters in the
Vienna galleries and studying nature during his travels in 1825–44.
Member of Munich Academy in 1836. He left 1,034 oil-paintings, 569
drawings, and 15 unfinished pictures. Works: Resting from Labour
in the Fields (1829); Husbandman ploughing (1834), Vienna Museum;
Wolves and Bears, Rocky View with Bears (1831); Vultures and Stag,
Bears with their Prey (1832); Chase, Rural Smithy, Boar attacked by
Wolves (1834); Stormy Lake, Wolves and Stags (1835); Harvest Scene,
Wild Boars (1836); Dying Stag and Eagle (1837); Cattle Market (1838);
Wolves on High Rock, Harvest Wagon in Storm, Embarking of the Herd
(1839); Hunting Scene, The Passeyer Pass near Meran (1840); Target
Shooting in Tyrol (1841); Smithy in the Ramsau (1842); Zell am See
(1843); Dachstein and Gosau Lake, Hunting Scene, Mountain-Path near
Meran (1844); Evening, Chamois Hunt, Poachers (1845); Four Seasons
(1847); Alp, Ein Schiffzug (1848); Chamois-Hunt, Peasant Horses,
Return from Stag-Hunt (1850); Well in Tyrol (1852), Smithy in
Salzburg (1853), National Gallery, Berlin; Cows, Sheep, and Horse in
Shallow Water, Leipsic Museum; Wolves and Dead Horse, Städel Gallery,
Frankfort; Evening in Tyrolese Alps, Stettin Museum; Wolves and Deer,
Wild Boar and Wolf, South Kensington Museum, London; On the Atter
Lake, Cows and Sheep (1858).--Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. 420; Andresen,
iii. 1; Brockhaus, vii. 594; Kunst-Chronik, xix. 335, 517; Dioskuren
(1862), 242; Eitelberger, Kunsthist. Schr., i. 92; Wurzbach, v. 104;
ix. 414; Zeitschr. f. b. K., xviii. 137, 177, 251, 282, 321; xix. 176.
GAUERMANN, JAKOB, born at Oeffinger, Würtemberg, in 1773, died
in Vienna, March 27, 1843. Landscape and genre painter, pupil of
Stuttgart Academy. After travelling through Switzerland in the
service of a Heilbronn savant he went to Vienna in 1798, became
member of the Academy, and in 1818 painter to Archduke John, for
whom he executed many views in the Austrian Alps. Works: Eighty
views in Styria (1811–21), Archduke John’s Collection; others in
Albertina Collection, Vienna Academy, and in private galleries of
England.--Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. 422; Andresen, v. 268; Brockhaus,
vii. 594; Wurzbach, v. 107.
[Illustration: Signatures]