Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy,
Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South
Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,
Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao
Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,
Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (2) Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
**********
least developed countries (LLDCs)
Note - that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs)
initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having
no significant economic growth, per capita GNPs/GDPs normally
less than $500, and low literacy rates; also known as the
undeveloped countries. The 41 LLDCs are: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali,
Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and
Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu,
Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen
**********
less developed countries (LDCs)
Note - the bottom group in the comprehensive but mutually
exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former
USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed
countries (LDCs); mainly countries with low levels of output,
living standards, and technology; per capita GNPs/GDPs are
generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,000; however, the
group also includes a number of countries with high per capita
incomes, areas of advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth;
includes the advanced developing countries, developing countries,
Four Dragons (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs),
low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly
industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World,
underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries. The 173 LDCs
are: Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla,
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana,
Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Falkland
Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The
Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North
Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle
of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mayotte, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia,
Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal,
Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Pakistan, Panama, Papua
New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto
Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia,
Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank,
Western Sahara, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
**********
low-income countries
Note - another term for those less developed countries with
below-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries
(LDCs)
**********
middle-income countries
Note - another term for those less developed countries with
above-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries
(LDCs)
**********
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
established - April 1987
aim - to arrest missile proliferation by controlling the export
of key missile technologies and equipment
members - (20) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
**********
newly industrializing countries (NICs)
Note - former term for the newly industrializing economies; see
newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
**********
newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
Note - that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that
has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their
economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries
(NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually
includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore,
Taiwan) plus Brazil and Mexico
**********
Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
established - 1-6 September 1961
aim - political and military cooperation apart from the
traditional East or West blocs
members - (101 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana,
Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti,
Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia,
Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea,
Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint
Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Uganda, UAE, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
observers - (9) Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Costa Rica,
Dominica, El Salvador, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Uruguay
guests - (11) Australia, Austria, Dominican Republic, Finland,
Greece, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
**********
Nordic Council (NC)
established - 16 March 1952
effective - 12 February 1953
aim - to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental
cooperation
members - (5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden; note -
Denmark includes Faroe Islands and Greenland
**********
Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)
established - 4 December 1975
effective - 1 June 1976
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
**********
North
Note - a popular term for the rich industrialized countries
generally located in the northern portion of the Northern
Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries
(DCs)
**********
North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) - an extension of NATO
established - 8 November 1991
effective - 20 December 1991
aim - to form a forum to discuss cooperation concerning mutual
political and security issues
members - (35) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan
**********
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
established - 17 September 1949
aim - mutual defense and cooperation in other areas
members - (16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Turkey, UK, US
**********
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
established - NA 1958
aim - associated with OECD, seeks to promote the peaceful uses of
nuclear energy
members - (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
**********
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
Note - also known as the London Suppliers Group
established - 1974
aim - to establish guidelines on exports of enrichment and
processing plant assistance and nuclear exports to countries of
proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability
members - (27) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK, US
**********
Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la
America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)
Note - see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin
America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)
**********
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
established - 14 December 1960, effective 30 September 1961
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (24) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
special member - (1) Yugoslavia
**********
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
established - 25 May 1963
aim - to promote unity and cooperation among African states
members - (50) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,
Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
**********
Organization of American States (OAS)
established - 30 April 1948
effective - 13 December 1951
aim - to promote peace and security as well as economic and
social development
members - (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962),
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US,
Uruguay, Venezuela
observers - (25) Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Cyprus, EC,
Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Guyana, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Morocco, Netherlands,
Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Vatican
City
**********
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
established - 9 January 1968
aim - to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry
members - (11) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, UAE
**********
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
established - 18 June 1981
effective - 4 July 1981
aim - to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation
members - (8) Antigua and Barbuda, British Virgin Islands,
Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
**********
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
established - 14 September 1960
aim - to coordinate petroleum policies
members - (13) Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
**********
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
established - 22-25 September 1969
aim - to promote Islamic solidarity and cooperation in economic,
social, cultural, and political affairs
members - (47 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)
Afghanistan (suspended), Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros,
Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger,
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE,
Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization<ATT>
observer - (1) Turkish-Cypriot administered area of Cyprus
**********
Paris Club
Note - see Group of 10
**********
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
established - NA 1899
aim - to facilitate the settlement of international disputes
members - (75) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,
Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Laos, Lebanon,
Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda,
Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe
**********
Population Commission
established - 3 October 1946
aim - ECOSOC organization dealing with population matters
members - (27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
**********
Rio Group (RG)
established - NA 1988
aim - a consultation mechanism on regional Latin American issues
members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela; note -
Panama was expelled in 1988
**********
Second World
Note - another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states
with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the
Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned
economies
**********
socialist countries
Note - in general, countries in which the government owns and
plans the use of the major factors of production; note - the term
is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist
countries
**********
South
Note - a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized
countries generally located south of the developed countries; the
counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs)
**********
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established - 8 December 1985
aim - to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation
members - (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka
**********
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
established - 6 February 1947
effective - 29 July 1948
aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic and social
matters
members - (27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji,
France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue,
Northern Mariana Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
(Palau), Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands,
Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna,
Western Samoa
**********
South Pacific Forum (SPF)
established - 5 August 1971
aim - to promote regional cooperation in political matters
members - (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall
Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua
New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western
Samoa
observer - (1) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau)
**********
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
established - 11 December 1969
aim - to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters
members - (9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia,
South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda
**********
Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)
established - 1 April 1980
aim - to promote regional economic development and reduce
dependence on South Africa
members - (10) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique,
Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
**********
Southern Cone Common Market
**********
(MERCOSUR)
established - 26 March 1991
aim - regional economic cooperation
members - (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
**********
Statistical Commission
established - 21 June 1946
aim - ECOSOC organization dealing with development and
standardization of national statistics
members - (25) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
**********
Third World
Note - another term for the less developed countries; the term is
fading from use; see less developed countries (LDCs)
**********
underdeveloped countries
Note - refers to those less developed countries with the
potential for above-average economic growth; see less developed
countries (LDCs)
**********
undeveloped countries
Note - refers to those extremely poor less developed countries
(LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least
developed countries (LLDCs)
**********
Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)
Note - see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
**********
United Nations (UN)
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to maintain international peace and security as well as
promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and
humanitarian problems
members - (178) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,
The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Botswana,
Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia,
Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The
Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South
Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,
Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino,
Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,
Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,
Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,
Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members
are represented in the General Assembly
observers - (3 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Monaco,
Switzerland, Vatican City, Palestine Liberation Organization
**********
United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM)
established - 20 December 1988
aim - established by the UN Security Council to verify the
withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola
members - (10) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Czechoslovakia,
India, Jordan, Norway, Spain, Yugoslavia
**********
United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS or Habitat)
established - 12 October 1978
aim - to assist in solving human settlement problems
members - (88) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
**********
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN
International Children's Emergency Fund
established - 11 December 1946
aim - to help establish child health and welfare services
members - (41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
**********
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
established - 30 December 1964
aim - to promote international trade
members - (181) all UN members plus Monaco, Switzerland, Tonga,
Vatican City
**********
United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
established - 22 November 1965
aim - to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and
social development
members - (48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
**********
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
established - 31 May 1974
aim - established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1973
Arab-Israeli ceasefire
members - (4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland
**********
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)
established - 16 November 1945
effective - 4 November 1946
aim - to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture
members - (159) all UN members except Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia
and Hercegovina, Brunei, Croatia, Estonia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Singapore, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UK, US,
Uzbekistan, Vanuatu; other members are Cook Islands, Kiribati,
Monaco, Switzerland, Tonga
associate members - (3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands,
Netherlands Antilles
**********
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
established - 15 December 1972
aim - to promote international cooperation on all environmental
matters
members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
**********
United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
established - 4 March 1964
aim - established by the UN Security Council to serve as a
peacekeeping force beween Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in
Cyprus
members - (8) Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
Ireland, Sweden, UK
**********
United Nations General Assembly
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - primary deliberative organ in the UN
members - (178) all UN members are represented in the General
Assembly
**********
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
established - 17 November 1966
effective - 1 January 1967
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development
especially among the members