Federal Republic of Nigeria
Type:
military government since 31 December 1983
Capital:
Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially moved from
Lagos to Abuja; many government offices remain in Lagos pending completion
of facilities in Abuja
Administrative divisions:
30 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Capital Territory*, Adamawa, Akwa
Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Enugu, Imo,
Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Niger, Ogun, Ondo,
Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe
Independence:
1 October 1960 (from UK)
Constitution:
1 October 1979, amended 9 February 1984, revised 1989
Legal system:
based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law
National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 October (1960)
Executive branch:
president of the Armed Forces Ruling Council, Armed Forces Ruling Council,
National Council of State, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
National Assembly was dissolved after the military coup of 31 December 1983
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court, Federal Court of Appeal
Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government:
President and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces Gen. Ibrahim BABANGIDA
(since 27 August 1985)
Political parties and leaders:
two political parties established by the government in 1989 - Social
Democratic Party (SDP) and National Republican Convention (NRC)
Suffrage:
universal at age 21
Elections:
President:
first presidential elections since the 31 December 1983 coup scheduled for
late 1992
National Assembly:
first elections since it was dissolved after the 31 December 1983 coup
scheduled for 4 July 1992
Communists:
the pro-Communist underground consists of a small fraction of the Nigerian
left; leftist leaders are prominent in the country's central labor
organization but have little influence on the government
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMO, IMF, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Zubair Mahmud KAZAURE; Chancery at 2201 M Street NW, Washington,
DC 20037; telephone (202) 822-1500; there is a Nigerian Consulate General in
New York
:Nigeria Government
US:
Ambassador Lannon WALKER; Embassy at 2 Eleke Crescent, Lagos (mailing
address is P. O. Box 554, Lagos); telephone [234] (1) 610097; FAX [234] (1)
610257; there is a US Consulate General in Kaduna; note - the US Government
has requested Nigerian Government permission to open an Embassy Branch
Office in Abuja; the US Embassy will remain in Lagos until a later date,
when the Branch Office in Abuja will become the Embassy and the Embassy in
Lagos will become a Consulate General
Flag:
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green
:Nigeria Economy
Overview:
Although Nigeria is Africa's leading oil-producing country, it remains poor
with a $250 per capita GDP. In 1991 massive government spending, much of it
to help ensure a smooth transition to civilian rule, ballooned the budget
deficit and caused inflation and interest rates to rise. The lack of fiscal
discipline forced the IMF to declare Nigeria not in compliance with an
18-month standby facility started in January 1991. Lagos has set ambitious
targets for expanding oil production capacity and is offering foreign
companies more attractive investment incentives. Government efforts to
reduce Nigeria's dependence on oil exports and to sustain noninflationary
growth, however, have fallen short because of inadequate new investment
funds and endemic corruption. Living standards continue to deteriorate from
the higher level of the early 1980s oil boom.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $30 billion, per capita $250; real growth rate
5.2% (1990 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
40% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $10 billion; expenditures $10 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)
Exports:
$13.6 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
oil 95%, cocoa, rubber
partners:
EC 51%, US 32%
Imports:
$6.9 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
consumer goods, capital equipment, chemicals, raw materials
partners:
EC, US
External debt:
$32 billion (December 1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.2% (1990); accounts for 8.5% of GDP
Electricity:
4,740,000 kW capacity; 11,280 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
crude oil and mining - coal, tin, columbite; primary processing industries -
palm oil, peanut, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins; manufacturing
industries - textiles, cement, building materials, food products, footwear,
chemical, printing, ceramics, steel
Agriculture:
accounts for 32% of GDP and half of labor force; inefficient small-scale
farming dominates; once a large net exporter of food and now an importer;
cash crops - cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber; food crops - corn, rice,
sorghum, millet, cassava, yams; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs;
fishing and forestry resources extensively exploited
Illicit drugs:
illicit heroin and some cocaine trafficking; marijuana cultivation for
domestic consumption and export; major transit country for heroin en route
from southeast and southwest Asia via Africa to Western Europe and the US;
growing transit route for cocaine from South America via West Africa to
Western Europe and the US
:Nigeria Economy
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $705 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.0 billion;
Communist countries (1970-89), $2.2 billion
Currency:
naira (plural - naira); 1 naira (N) = 100 kobo
Exchange rates:
naira (N) per US$1 - 10.226 (February 1992), 9.909 (1991), 8.038 (1990),
7.3647 (1989), 4.5370 (1988), 4.0160 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Nigeria Communications
Railroads:
3,505 km 1.067-meter gauge
Highways:
107,990 km total 30,019 km paved (mostly bituminous-surface treatment);
25,411 km laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth; 52,560 km
unimproved
Inland waterways:
8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks
Pipelines:
crude oil 2,042 km; natural gas 500 km; petroleum products 3,000 km
Ports:
Lagos, Port Harcourt, Calabar, Warri, Onne, Sapele
Merchant marine:
28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 418,046 GRT/664,949 DWT; includes 17
cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off, 7 petroleum tanker, 1
chemical tanker, 1 bulk
Civil air:
57 major transport aircraft
Airports:
76 total, 64 usable; 33 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over
3,659 m; 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
above-average system limited by poor maintenance; major expansion in
progress; radio relay and cable routes; broadcast stations - 35 AM, 17 FM,
28 TV; satellite earth stations - 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean
INTELSAT, 20 domestic stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable
:Nigeria Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Police Force
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 28,778,532; 16,451,582 fit for military service; 1,256,440
reach military age (18) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $300 million, 1% of GDP (1990 est.)
\
:Niue Geography
Total area:
260 km2
Land area:
260 km2
Comparative area:
slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
64 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Terrain:
steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Natural resources:
fish, arable land
Land use:
arable land 61%; permanent crops 4%; meadows and pastures 4%; forest and
woodland 19%; other 12%
Environment:
subject to typhoons
Note:
one of world's largest coral islands; located about 460 km east of Tonga
:Niue People
Population:
1,751 (July 1992), growth rate - 6.4% (1992)
Birth rate:
NA births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
NA deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
NA migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
NA deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
NA years male, NA years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
NA children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Niuean(s); adjective - Niuean
Ethnic divisions:
Polynesian, with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans
Religions:
Ekalesia Nieue (Niuean Church) - a Protestant church closely related to the
London Missionary Society 75%, Mormon 10%, Roman Catholic, Jehovah's
Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%
Languages:
Polynesian tongue closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%) but compulsory education age 5 to 14
Labor force:
1,000 (1981 est.); most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in
government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Organized labor:
NA
:Niue Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully
responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for
external affairs
Capital:
Alofi
Administrative divisions:
none
Independence:
became a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand on 19
October 1974
Constitution:
19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Legal system:
English common law
National holiday:
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty), 6
February (1840)
Executive branch:
British monarch, premier, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
Legislative Assembly
Judicial branch:
Appeal Court of New Zealand, High Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by New Zealand
Representative John SPRINGFORD (since 1974)
Head of Government:
Premier Sir Robert R. REX (since October 1974)
Political parties and leaders:
Niue Island Party (NIP), Young VIVIAN
Suffrage:
universal adult at age 18
Elections:
Legislative Assembly:
last held on 8 April 1990 (next to be held March 1993); results - percent of
vote NA; seats - (20 total, 6 elected) NIP 1, independents 5
Member of:
ESCAP (associate), SPC, SPF
Diplomatic representation:
none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Flag:
yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of
the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in
the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
:Niue Economy
Overview:
The economy is heavily dependent on aid from New Zealand. Government
expenditures regularly exceed revenues, with the shortfall made up by grants
from New Zealand - the grants are used to pay wages to public employees. The
agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some
cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small
factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The
sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of
revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of
population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand.
GNP:
exchange rate conversion - $2.1 million, per capita $1,000; real growth rate
NA% (1989 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
9.6% (1984)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $5.5 million; expenditures $6.3 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (FY85 est.)
Exports:
$175,274 (f.o.b., 1985)
commodities:
canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaw, root
crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
partners:
NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia
Imports:
$3.8 million (c.i.f., 1985)
commodities:
food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants,
chemicals, drugs
partners:
NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Western Samoa, Australia, US
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
1,500 kW capacity; 3 million kWh produced, 1,490 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
tourist, handicrafts
Agriculture:
copra, coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes; subsistence crops - taro,
yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Economic aid:
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $62
million
Currency:
New Zealand dollar (plural - dollars); 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100
cents
Exchange rates:
New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.8245 (March 1992), 1.7265 (1991),
1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6886 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 April - 31 March
:Niue Communications
Highways:
123 km all-weather roads, 106 km access and plantation roads
Ports:
none; offshore anchorage only
Airports:
1 with permanent-surface runway of 1,650 m
Telecommunications:
single-line telephone system connects all villages on island; 383
telephones; 1,000 radio receivers (1987 est.); broadcast stations - 1 AM, 1
FM, no TV
:Niue Defense Forces
Branches:
Police Force
Note:
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
:Norfolk Island Geography
Total area:
34.6 km2
Land area:
34.6 km2
Comparative area:
about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
32 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
3 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain:
volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Natural resources:
fish
Land use:
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 25%; forest and
woodland 0%; other 75%
Environment:
subject to typhoons (especially May to July)
Note:
located 1,575 km east of Australia in the South Pacific Ocean
:Norfolk Island People
Population:
2,620 (July 1992), growth rate 1.7% (1992)
Birth rate:
NA births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
NA deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
NA migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
NA deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
NA years male, NA years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
NA children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Norfolk Islander(s); adjective - Norfolk Islander(s)
Ethnic divisions:
descendants of the Bounty mutiny; more recently, Australian and New Zealand
settlers
Religions:
Anglican 39%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 16.4%,
Seventh-Day Adventist 4.4%, none 9.2%, unknown 16.9%, other 2.4% (1986)
Languages:
English (official) and Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and
ancient Tahitian
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
Labor force:
NA
Organized labor:
NA
:Norfolk Island Government
Long-form name:
Territory of Norfolk Island
Type:
territory of Australia
Capital:
Kingston (administrative center), Burnt Pine (commercial center)
Administrative divisions:
none (territory of Australia)
Independence:
none (territory of Australia)
Constitution:
Norfolk Island Act of 1957
Legal system:
wide legislative and executive responsibility under the Norfolk Island Act
of 1979; Supreme Court
National holiday:
Pitcairners Arrival Day Anniversary, 8 June (1856)
Executive branch:
British monarch, governor general of Australia, administrator, Executive
Council (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
unicameral Legislative Assembly
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Administrator H.
B. MACDONALD (since NA 1989), who is appointed by the Governor General of
Australia
Head of Government:
Assembly President and Chief Minister John Terence BROWN (since NA)
Political parties and leaders:
NA
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
Legislative Assembly:
last held 1989 (held every three years); results - percent of vote by party
NA; seats - (9 total) percent of seats by party NA
Member of:
none
Diplomatic representation:
none (territory of Australia)
Flag:
three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large
green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
:Norfolk Island Economy
Overview:
The primary economic activity is tourism, which has brought a level of
prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific Islands. The number of
visitors has increased steadily over the years and reached 29,000 in FY89.
Revenues from tourism have given the island a favorable balance of trade and
helped the agricultural sector to become self-sufficient in the production
of beef, poultry, and eggs.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
NA%
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $NA; expenditures $4.2 million, including capital expenditures of
$400,000 (FY89)
Exports:
$1.7 million (f.o.b., FY86)
commodities:
postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia Palm, small
quantities of avocados
partners:
Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe
Imports:
$15.6 million (c.i.f., FY86)
commodities:
NA
partners:
Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe
External debt:
NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
7,000 kW capacity; 8 million kWh produced, 3,160 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
tourism
Agriculture:
Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit,
cattle, poultry
Economic aid:
none
Currency:
Australian dollar (plural - dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3177 (March 1992), 1.2835 (1991),
1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
:Norfolk Island Communications
Highways:
80 km of roads, including 53 km paved; remainder are earth formed or coral
surfaced
Ports:
none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade
Airports:
1 with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m (Australian owned)
Telecommunications:
1,500 radio receivers (1982); radio link service with Sydney; 987 telephones
(1983); broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV
:Norfolk Island Defense Forces
Note:
defense is the responsibility of Australia
:Northern Mariana Islands Geography
Total area:
477 km2
Land area:
477 km2; comprises 16 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian
Comparative area:
slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
1,482 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
12 nm
Continental shelf:
200 m (depth)
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
3 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal
temperature variation; dry season December to July, rainy season July to
October
Terrain:
southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs;
northern islands are volcanic; highest elevation is 471 meters (Mt. Tagpochu
on Saipan)
Natural resources:
arable land, fish
Land use:
arable land 1%; permanent crops NA%; meadows and pastures 19%; forest and
woodland NA%; other NA%
Environment:
active volcanos on Pagan and Agrihan; subject to typhoons during the rainy
season
Note:
strategic location 5,635 km west-southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific
Ocean, about three-quarters of the way between Hawaii and the Philippines
:Northern Mariana Islands People
Population:
47,168 (July 1992), growth rate 3.0% (1992)
Birth rate:
35 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
5 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
38 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
66 years male, 69 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
2.7 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
undetermined
Ethnic divisions:
Chamorro majority; Carolinians and other Micronesians; Spanish, German,
Japanese admixtures
Religions:
Christian with a Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and
taboos may still be found
Languages:
English, but Chamorro and Carolinian are also spoken in the home and taught
in school
Literacy:
96% (male 97%, female 96%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980)
Labor force:
12,788 local; 18,799 foreign workers (1990 est.)
Organized labor:
NA
:Northern Mariana Islands Government
Long-form name:
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Type:
commonwealth in political union with the US and administered by the Office
of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior
Capital:
Saipan
Administrative divisions:
none
Independence:
none (commonwealth in political union with the US)
Constitution:
Covenant Agreement effective 3 November 1986
Legal system:
based on US system except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation
National holiday:
Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)
Executive branch:
US President; governor, lieutenant governor
Legislative branch:
bicameral Legislature consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house
or House of Representatives
Judicial branch:
Commonwealth Court and the Federal District Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989); Vice President Dan QUAYLE
(since 20 January 1989)
Head of Government:
Governor Lorenzo I. DeLeon GUERRERO (since 9 January 1990); Lieutenant
Governor Benjamin T. MANGLONA (since 9 January 1990)
Political parties and leaders:
Republican Party, Alonzo IGISOMAR; Democratic Party, Felicidad OGUMORO
Suffrage:
universal at age 18; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote
in US presidential elections
Elections:
Governor:
last held in November 1989 (next to be held November 1993); results -
Lorenzo I. DeLeon GUERRERO, Republican Party, was elected governor
Senate:
last held on November 1991 (next to be held November 1993); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (9 total) Republications 6, Democrats 3
House of Representatives:
last held in November 1991 (next to be held November 1993); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total) Republicans 5, Democrats 10
US House of Representatives:
the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in Congress; instead, it
has an elected official ``resident representative'' located in Washington,
DC; seats - (1 total) Republican (Juan N. BABAUTA)
Member of:
ESCAP (associate), SPC
Diplomatic representation:
none
Flag:
blue with a white five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a
latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center
:Northern Mariana Islands Economy
Overview:
The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. An
agreement for the years 1986 to 1992 entitles the islands to $228 million
for capital development, government operations, and special programs.
Another major source of income is the tourist industry, which employs about
10% of the work force. Japanese tourists predominate. The agricultural
sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts,
breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Industry is small scale in nature - mostly
handicrafts and fish processing.
GNP:
purchasing power equivalent - $165 million, per capita $3,498; real growth
rate NA% (1982); note - GNP numbers reflect US spending
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
NA%
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $NA; expenditures $112.2 million, including capital expenditures of
$NA (February 1990)
Exports:
$153.9 million (1989)
commodities:
manufactured goods, garments, vegetables, beef, pork
partners:
NA
Imports:
$313.7 million, a 43% increase over previous year (1989)
commodities:
NA
partners:
NA
External debt:
none
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
25,000 kW capacity; 35 million kWh produced, 740 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
tourism, construction, light industry, handicrafts
Agriculture:
coffee, coconuts, fruits, tobacco, cattle
Economic aid:
none
Currency:
US currency is used
Exchange rates:
US currency is used
Fiscal year:
1 October - 30 September
:Northern Mariana Islands Communications
Highways:
381.5 km total (134.5 km first-grade primary, 55 km secondary, 192 km local)
(1991)
Ports:
Saipan, Rota, Tinian
Airports:
6 total, 4 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over
3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
broadcast stations - 2 AM, 1 FM (1984), 1 TV; 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth
stations
:Northern Mariana Islands Defense Forces
Note:
defense is the responsibility of the US
:Norway Geography