CYCLOPEDIA OF
PAINTERS AND PAINTINGS
VOLUME II
EAKINS-KYHN
CYCLOPEDIA OF
PAINTERS AND PAINTINGS
EDITED BY
JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR.
CRITICAL EDITOR
CHARLES C. PERKINS
_Corresponding Member of the French Institute_
_WITH MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS_
VOLUME II
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS
MCMXIII
_Copyright, 1885, 1886, 1887, by
Charles Scribner’s Sons_
[Illustration: Colophon]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
_OUTLINES OF PAINTINGS._
PAGE
1. ECCE HOMO
_Titian_ Vienna Museum. 6
2. EDEN, EXPULSION FROM
_Masaccio_ Brancacci Chapel, Carmine, Florence. 8
3. ELEVATION OF CROSS
_Rubens_ Antwerp Cathedral. 14
4. ELIZABETH, ST., OF HUNGARY
_Murillo_ Academia S. Fernando, Madrid. 15
5. ENTOMBMENT
_Michelangelo da Caravaggio_ Vatican, Rome. 21
6. ENTOMBMENT
_Raphael_ Palazzo Borghese, Rome. 21
7. ENTOMBMENT
_Titian_ Louvre, Paris. 22
8. EUROPA, RAPE OF
_Paolo Veronese_ Palazzo Ducale, Venice. 29
9. EVE, CREATION OF
_Michelangelo_ Sistine Chapel, Rome. 30
10. EZEKIEL, VISION OF
_Raphael_ Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 35
11. FEAST IN THE HOUSE OF LEVI
_Paolo Veronese_ Venice Academy. 45
12. FEAST IN THE HOUSE OF THE PHARISEE
_Paolo Veronese_ Turin Gallery. 46
13. FEAST OF ROSE GARLANDS
_Albrecht Dürer_ Prague Gallery. 47
14. FEDE, LA
_Titian_ Palazzo Ducale, Venice. 48
15. FINCHLEY, MARCH TO
_William Hogarth_ Foundling Hospital, London. 57
16. FISHER, KITTY
_Sir Joshua Reynolds_ Lord Crewe. 59
17. FLIGHT INTO EGYPT
_Murillo_ Duchesse de Galliera. 65
18. FLORA
_Titian_ Uffizi, Florence. 66
19. FORNARINA, LA
_Sebastian del Piombo_ Uffizi, Florence. 72
20. FORNARINA, LA
_Raphael_ Palazzo Barberini, Rome. 72
21. FORTUNE
_Guido Reni_ Accademia de S. Luca, Rome. 74
22. FRANCIS XAVIER, ST.
_Rubens_ Vienna Museum. 84
23. GALATEA, TRIUMPH OF
_Raphael_ Palazzo Farnesina, Rome. 105
24. GAMESTERS
_Michelangelo da Caravaggio_ Dresden Gallery. 108
25. GANYMEDE, RAPE OF
_Eustache Lesueur_ Louvre, Paris. 108
26. GEORGE, ST., AND THE DRAGON
_Raphael_ Hermitage, St. Petersburg. 125
27. GEORGE, ST., AND THE DRAGON
_Raphael_ Louvre, Paris. 125
28. GEORGE, ST., MARTYRDOM OF
_Paolo Veronese_ S. Giorgio Maggiore, Verona. 126
29. GIORNO, IL
_Correggio_ Parma Gallery. 140
30. GIORGIONE, FAMILY OF
_Giorgione_ Palazzo Giovanelli, Florence. 141
31. GRACES, THREE
_Raphael_ Duc d’Aumale, Chantilly. 163
32. GRANICUS, PASSAGE OF THE
_Charles Lebrun_ Louvre, Paris. 169
33. GREEN GROCER
_Gerard Dou_ Louvre, Paris. 171
34. GREGORY, ST., MIRACLE OF
_Andrea Sacchi_ Vatican, Rome. 173
35. HAGAR, DISMISSAL OF
_Guercino_ Brera, Milan. 197
36. HELEN, RAPE OF
_Guido Reni_ Louvre, Paris. 228
37. HELENA, ST., VISION OF
_Paolo Veronese_ Vatican, Rome. 229
38. HELIODORUS, EXPULSION OF
_Raphael_ Stanza d’Eliodoro, Vatican, Rome. 230
39. HENRI IV. AND THE SPANISH AMBASSADOR
_Dominique Ingres_ Baron Alphonse de Rothschild, Paris. 237
40. HERCULES, DEATH OF
_Guido Reni_ Louvre, Paris. 240
41. HERCULES, INFANT
_Agostino Carracci_ (?) Louvre, Paris. 241
42. HERMANN AND THUSNELDA
_Angelica Kauffmann_ Vienna Museum. 244
43. HERMINIA AT THE SHEPHERD’S HOUSE
_Domenichino_ Louvre, Paris. 245
44. HILANDERAS, LAS
_Velasquez_ Madrid Museum. 257
45. HILLE BOBBE
_Frans Hals_ Berlin Museum. 259
46. HOLY FAMILY
_Federigo Baroccio_ National Gallery, London. 274
47. HOLY FAMILY
_Fra Bartolommeo_ Panshanger House, England. 274
48. HOLY FAMILY
_Michelangelo_ Uffizi, Florence. 275
49. HOLY FAMILY
_Murillo_ Louvre, Paris. 276
50. HOLY FAMILY (LA PETITE SAINTE FAMILLE)
_Raphael_ Louvre, Paris. 277
51. HOLY FAMILY
_Rubens_ Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 278
52. HOLY FAMILY
_Andrea del Sarto_ Louvre, Paris. 278
53. HOLY FAMILY
_Andrea del Sarto_ National Gallery, London. 279
54. HOLY FAMILY--DEL BACINO
_Giulio Romano_ Dresden Gallery. 280
55. HOLY FAMILY, CANIGIANI
_Raphael_ Munich Gallery. 281
56. HOLY FAMILY OF FRANCIS I.
_Raphael_ Louvre, Paris. 282
57. HOLY FAMILY--DEL LAGARTO
_Raphael_ (?) Madrid Museum. 282
58. HOLY FAMILY--DEL PAJARITO
_Murillo_ Madrid Museum. 283
59. HOLY FAMILY--LA PERLA
_Raphael_ Madrid Museum. 284
60. HORATH, OATH OF THE
_Louis David_ Louvre, Paris. 291
61. IGNATIUS, ST., MIRACLES OF
_Rubens_ Vienna Museum. 311
62. INCENDIO DEL BORGO
_Raphael_ Stanza dell’Incendio, Vatican, Rome. 313
63. INN, THE
_Jan Steen_ Hague Museum. 317
64. ISABELLA D’ESTE, COURT OF
_Lorenzo Costa_ Louvre, Paris. 320
65. JACOB, BLESSING OF
_Rembrandt_ Cassel Gallery. 323
66. JACOB, DREAM OF
_Spagnoletto_ Madrid Museum. 324
67. JACOB AND RACHEL
_Giordano_ Dresden Gallery. 325
68. JAFFA, PLAGUE OF
_Antoine Jean Gros_ Louvre, Paris. 329
69. JEREMIAH
_Washington Allston_ Yale College Gallery. 338
70. JERICHO, BLIND MEN OF
_Nicolas Poussin_ Louvre, Paris. 339
71. JEROME, COMMUNION OF ST.
_Agostino Carracci_ Bologna Gallery. 340
72. JEROME, COMMUNION OF ST.
_Domenichino_ Vatican, Rome. 341
73. JESUS, SLEEP OF
_Annibale Carracci_ Louvre, Paris. 343
74. JOAN OF ARC IN PRISON
_Paul Delaroche_ Duke of Padua. 344
75. JOB VISITED BY HIS FRIENDS (History of Job)
_Francesco da Volterra_ Campo Santo, Pisa. 345
76. JOHN, ST., BAPTIST
_Leonardo da Vinci_ Louvre, Paris. 347
77. JOHN ST., BAPTIST, ON JORDAN
_Nicolas Poussin_ Louvre, Paris. 348
78. JOHN, ST., BAPTIST, IN WILDERNESS
_Raphael_ Uffizi, Florence. 349
79. JOHN, ST., EVANGELIST, VISION OF
_Alonso Cano_ Private Gallery, Paris. 350
80. JOSEPH, CHASTITY OF
_Johan Bilevelt_ Uffizi, Florence. 356
81. JOSEPH, CHASTITY OF
_Lionello Spada_ Lille Museum. 357
82. JOSEPH IN PRISON
_Spagnoletto_ Escurial, Spain. 358
83. JOSEPHINE, CORONATION OF
_Louis David_ Versailles Museum. 359
84. JUDAS, PAYMENT OF
_Fra Angelico_ Florence Academy. 361
85. JUDITH
_Cristofano Allori_ Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 362
86. JUDITH
_Philip Van Dyck_ Hague Museum. 362
87. JUDITH AND HOLOFERNES
_Artemisia Gentileschi_ Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 363
88. JULIAN, ST., HOSPITALITY OF
_Cristofano Allori_ Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 364
89. JUPITER DESTROYING CRIMES
_Paolo Veronese_ Louvre, Paris. 367
90. JUPITER AND IO
_Correggio_ Vienna Museum. 367
91. JUSTINA, ST., MARTYRDOM OF
_Paolo Veronese_ S. Giustina, Padua. 368
92. JUSTINIAN PROMULGATING THE PANDECTS
_Raphael_ Vatican, Rome. 369
93. KIRMESS
_Rubens_ Louvre, Paris. 388
94. KISS, THROWING A
_Jean Baptiste Greuze_ Alfred de Rothschild, London. 389
95. KNIGHT’S VISION
_Raphael_ National Gallery, London. 394
_PORTRAITS OF PAINTERS._
(DRAWN BY JACQUES REICH.)
PAGE
1. Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock 1
2. Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den 9
3. Elliott, Charles Loring 16
4. Elmore, Alfred 16
5. Elsheimer, Adam 17
6. Engerth, Eduard von 20
7. Enhuber, Karl von 20
8. Erdmann, Otto 23
9. Etty, William 27
10. Everdingen, Allart von 30
11. Exner, Johann Julius 32
12. Eyck, Hubert van 32
13. Eyck, Jan van 33
14. Faccini, Pietro 38
15. Faed, Thomas 38
16. Fattore, Il 43
17. Ferrari, Luca 52
18. Ferri, Ciro 52
19. Feti, Domenico 53
20. Feuerbach, Anselm 53
21. Feyen-Perrin, Augustin 54
22. Fildes, Luke 56
23. Flameng, François 61
24. Flandrin, Hippolyte 62
25. Flinck, Govaert 65
26. Floris, Frans 67
27. Fontana, Lavinia 69
28. Forest, Jean Baptiste 71
29. Förster, Ernest Joachim 73
30. Fortuny y Carbó, Mariano 75
31. Fouquières, Jacques 77
32. Fragonard, Jean Honoré 78
33. Français, François Louis 78
34. Francesca, Piero della 79
35. Franceschini, Marcantonio 80
36. Francia, Francesco 82
37. Francken, Frans, the younger 85
38. Francken, Hieronymus, the elder 87
39. Fréminet, Martin 90
40. Frère, Édouard 91
41. Frith, William Powell 94
42. Frölich, Lorens 94
43. Fromentin, Eugène 95
44. Frost, William Edward 96
45. Führich, Josef Ritter von 98
46. Fuller, George 98
47. Fuseli, Henry 100
48. Gabbiani, Antonio Domenico 101
49. Gaddi, Taddeo 102
50. Gainsborough, Thomas 104
51. Gallait, Louis 106
52. Garbo, Raffaellino del 109
53. Gebhardt, Eduard von 116
54. Geertz, Julius 118
55. Genelli, Bonaventura 121
56. Genoels, Abraham 122
57. Gentileschi, Orazio 123
58. Gérard, François Pascal 126
59. Géricault, Théodore 127
60. Gérôme, Jean Léon 128
61. Gervex, Henri 130
62. Geselschap, Eduard 130
63. Ghirlandajo, Domenico 132
64. Ghirlandajo, Ridolfi 133
65. Gifford, Robert Swain 136
66. Gifford, Sandford Robinson 135
67. Gilbert, Sir John 137
68. Gillot, Claude 138
69. Giordano, Luca 139
70. Giorgione, Il 140
71. Giotto 142
72. Giovanni da Udine 144
73. Girodet de Roussy, Anne Louis 146
74. Giulio Romano 149
75. Glaize, Léon 151
76. Gleyre, Charles Gabriel 153
77. Goltzius, Hendrik 156
78. Goodall, Frederick 157
79. Gow, Andrew C 160
80. Goya y Lucientes, Francisco José de 161
81. Goyen, Jan van 161
82. Gozzoli, Benozzo 162
83. Graff, Anton 164
84. Graham, Peter 165
85. Granet, François-Marius 167
86. Grant, Sir Francis 168
87. Gray, Henry Peters 170
88. Greco, El 171
89. Gregory, Edward John 172
90. Greuze, Jean Baptiste 173
91. Gros, Antoine Jean 178
92. Grosse, Franz Theodor 179
93. Grützner, Eduard 181
94. Gude, Hans Fredrik 183
95. Gudin, Théodore 183
96. Guercino, Il 184
97. Guérin, Pierre Narcisse 185
98. Guffens, Godfroid 186
99. Guido (Guido Reni) 187
100. Guillaumet, Gustave 189
101. Guillemet, Jean Baptiste Antoine 190
102. Gussow, Karl 191
103. Gysis, Nikolaus 193
104. Haas, Mauritz Frederick Hendrick de 194
105. Hagen, Theodor 197
106. Haghe, Louis 198
107. Hagn, Ludwig von 198
108. Hals, Frans 202
109. Hammer, Guido 205
110. Hamon, Jean Louis 206
111. Hanoteau, Hector 207
112. Hansen, Konstantin 208
113. Harlow, George Henry 211
114. Harpignies, Henri 212
115. Harrach, Ferdinand von 212
116. Hart, James McDougal 213
117. Harvey, Sir George 214
118. Hasenclever, Johann Peter 215
119. Haydon, Benjamin Robert 217
120. Hébert, Ernest 220
121. Heem, Jan Davidsz de 222
122. Heemskerk, Marten van 224
123. Heinz, Joseph, the elder 228
124. Helst, Bartholomeus van der 232
125. Hendschel, Albert 234
126. Henner, Jean Jacques 236
127. Herkomer, Hubert 242
128. Herrera, Francisco de, the elder 247
129. Herring, John Frederick 248
130. Hess, Heinrich Maria von 250
131. Heyden, August von 253
132. Heyden, Jan van der 254
133. Hildebrandt, Eduard 257
134. Hildebrandt, Theodor 258
135. Hill, Thomas 259
136. Hire, Laurent de la 262
137. Hodgson, John Evan 264
138. Hoff, Karl 267
139. Hogarth, William 268
140. Hoguet, Charles 269
141. Holbein, Hans, the elder 270
142. Holbein, Hans, the younger 270
143. Holl, Frank 272
144. Homer, Winslow 285
145. Hondecoeter, Melchior d’ 286
146. Honthorst, Gerard van 287
147. Hooch, Pieter de 289
148. Hoogstraten, Samuel van 289
149. Hook, James Clarke 289
150. Horschelt, Theodor 293
151. Horsley, John Callcott 294
152. Hosemann, Theodor 294
153. Houbraken, Arnold 295
154. Howard, Henry 297
155. Huber, Johann Rudolf 298
156. Hübner, Karl 299
157. Hübner, Julius 299
158. Huet, Jean Baptiste 300
159. Humbert, Ferdinand 304
160. Hunt, William Holman 305
161. Hunt, William Morris 306
162. Hünten, Emil Johannes 306
163. Hunter, Colin 307
164. Huntington, Daniel 307
165. Huysmans, Cornelis 309
166. Huysum, Jan van 309
167. Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique 315
168. Inman, Henry 316
169. Inness, George 317
170. Isabey, Jean Baptiste 321
171. Israels, Jozef 321
172. Jacque, Charles Émile 327
173. Jacquemart, Nélie 328
174. Jardin, Karel du 334
175. Jeaurat, Étienne 336
176. Jerichau-Baumann, Elisabeth 338
177. Joest, Jan 346
178. Johnson, Eastman 351
179. Jonghe, Jan Baptist de 353
180. Jordaens, Jakob 354
181. Jordan, Rudolf 355
182. Kaemmerer, Frederik Hendrik 370
183. Kalckreuth, Stanislaus von 371
184. Kalf, Willem 371
185. Kalkar, Hans von 372
186. Karger, Karl 374
187. Kauffmann, Angelica 375
188. Kauffmann, Hermann 376
189. Kauffmann, Hugo 377
190. Kaulbach, Friedrich 377
191. Kaulbach, Friedrich August 377
192. Kaulbach, Hermann 378
193. Kaulbach, Wilhelm von 378
194. Keller, Albert 379
195. Keller, Ferdinand 380
196. Kensett, John Frederick 380
197. Kessel, Jan van, the elder 382
198. Ketel, Cornelis 383
199. Keyser, Nicaise de 384
200. Klöcker von Ehrenstrahl, David 390
201. Knaus, Ludwig 392
202. Kneller, Sir Godfrey 393
203. Knille, Otto 395
204. Koch, Josef Anton 399
205. Koninck, Philip de 404
206. Kotzebue, Alexander von 406
207. Kraus, Friedrich 408
208. Kreling, August von 408
209. Kröyer, Peter Severin 411
210. Krüger, Franz 412
211. Küchler, Albert 413
212. Kurzbauer, Eduard 417
213. Kyhn, (Peter) Vilhelm (Karl) 418
_MONOGRAMS AND SIGNATURES._
PAGE
1. Eberle, Adam 3
2. Ebert, Karl 4
3. Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den 10
4. Ehrhardt, Adolf 12
5. Ellenrieder, Marie 16
6. Elliger, Ottmar, the younger 16
7. Elsheimer, Adam 18
8. Empoli, Jacopo Chimenti da 18
9. Engelbrechtsen, Cornelis 20
10. Enhuber, Karl von 21
11. Es, Jacob van 24
12. Escalante, Juan Antonio 24
13. Espinosa, Jacinto Jeronimo de 26
14. Estense, Baldassare 26
15. Everdingen, Allart van 31
16. Everdingen, Cesar van 31
17. Evers, Anton Clemens 31
18. Eyck, Jan van 34
19. Fabritius, Karel 38
20. Falconnetto, Giovanni Maria 40
21. Falens, Karel van 41
22. Farinati, Paolo 42
23. Fasolo, Lorenzo 43
24. Ferrier, Gabriel 52
25. Feselen, Melchior 53
26. Feti, Domenico 53
27. Fiacco, Orlando 54
28. Flemael, Bartholet 63
29. Flinck, Govaert 66
30. Fontana, Lavinia 69
31. Förster, Ernst Joachim 73
32. Fortuny y Carbó, Mariano 76
33. Fragonard, Jean Honoré 78
34. Francia, Francesco 82
35. Francia, Giacomo di Francesco 82
36. Franck, Franz Friedrich 84
37. Francken, Ambrosius, the elder 85
38. Francken, Frans, the younger 86
39. Franquelin, Jean Augustin 88
40. Fraser, Alexander 89
41. Fréminet, Martin 90
42. Frère, Édouard 91
43. Fries, Ernst 93
44. Fromentin, Eugène 96
45. Furini, Francesco 99
46. Fyt, Jan 101
47. Gabron, Guiliam 102
48. Gaddi, Taddeo 103
49. Gael, Barend 103
50. Gaelen, Alexander van 103
51. Galloche, Louis 107
52. Garofalo, Il 111
53. Gassel, Lucas 112
54. Gassies, Jean Bruno 112
55. Gaudin, Fray Luis Pascual 113
56. Gauffier, Louis 114
57. Geddes, Andrew 116
58. Geel, Joost van 117
59. Genoels, Abraham 122
60. Gentileschi, Orazio 123
61. Gérard, François Pascal 127
62. Géricault, Théodore 128
63. Gérôme, Jean Léon 129
64. Gillot, Claude 138
65. Gimignani, Giacinto 138
66. Giordano, Luca 140
67. Girard, Firmin 144
68. Girodet de Roussy, Anne Louis 146
69. Glink, Franz Xavier 153
70. Goltzius, Hendrik 156
71. Gool, Jan van 158
72. Goupil, Jules Adolphe 160
73. Goyen, Jan van 162
74. Gozzoli, Benozzo 163
75. Gran, Daniel 166
76. Granacci, Francesco 166
77. Grandi, Ercole di Giulio 167
78. Granet, François Marius 168
79. Grebber, Pieter de 171
80. Greuze, Jean Baptiste 174
81. Grévedon, Henri 175
82. Griffier, Jan 175
83. Griffier, Robert 176
84. Grimmer, Hans 177
85. Gros, Antoine Jean 179
86. Gryeff, Adriaan de 182
87. Guardi, Francesco 182
88. Guercino, Il 185
89. Guérin, Pierre Narcisse 186
90. Guibal, Nicolas 187
91. Guido Reni 189
92. Hackaert, Jan 195
93. Hagen, Joris van der 197
94. Hallé, Claude Guy 200
95. Hallé, Noel 201
96. Hals, Dirk 201
97. Hals, Frans, the elder 202
98. Hals, Frans, the younger 203
99. Hamon, Jean Louis 206
100. Harpignies, Henri 212
101. Haudebourt-Lescot, Mme. Hortense Victoire 216
102. Hébert, Ernest 220
103. Heem, Cornelis de 222
104. Heem, Jan Davidsz de 223
105. Heemskerk, Marten van 224
106. Heinz, Joseph, the elder 228
107. Hellemont, Mattheus van 230
108. Helst, Bartholomeus van der 232
109. Hemissen, Jan van 233
110. Hennequin, Philippe Auguste 235
111. Henner, Jean Jacques 236
112. Herkomer, Hubert 243
113. Herp, Guilliam van 245
114. Herrera, Francisco de, the younger 247
115. Hess, Karl 250
116. Hetsch, Philipp Friedrich von 252
117. Heusch, Jacob de 253
118. Heyden, Jan van der 254
119. Hickel, Josef 255
120. Hildebrandt, Theodor 258
121. Hobbema, Meyndert 263
122. Hoecke, Jan van den 265
123. Hoet, Gerard 266
124. Hogarth, William 269
125. Holbein, Hans, the younger 272
126. Hondecoeter, Melchior d’ 286
127. Hondius, Abraham 287
128. Honthorst, Gerard van 288
129. Hooch, Pieter de 289
130. Hoogstraten, Samuel van 289
131. Horemans, Jan Jozef, the elder 292
132. Houasse, Michel Ange 295
133. Houbraken, Arnold 295
134. Huber, Johann Rudolph 298
135. Hudson, Thomas 300
136. Hue, Jean François 300
137. Huet, Jean Baptiste 301
138. Hughtenburgh, Jan van 302
139. Hutin, Charles 308
140. Huysum, Jan van 310
141. Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique 316
142. Isabey, Jean Baptiste 321
143. Israels, Jozef 322
144. Jacque, Charles Émile 328
145. Janssens, Victor Honoré 333
146. Jardin, Karel du 335
147. Jeaurat, Étienne 336
148. Jonge, Ludolf de 353
149. Jordaens, Jakob 355
150. Jouvenet, Jean 360
151. Kaemmerer, Frederik Hendrik 370
152. Kalf, Willem 372
153. Kauffmann, Angelica 376
154. Keirinex, Alexander 379
155. Kessel, Ferdinand van 382
156. Kessel, Jan van, the elder 382
157. Keyser, Thomas de 385
158. Klein, Johann Adam 389
159. Kloeber, August von 391
160. Klomp, Aelbert 391
161. Knaus, Ludwig 393
162. Kneller, Sir Godfrey 394
163. Koekkoek, Barend Cornelis 400
164. Koninck, Philip de 404
165. Koninck, Salomon 404
166. Kulmbach, Hans von 414
167. Kupetzky, Johann 416
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Acad., Academy.
A.N.A., Associate of the National Academy.
A.R.A., Associate of the Royal Academy.
A.R.H.A., Associate of the Royal Hibernian Academy.
A.R.S.A., Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy.
C. & C., Crowe and Cavalcaselle.
Cat., Catalogue.
Ch., Church.
Col., Collection.
Gal., Gallery.
H., Height.
ib., ibidem.
id., idem.
Inst., Institute.
L. of Honour, Legion of Honour.
Mus., Museum.
N.A., National Academy or Academician.
Nat. Gal., National Gallery.
Pal., Palace, Palais, Palazzo.
R., Royal.
R.A., Royal Academy or Academician.
R.H.A., Royal Hibernian Academy or Academician.
R.S.A., Royal Scottish Academy or Academician.
S., San, Santa.
SS., Santi, Sante.
S. M., Santa Maria.
St., Saint.
W. & W., Woltmann and Woermann.
∵ _Words in italics indicate the alphabetical place of articles on
the subjects specified._
CYCLOPEDIA
OF
PAINTERS AND PAINTINGS.
EAKINS, THOMAS, born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1844. Portrait
and genre painter; pupil of Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,
of J. L. Gérôme, Léon Bonnat, and of A. A. Dumont, sculptor. At
present professor of painting at Pennsylvania Academy. Studio in
Philadelphia. Works in oil: William Rush carving his Allegorical
Representation of the Schuylkill; Surgical Clinic of Professor Gross
in Jefferson College, Jefferson Collection; Portraits of Dr. Brinton
and Professor Rand; Chess-Players (1878), Metropolitan Museum, New
York; Professional at Rehearsal, T. B. Clarke, New York; Pair-Oared
Shell (1879); May Morning in the Park (1881), Fairman Rogers,
Philadelphia; Mending the Net, Shad Fishing at Gloucester--on the
Delaware (1882); Singing Girl (1883). Water-colours: Whistling for
Plover, Base-Ball (1876).
EARL, RALPH, born at Lebanon, Conn., about 1751, died at Bolton,
Conn., in 1801. History and portrait painter, self-taught. Was
at first an itinerant portrait painter; went with the Governor’s
Guard to Lexington and Cambridge, and painted from sketches made at
the time four scenes of the battle of Lexington, engraved by Amos
Doolittle, which are believed to be the first historical compositions
by an American artist. Went to London after the war and studied under
Benjamin West, but returned to America in 1786. Among his works are a
large picture of the Falls of Niagara, and portraits of George III.,
Roger Sherman, Judge Ellsworth, Colonel George Willis, Dr. Dwight of
Yale College, and Governor Strong. His son, Augustus Earle, history
and marine painter, fellow-student at Royal Academy in 1813 with C.
R. Leslie and S. F. B. Morse, was known from his roving disposition
as the “wandering artist.” James Earle, portrait painter (died in
Charleston, S. C., in 1796), was perhaps a brother of Ralph.--Bryan
(Graves), 451; French, Art in Connecticut (Boston, 1879), 32.
[Illustration: Bust]
EASTLAKE, Sir CHARLES LOCK, born at Plymouth, Eng., Nov. 17, 1793,
died in Pisa, Italy, Dec. 24, 1865. History painter, pupil in London
of Haydon and of Royal Academy; exhibited at British Institute, in
1813, Christ raising the Daughter of the Ruler of the Synagogue.
Went to Paris in following year to copy pictures in Louvre, but the
escape of Napoleon from Elba obliged him to return to Plymouth,
where he saw the deposed Emperor on the Bellerophon, and from memory
and some hasty sketches painted him surrounded by his officers, a
picture, now belonging to Lord Lansdowne, which brought him into
notice. In 1817 he went to Italy, and in 1819 to Greece, returning
to Rome, where, and at Ferrara chiefly, he spent in all fourteen
years. He sent, in 1823, to the Royal Academy three views of Rome,
but his first work which won special praise was The Spartan Isidas
(1827), now the property of the Duke of Devonshire. He became an
A.R.A. in 1828 and R.A. in 1830; was appointed, in 1841, secretary
to the royal commission for decorating the Houses of Parliament, in
1842 librarian of the Royal Academy, in 1843 keeper of the National
Gallery, and in 1850 was elected president of the Royal Academy and
knighted. From that time until his death he was chiefly engaged in
selecting pictures to be bought by the government for the National
Gallery. He published “Materials for a History of Painting” (1847),
and “The Schools of Painting in Italy,” translated from Kugler
(1851); and edited “Kugler’s Handbook of Painting” (1855). Works:
Christ lamenting over Jerusalem (replica; original, 1841), Haidee
(1831), Escape of the Carrara Family (replica, 1850; original,
1834), Lord Byron’s Dream (1827), National Gallery, London; Una
delivering the Red Cross Knight (1830); Greek Fugitives (1833); Arab
selling Captives (1837); Gaston de Foix before Battle of Ravenna
(1838); Christ blessing Little Children (1840); Hagar and Ishmael
(1843).--Redgrave; Art Journal (1855), 277; Cat. Nat. Gal.; Life by
Lady Eastlake (London); Quarterly Rev., April, 1870; Sandby, ii. 280;
Kunst-Chronik, i. 3; Zeitschr. f. b. K., iv. 93.
EATON, CHARLES HARRY, born at Akron, O., Dec. 13, 1850. Landscape
painter, self-taught. Studio in New York. Works: At Elyria--Ohio
(1881); Near Avon--New York, Apples (1882); Autumn Study of Beech
Trees (1883); Marsh Lands, Meadow Brook, Morning at Lakeside (1884);
Indian Summer, Autumn Days (1885).
EATON, JOSEPH O., born in 1829, died at Yonkers, N. Y., in 1875.
Genre and portrait painter. An Associate of the National Academy
in New York, where his professional life was spent; visited Europe
in 1873. Ideal works: Landscape--View on the Hudson (1868); Moral
Instruction (1869); Last Chapter, Dawning Maternity (1871); Greek
Water-Carrier (1872); Lady Godiva (1874); Tender Thoughts, John Hoey,
New York. Portraits: R. S. Gifford (1869); E. J. Kuntze (belonging
to National Academy, New York); Rev. G. H. Hepworth (1870). The
painter’s own portrait (belonging to the National Academy), and
Looking through the Kaleidoscope, were exhibited after his death.
Water-colours: Vision of the Cross (1869); Little Nell and her
Grandfather (1871); Two Pets (1874).
EATON, WYATT, born at Philipsburg, Canada, May 6, 1849. Portrait and
figure painter; pupil of the National Academy and of J. O. Eaton in
New York, later of Gérôme in Paris. In 1872 he studied and sketched
in England and France. Studio in New York. Works: Farmer’s Boy
(1870); Reverie (1875); Harvesters at Rest (1876); Boy Whittling, G.
A. Drummond, Baltimore; Portrait of William Cullen Bryant (1878); do.
of Miss Ella M. M. (1879); Grandmother and Child (1880); Portrait
(Salon, 1884).--Sheldon, 169; Mag. of Art (1884), 496.
EBEL, FRITZ, born at Lauterbach, Hesse, in 1835. Landscape painter;
was a chemist, but took up painting in Darmstadt in 1856, and in
Düsseldorf under Schirmer in 1857–61. Studied nature in Germany,
Italy, and France, and settled in Düsseldorf. Works: Mountainous
Country (1862); View in Rhön Mountains; Hessian Summer Landscape
(1864); View in Southern Tyrol; Ilse Valley in the Hartz;
Autumn Landscape in Teutoburg Forest; Uklei Lake in Holstein
(1880).--Müller, 151.
EBERHARD, KONRAD, born at Hindelang, Algäu, Nov. 25, 1768, died in
Munich, March 12, 1859. History and portrait painter and sculptor,
first instructed by his father, then studied in Munich and Rome.
Works: Altarpiece with Historic Development, Propagation, and Triumph
of Christianity; Procession of Corpus Christi; portraits of Dante,
Goethe, Cornelius, and Plattner.--Regnet, i. 87.
EBERHARD THE WEEPER (Larmoyeur), Ary _Scheffer_, Louvre, Paris;
canvas, H. 5 ft. × 5 ft. 4 in.; signed. Ulrich, son of Count
Eberhard, of Würtemberg, on recovering from wounds received in
the battle of Reutlingen, which he had lost, sought his father
at Stuttgart. The old knight received him coldly, and when his
son took his seat opposite him at table, seized a knife and cut
the table-cloth between them. Ulrich, stung by the insult, made
extraordinary efforts in the next battle, Doffingen, which he won at
the cost of his life. The picture represents the father alone in his
tent, weeping over his son’s dead body, as described in Schiller’s
ballad. Salon, 1834; Collection of Louis Philippe; from Luxembourg.
Replicas in Corcoran Gallery, Washington, Boston Art Museum, and
Rotterdam Museum. A second picture (Salon, 1851), called Le Coupeur
de Nappe, represents the father cutting the table-cloth.--Art
Treasures of America, i. 5.
[Illustration: Initials]
EBERLE, ADAM, born at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1805, died in Rome in
1830. History painter, student of the Academy at Düsseldorf. After
Cornelius was appointed director, Eberle became his devoted pupil,
painted two remarkable pictures under his influence, and accompanied
him to Munich in 1825, where he painted a large fresco on the ceiling
of the Odeon, and another in the arcade of the Hofgarten. In 1829 he
went to Rome. Works: Entombment, St. Helena and Angels; Apollo with
the Shepherds (fresco, Odeon Hall, Munich); Investiture of Maximilian
I. of Bavaria (fresco, Arcade of the Hofgarten).--Allgem. d. Biogr.,
v. 573; Brockhaus, v. 708; Förster, Denkmale, iii. 29; do. Gesch., v.
13, 67, 78.
EBERLE, ADOLF, born in Munich, Jan. 11, 1843. Genre painter, son
of Robert E., pupil of Munich Academy, and from 1856 of Piloty.
Painted his first picture in 1861. Medal at Vienna, 1868. Works:
Seizure of the Last Cow (1861); Fruitless Effort; Outpost Scene;
Camp School from Thirty Years’ War; Quartering of Pandours; Love
Declaration; Unsuccessful Music Rehearsal; Wedding Day; Subhastation
(1869), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; After Baptism; Zither Lesson; Old
Innsbruck Woman with Granddaughter; Bridal Dance; Saying Grace; The
First Deer (1879); Visit to Bello Family (1883); Hunter’s Lodge
(1884).--Zeitschr. f. b. K., ix. (Mittheilungen, ii. 25); Illustr.
Zeitg. (1884), i. 401, 412; N. illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 510.
EBERLE, ROBERT, born at Meersburg, on Lake Constance, July 22, 1815,
died at Eberfing, near Munich, Sept. 19, 1862. Animal painter, pupil
in Constance of J. J. Bidermann. Went to Munich in 1830 and formed
himself by studying nature, Ruysdael, and Du Jardin; spent three
months in America (1848), and then settled in Munich, where he died
from an accidental pistol shot. Works: Shepherd with Herd returning
Home (1846); Grain Harvest (1848); Morning at Weinheim, Leaving the
Alp (1849); Frightened Sheep, Cattle returning Home, Sheep Resting
(1850); Return from the Fields (1851); Alp on Benedicten Wall, Goats
starting for Pasture, Sheep resting at Noon, Evening in Pasture,
Sheep resting and Shepherd Boy (1852); Sheep during Storm, Early Snow
(1853); Shepherd and Sheep (1854); Shepherd’s Dinner (1855); Sheep
driven by Dog (1856); Village in the Morning, Peasant and Shepherd
(1857); Sheep driven over Precipice by an Eagle (1858), Carlsruhe
Gallery; Village Scene (1859); Suabian Shepherd with Herd (1860), New
Pinakothek, Munich; Cows returning from Pasture (1861).--Allgem. d.
Biogr., v. 574; Andresen, iv. 238; Brockhaus, v. 708.
EBERS, EMIL, born in Breslau, Dec. 14, 1807. Genre painter, pupil of
Düsseldorf Academy in 1831 and 1837. Visited Holland and Normandy
with Ritter and Jordan, whose style he followed. Lives in Breslau,
whither he returned in 1844. Works: Smugglers about to Land (1830),
National Gallery, Berlin; Fisher-Hut with Mother and Daughter (1831);
Smugglers Surprised (1832); Smugglers in Tavern (1833); War Scene in
small Town; Rescued Women among Fishermen (1841); Dutch Smugglers
on Coast of Normandy (1842); Prussian Hussars quartered in France
(1843); Life-Boat (1844); Pilot-Boat (1845); Storm on Inland Sea
(1845); Mutiny on Brig (1848).--Andresen, iv. 217; Brockhaus, v. 709;
Düsseldf. K., 230.
[Illustration: Initials]
EBERT, KARL, born in Stuttgart, Oct. 13, 1821, died in Munich, March
1, 1885. Landscape painter, pupil of Stuttgart Art-School under
Steinkopf. Settled at Munich in 1846. Member of Amsterdam Academy.
Works: Starnberg Lake, Suabian Alp near the Hohenstaufen, Bathing
Children in the Woods (1867), Stuttgart Gallery; Landscape near
Rotterdam; Storm in the Woods; The Seasons; Beech Wood with Sheep
(1871); Evening Landscape (1873); Wood of Tall Trees, Wood Interior
(1874); Chestnut Wood in Tyrol; Forge in the Woods; Vranduk in Bosnia
(1880); Storm (1882).--Brockhaus, v. 712; Illustr. Zeitg. (1881), ii.
441; (1883), i. 466; Kunst-Chronik, xx. 445.
ECCE ANCILLA DOMINI (Behold the Handmaid of the Lord), Dante Gabriel
_Rossetti_, National Gallery, London; canvas, H. 2 ft. 4 in. × 1
ft. 5 in. The Annunciation. Head of Virgin painted from Christina
_Rossetti_; W. M. Rossetti sat for the angel, but it was finished
from another sitter. Royal Academy, 1850; sold in 1853 to Mr.
MacCracken, Belfast, for £52 10s.; Graham sale (1886) bought for
National Gallery (1886), £850.--Art Journal (1884), 150; Athen.
(1883), i. 23.
ECCE HOMO (Behold the Man), the presentation of Christ to the people,
after scourging, by Pilate (John xix. 5).
By Annibale _Carracci_, Dresden Gallery; canvas, H. 3 ft. × 3 ft. 6
in. Christ, half-length, crowned with thorns, with an angel on each
side. From Modena Collection. Engraved by M. Keyl.--Gal. Roy. de
Dresde, i. Pl. 18.
By _Correggio_, National Gallery, London; wood, H. 3 ft. 2 in. ×
2 ft. 7½ in. Christ, half-length, with hands bound and crowned
with thorns; in front, the Virgin sinks fainting into arms of Mary
Magdalen; behind, Pilate looking out of a window, and on other side
the head of a soldier. Painted about 1519–21; bought of the Colonna
family, Rome, by Sir Simon Clarke, who sold it to Murat, King of
Naples; from his widow, the ex-Queen, it passed to the Marquis of
Londonderry, who sold it in 1834, together with the Education of
_Cupid_, to National Gallery for £11,500. Placed by Meyer among the
doubtful works of Correggio. At the end of the 16th century there
were two Ecce Homos claimed to be by Correggio: One belonging to
Count Prati (engraved by Agostino Carracci, 1587), the other to
Lorenzo Salviati, Florence. This latter, which passed to the Colonna
family, is the National Gallery picture. The other has disappeared.
Engraved by Bettelini; Doo; Asioli; Rosaspina.--Meyer, Correggio,
357, 487; do. Künst. Lex., i. 434; Waagen, Treasures, i. 326; Kugler
(Eastlake), ii. 505; Richter, 62.
By _Guido_ Reni, Dresden Gallery; wood, oval, H. 1 ft. 9 in. × 1 ft.
3 in. Head of Christ, crowned with thorns, with eyes turned upward.
One of Guido’s most celebrated pictures, known through many copies.
Presented by Innocent XII. to Augustus II., King of Poland and
Elector of Saxony. Restored by Palm. Engraved by Ant. Krüger.--Gal.
Roy. de Dresde, iii. Pl. 26.
By _Guido_ Reni, Dresden Gallery; copper, H. 2 ft. 8 in. × 2 ft. 1
in. Christ, crowned with thorns and holding a reed in his bound hand;
around his shoulders a red mantle. Formerly in the Imperial Gallery
at Prague, whence bought in 1748. Engraved by C. G. Schultze.--Gal.
Roy. de Dresde, iii. Pl. 4.
By _Guido_ Reni, Louvre; canvas, H. 2 ft. × 1 ft. 6 in. Head of
Christ, crowned with thorns, and surrounded with an aureole; at
right, before his shoulder, a reed. Given to Louis XIV. in 1696 by
the Commander de Hautefeuille.--Filhol, i. Pl. 53; Villot, Cat.
Louvre.
By _Guido_ Reni, National Gallery, London; wood, oval, H. 1 ft. 9½
in. × 1 ft. 4 in. Head of Christ, crowned with thorns. Formerly in
Collection of Benjamin West, P.R.A. Bequeathed to National Gallery by
Samuel Rogers in 1855. Engraved by William Sharp.
By _Murillo_, Lord Ashburton, London; canvas, H. 2 ft. 7 in. × 2
ft. Christ, crowned with thorns, wearing a brown robe, looking up,
half-length. Purchased in 1815 from General Sebastiani.--Stirling,
iii. 1430; Waagen, ii. 102; Curtis, 199.
By _Murillo_, Cadiz Museum; canvas, H. 2 ft. 8 in. × 2 ft. 2 in.
Christ, crowned with thorns, and wrists bound, standing front,
half-length; upper part of body naked, lower part draped with red;
right hand holds a reed. Presented to Capuchin Convent, Cadiz, in
1730, by Doña Catalina Rodriguez; deposited in Museum in 1852.
Repetitions, with changes: Mrs. Thomas Birchall, Preston, Lancashire;
Robert Baillie-Hamilton, Langton House, Dunse, Berwickshire,
Scotland; William C. Cartwright, Aynhoe, Northamptonshire.--Ponz,
Viage, xvii. 339; C. Bermudez, ii. 62; Curtis, 197.
By _Murillo_, Madrid Museum; canvas, H. 1 ft. 9 in. × 1 ft. 4 in.
Bust, three quarters right, looking down; heavy dark hair and beard,
crowned with thorns, purple robe. Companion to _Mater_ Dolorosa,
Madrid Museum. From Isabel Farnese Collection.--Curtis, 198; Madrazo,
487.
By _Murillo_; called The Veronica, original lost? On a napkin,
suspended by two upper corners, which are formed into rosettes, is
the face of Christ, crowned with thorns, the eyes downcast, the
beard short, and the hair falling below the chin. Called La Santa
Faz (The Holy Face); formerly in Capuchin Convent, Seville, whence
disappeared, in what way is unknown.--Repetitions: Lord Overstone,
London; A. J. Beresford-Hope, London.--Curtis, 198.
By Il _Sodoma_, Palazzo Pitti, Florence; wood, H. 2 ft. × 1 ft. 6
in. Christ, half-length, crowned with thorns, and hands bound with a
rope; behind, three executioners. Engraved by I. Bonajuti.--Gal. du
Pal. Pitti, ii. Pl. 80.
By Il _Sodoma_, Siena Academy; fresco, H. 3 ft. 3 in. × 4 ft. 4 in.
Christ, crowned with thorns and bound to the column. Formerly in
cloister of Convent of S. Francesco; cut from wall in 1841.
By Lo _Spagna_, National Gallery, London; wood, H. 1 ft. 3 in.
× 1 ft. Christ crowned with thorns, presented by Pilate to the
people.--Nat. Gal. Cat.
By _Tintoretto_, Munich Gallery; copper, H. 1 ft. 3 in. × 1 ft.
Christ sitting, crowned with thorns, holding in his bound hands the
reed sceptre, aided by an officer; in background, Pilate.
By _Tintoretto_, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice; canvas. Christ lies
fainting on the ground, with a soldier standing beside him; on the
other side, Pilate withdraws the robe from the scourged body and
points it out to the Jews. In treatment, resembles Titian more than
Tintoretto.--Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 352.
By _Titian_, Madrid Museum; slate, H. 2 ft. 3 in. × 1 ft. 9½ in.;
signed. Figure, half-length, turned to the right; arms bound in front
of body; head bent, and blood drops from punctures of the crown of
thorns. Painted in 1547 for Charles V., and carried by Titian to
Augsburg; at Yuste at time of Emperor’s death. A copy, given by
Titian to Aretino, is perhaps the one of the Averoldi collection,
Brescia, now in gallery of Duc d’Aumale; exhibited at Leeds in 1868
and in Paris in 1874.--C. & C., Titian, ii. 160.
By _Titian_, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice; canvas. Christ, with face
inclined and arms folded, sorrowing. Painted before 1500.--C. & C.,
Titian, i. 58.
[Illustration: Ecce Homo, Titian, Vienna Museum.]
By _Titian_, Vienna Museum; canvas, H. 12 ft. × 8 ft.; signed and
dated 1543. Christ presented to the people from the top of a flight
of steps leading from the palace into the square below; the gaoler
below looks on while Pilate (portrait of Aretino) points to the
Captive; the turbaned Turk in the crowd below is Sultan Soliman, and
the knight is said by tradition to be Charles V., but the features
are those of Alfonso d’Este. Painted in Venice for Giovanni d’Anna,
who placed it in his palace, now the Palazzo Martinengo; sold in
1620 to Sir Henry Wotton, English envoy at Venice, for Duke of
Buckingham, who a few years afterward refused £7,000 for it; sold by
his son for about £700 to Canon Hillewerve of Antwerp, who sold it to
the Archduke Leopold, for his brother, the Emperor Ferdinand III.;
removed from Prague to Vienna in 1688 by Emperor Charles VI. Copy in
sacristy of S. Gaetano, Padua, dated 1574.--Vasari, ed. Mil., vii.
429; C. & C., Titian, ii. 92.
Subject treated also by Hans Holbein, elder, Donauschingen Gallery;
Lodovico Carracci, Pal. Doria, Rome; Bartolommeo Montagna, Louvre;
Fra Bartolommeo, Pal. Pitti, Florence; Lodovico Cardi da Cigoli, ib.;
Mabuse, Antwerp Museum.
ECHENA, JOSÉ, born in Spain, contemporary. Paints chiefly oriental
subjects. His picture, The Arrival at Calvary, painted for the high
altar of the Cathedral, Madrid, was exhibited in London in 1884.
Another work, Snake Charmers, was painted in 1882.
ECHTER, MICHAEL, born in Munich, March 5, 1812, died there, Feb. 4,
1879. History painter, pupil of Munich Academy under Heinrich Hess,
Clemens Zimmermann, and Julius Schnorr, then of Olivier; assisted
Schnorr in the decoration of the Royal Palace in Munich, and in 1846
Kaulbach, by whom he was much influenced, in that of the Berlin
Museum. After his return to Munich, he became member of the Academy
in 1862, and professor at the Art School of Industry in 1868. Order
of St. Michael, Belgian Order of Leopold, Bavarian Medal for Art and
Science. Works: St. George, Peter delivered from Prison; Walk to
Emmaus; Battle in Lech Valley in 955 (1860), Treaty of Pavia (both
in Maximilianeum); Barbarossa’s Wedding (1865), Burial of Walther
von der Vogelweide (both in National Museum, Munich); Four Elements
(1865); Telegraphy and Railroad Travelling (1862), Central Railway
Station, Munich; thirty Scenes from Wagner’s Operas (Royal Palace,
Munich); Fancy and Poetry (1873); Aurora; Twelve Months represented
by Children’s Figures.--Brockhaus, v. 722; Kunst-Chronik, xiv. 369;
Regnet, i. 104.
ECHTLER, ADOLF, born at Goritz, Austria; contemporary. Genre and
portrait painter, pupil of Venice Academy under Karl Blaas, of Vienna
Academy under Führich, and of Munich Academy. Lives in Paris. Gold
Medal, Berlin, 1875. Works: Difficult Problem; Peaceful Company; Honi
soit qui mal y pense (1877); Souvenir of Italy, “Thou whom I have
always Loved ...” (1879); The Kiss (1880); Neapolitans in Normandy,
In the Morning (1881); Repentant Sinner (1882); Ruin of a Family, All
is Vain (1883); Souvenir of Venice (1884); Five Orphans (1885).
ECKARDT, CHRISTEN (FREDERIK EMIL), born at Copenhagen, July 2, 1832.
Marine painter, pupil of Copenhagen Academy, but really self-taught;
visited Germany and Italy in 1853–56, and England, France, and Italy
in 1873. Works: View of Venice; Fishermen fleeing from Storm (1862);
Fishermen boarding Yacht (1866).--Weilbach, 139.
ECKENBRECHER, (KARL PAUL) THEMISTOCLES VON, born in Athens, Nov. 17,
1842. Landscape and marine painter, pupil in Potsdam of Wegener,
then in 1861–63 in Düsseldorf of Oswald Achenbach; travelled in
Germany and Switzerland, took part in the campaign of 1870–71,
then, after visiting many parts of Europe, settled in Düsseldorf,
where, since 1880, has painted panoramic views on a large scale.
Works: Thingvalla Lake, Almanadjao, six Icelandic views, Square near
Mosque in Stambool, Chan Street in Stambool (1873); Vöring Fos in
Norway, North Cape, Evening on Bosporus (1875); Brusa (1876); View
on Norwegian Coast (1877); Battle of Gravelotte (1880); Battle of
Nieuwpoort (1881), Entry of Mecca Caravan into Cairo.--Brockhaus, v.
726; Müller, 153.
ECKERMANN, KARL, born in Weimar in 1834. Landscape painter, pupil
from 1849 of Preller, then spent 1855 in Brussels, and in 1856 went
to Carlsruhe to study under Schirmer. Travelled afterwards through
Germany, Belgium, and Holland. Works: Rhine Valley and Vosges; View
on Isle of Rügen; Landscape in Holstein; View on Inn River; Lüneburg
Heath; View on Rhine; Landscape in Storm; series of Still-Life
(Castle Ettersburg, near Weimar).--Müller, 153.
ECKERSBERG, CHRISTOFFER VILHELM, born at Varnaes, Jutland, Jan.
2, 1783, died in Copenhagen, July 22, 1853. History and portrait
painter, pupil of Copenhagen Academy under Abildgaard; won great
gold medal in 1809, went in 1810 to Paris, where he studied under
David, and after his return went to Rome in 1813; became in 1817
member of, 1818 professor in, and in 1827 director of the Copenhagen
Academy. Commander of Order of Dannebrog. Works: Jacob’s Death
(1809); Loke and Sygin (1810); Women at the Holy Sepulchre (1812);
Balder’s Death (1817); Axel and Walburg, Eight Scenes from History
of Oldenburg (1818–28); Christ at Gethsemane (1824); Crossing the
Red Sea (1815), Russian Man-of-War (1828), Danish Ship under Sail
(1835), Sailing Vessels in Sunset, Ships off Copenhagen Roadstead
(1848), four others, Copenhagen Gallery; Death of Balder, Academy,
ib.; Calm Sea (1832); Swedish Fisherman’s Boat (1833); Sermon on
Mount (1834); Meeting at Sea; Pirate Schooner; Kronborg; Portraits
of Oehlenschläger, Thorwaldsen, and of royal family.--Brockhaus, v.
728; Weilbach, 140.
ECKERSBERG, JOHAN FREDERIK, born at Drammen, Norway, in 1822, died
at Sandwik, July 13, 1870. Landscape painter, pupil of Düsseldorf
Academy under Schirmer. At the age of eighteen he had been placed in
a mercantile office in Christiania, but during a previous sojourn of
several years in Holland having imbibed a taste for art, relinquished
his post and entered the technical drawing school, where he obtained
a government stipend in 1824, and went to Düsseldorf. Returned to
Christiania in 1848, lived and sketched in Madeira in 1852–54, and
founded the Academy of Painting at Christiania in 1859. Works: View
in Saeter Valley, Christiania Gallery; High Plain in Middle Norway;
Peak of Romsdalshorn; View in Sigdal; Series of Views in Madeira.
EDDELIEN, MATTHIAS (HEINRICH ELIAS), born at Greifswalde, Pomerania,
Jan. 22, 1803, died Dec. 24, 1852. History painter, pupil of
Copenhagen Academy, and studied in Rome in 1839–44. Executed
paintings for Christiansborg Castle in 1831–32, and after his return
from Rome began to decorate the Chapel of Christian IV. in Roskilde
Cathedral, but was paralyzed in 1852. Medals, 1827, 1831, 1833,
1837. Member of Copenhagen Academy in 1845. Works: David playing
the Harp before Saul (1837); Christ blessing the Children (1840 and
1844); Staerkadder awaiting Angantyr for Combat; Young Faun (1830),
Copenhagen Gallery.--Weilbach, 149.
EDELFELT, ALBERT, born at Helsingfors, Finland; contemporary. Genre
painter, pupil of Gérôme. Lives in Paris. Medals: 3d class, 1880; 2d
class, 1882. Works: Blanche de Namur and Prince Hacquin (1877); Duke
Charles IX. of Sweden insulting the Dead Body of his Enemy Fleming
(1878); Episode in Revolt of Finland Peasants, 1596, The Cherries
(1879); Child’s Funeral in Finland (1880); At the Artist’s (1881);
Divine Service on Sea-shore (1882); Old Finland Peasant Woman (1883);
At Sea (1884); The Little Ship (1885); Under the Beeches, Charity
(Seney Sale, New York, 1885).
EDEMA, GERARD, born in Friesland in 1652, died at Richmond, England,
in 1700. Dutch School. Landscape painter, pupil of Allart van
Everdingen, whom he imitated, and like whom painted chiefly views
in Norway; went to England in 1670, and thence visited Norway and
Newfoundland. The figures in his landscapes were generally supplied
by Thomas Wyck. Works: River Scene, Landscape, Hampton Court Gallery.
EDEN, EXPULSION FROM (Genesis, iii. 24), Giuseppe _Cesari_, Louvre;
copper, H. 1 ft. 6 in. × 1 ft. 2 in. Adam and Eve, nude, fleeing to
right; at left, the angel with a sword. Collections of Prince de
Carignan, of Prince de Conti, and of Louis XVI. Engraved by Levasseur
in Musée français; Villerey in Filhol.--Landon, vii. 10; Filhol, ii.
134; Réveil, vi. 385.
[Illustration: Expulsion from Eden, Masaccio, Brancacci Chapel,
Carmine, Florence.]
By _Masaccio_, Brancacci Chapel, Carmine, Florence; fresco on left
wall. Adam and Eve, their loins covered with fig leaves, are fleeing
before the Angel with a sword, who appears above.--Kugler (Eastlake),
i. 222.
By _Tintoretto_, Venice Academy; canvas. Adam and Eve driven from
Paradise. Companion piece to Death of _Abel_; both formerly in Scuola
di SS. Trinità.--Zanotto, ii. Pl. 69.
EDICT OF WILLIAM THE TESTY, George H. _Boughton_, Corcoran Gallery,
Washington; canvas, H. 3 ft. 6 in. × 5 ft. 6 in. Scene from Irving’s
“Knickerbocker’s History of New York,” Chapter VII. William
the Testy, Governor of New Netherlands, having issued an edict
prohibiting the smoking of tobacco, a multitude of citizens, armed
with pipes and an immense supply of ammunition, sat themselves down
in front of his house and fell to smoking with all their might. The
Governor, with cane uplifted, is threatening the rioters, conspicuous
among whom is Antony van Corlaer, the Trumpeter, and Brinkerhoff,
hero of the clam-and-onion war against the Yankees. Painted in 1877.
Original study, Charles S. Smith, New York.
EDMONDS, FRANCIS W., born in Hudson, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1806, died in
1863. Genre painter, self-taught. For many years connected with the
American Bank-Note Company, on whose notes several of his pictures
were engraved. Exhibited first in 1836, elected an A.N.A. in 1838,
and N.A. shortly after; he was trustee and at one time recording
secretary of the National Academy. Visited Italy in 1840. Works:
Penny Paper (1839); Sparking (1840, engraved by the Art Union);
Boy Stealing Milk (1843), Jonathan Sturges, New York; Florence,
Vesuvius (1844); Sleepy Student (1846); Trial of Patience (1848);
Speculator (1852); Taking the Census (1854); Thirsty Drover (1856);
Bargaining (1858), Image Pedler, Wind-Mill, R. L. Stuart, New York;
Gil Blas and the Archbishop, John Taylor Johnston, ib.; Dame in the
Kitchen.--Tuckerman, 414.
ÉDOUARD, ALBERT, born at Caen (Calvados), April 22, 1845. Historical,
genre, figure, and portrait painter, pupil of Cornu, Gérôme, Cogniet,
and J. E. Delaunay. Medal, 3d class, 1882; 2d class, 1885. Works: Don
Juan cast Ashore (1870); Meditation (1874); Apollo and Daphne (1875);
Odalisque, Indiscreet (1876); St. Leonard and the Prisoner, The
Toilet (1877); St. James led to Execution (1878); Dante and Virgil
on the Frozen Lake (1879); Thetis (1880); Caligula and the Cobbler
(1882); On the Norman Coast in August (1883); Khiomara (1884);
Briseis and her Companions weeping over the Body of Patroclus (1885).
EDRIDGE, HENRY, born at Paddington, Aug., 1769, died in London,
April 23, 1821. Miniature, landscape, and architecture painter in
water-colours; apprenticed to W. Pether, engraver and landscape
painter; student at Royal Academy in 1784; elected an A.R.A. in 1820.
Was a successful painter of miniatures, among his sitters being the
royal family, William Pitt, Lord Macartney, the Spencer family,
Southey, Wordsworth, and Benjamin West. In 1810 he began painting
landscapes, and in 1819 architectural subjects, the first being the
Cathedrals of Beauvais and Rouen. Several of his landscapes are in
South Kensington Museum.--Sandby, ii. 65; Portfolio (1880), 196.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signature]