4.4 km2
Land area:
4.4 km2
Comparative area:
about 7.5 times the size of the Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
24.1 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
12 nm
Continental shelf:
200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
claimed by Madagascar
Climate:
tropical
Terrain:
undetermined
Natural resources:
guano deposits and other fertilizers
Land use:
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
woodland 90%; other 10%
Environment:
subject to periodic cyclones; wildlife sanctuary
Note:
located in the central Mozambique Channel about halfway between Africa and
Madagascar
:Juan de Nova Island People
Population:
uninhabited
:Juan de Nova Island Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic Jacques
DEWATRE, resident in Reunion
Capital:
none; administered by France from Reunion
:Juan de Nova Island Economy
Overview:
no economic activity
:Juan de Nova Island Communications
Railroads:
short line going to a jetty
Ports:
none; offshore anchorage only
Airports:
1 with non-permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m
:Juan de Nova Island Defense Forces
Note:
defense is the responsibility of France
:Kazakhstan Geography
Total area:
2,717,300 km2
Land area:
2,669,800 km2
Comparative area:
slightly less than four times the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
12,012 km; China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km,
Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Coastline:
0 km
note:
Kazakhstan does border the Aral Sea (1,015 km) and the Caspian Sea (1,894
km)
Maritime claims:
none - landlocked
Disputes:
none
Climate:
dry continental, about half is desert
Terrain:
extends from the Volga to the Altai mountains and from the plains in western
Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia
Natural resources:
petroleum, coal, iron, manganese, chrome, nickel, cobalt, copper,
molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium, iron
Land use:
NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest
and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated
Environment:
drying up of Aral Sea is causing increased concentrations of chemical
pesticides and natural salts; industrial pollution
:Kazakhstan People
Population:
17,103,927 (July 1992), growth rate 1.0% (1992)
Birth rate:
23 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
8 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
-6.1 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
Infant mortality rate:
25.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
63 years male, 72 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
2.9 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Kazakh(s); adjective - Kazakhstani
Ethnic divisions:
Kazakh (Qazaq) 40%, Russian 38%, other Slavs 7%, Germans 6%, other 9%
Religions:
Muslim 47% Russian Orthodox NA%, Lutheran NA%
Languages:
Kazakh (Qazaq; official language), Russian
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write
Labor force:
8,267,000 (1989)
Organized labor:
official trade unions, independent coal miners' union
:Kazakhstan Government
Long-form name:
Republic of Kazakhstan
Type:
republic
Capital:
Alma-Ata (Almaty)
Administrative divisions:
19 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'); Aktyubinsk, Alma-Ata, Atyrau,
Chimkent, Dzhambul, Dzhezkazgan, Karaganda, Kokchetav, Kustanay, Kzyl-Orda,
Mangistauz (Aqtau), Pavlodar, Semipalatinsk, Severo-Kazakhstan
(Petropavlovsk), Taldy-Kurgan, Tselinograd, Turgay (Arkalyk), Ural'sk,
Vostochno-Kazakhstan (Ust'-Kamenogorsk); note - an oblast has the same name
as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name
following in parentheses)
Independence:
16 December 1991; from the Soviet Union (formerly the Kazakh Soviet
Socialist Republic)
Constitution:
new postindependence constitution under preparation
Legal system:
NA
National holiday:
NA
Executive branch:
president with presidential appointed cabinet of ministers
Legislative branch:
Supreme Soviet
Judicial branch:
NA
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV (since April 1990), Vice President Yerik
ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Sergey TERESHCHENKO (since 14 October 1991), Deputy Prime
Minister Davlat SEMBAYEV (since November 1990)
Political parties and leaders:
Peoples Forum Party, Olzhas SULEIMENOV and Mukhtar SHAKHANOV, co-chairmen;
Socialist Party (former Communist Party), Anuar ALIJANOV, chairman;
ZHOLTOKSAN, Hasan KOJAKHETOV, chairmen; AZAT Party, Sabitkazi AKETAEV,
chairman
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA;
seats - (NA total) percent of seats by party NA
Communists:
party disbanded 6 September 1992
Member of:
CIS, CSCE, IMF, NACC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador NA; Chancery at NA NW, Washington, DC 200__; telephone NA; there
are NA Consulates General
US:
Ambassador-designate William Courtney; Embassy at Hotel Kazakhstan,
Alma-Ata, (mailing address is APO AE 09862); telephone 8-011-7-3272-61-90-56
Flag:
no national flag yet adopted
:Kazakhstan Economy
Overview:
The second-largest in area of the 15 former Soviet republics, Kazakhstan has
vast oil, coal, and agricultural resources. Kazakhstan is highly dependent
on trade with Russia, exchanging its natural resources for finished consumer
and industrial goods. Kazakhstan now finds itself with serious pollution
problems, backward technology, and little experience in foreign markets. The
government in 1991 pushed privatization of the economy at a faster pace than
Russia's program. The ongoing transitional period - marked by sharp
inflation in wages and prices, lower output, lost jobs, and disruption of
time-honored channels of supply - has brought considerable social unrest.
Kazakhstan lacks the funds, technology, and managerial skills for a quick
recovery of output. US firms have been enlisted to increase oil output but
face formidable obstacles; for example, oil can now reach Western markets
only through pipelines that run across independent (and sometimes
unfriendly) former Soviet republics. Finally, the end of monolithic
Communist control has brought ethnic grievances into the open. The 6 million
Russians in the republic, formerly the favored class, now face the hostility
of a society dominated by Muslims. Ethnic rivalry will be just one of the
formidable obstacles to the creation of a productive, technologically
advancing society.
GDP:
purchasing power equivalent - $NA; per capita NA; real growth rate - 7%
(1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
83% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $NA million; expenditures $NA million, including capital
expenditures of $1.76 billion (1991)
Exports:
$4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
commodities:
oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat (1991)
partners:
Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Imports:
$NA million (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
machinery and parts, industrial materials
partners:
Russia and other former Soviet republics
External debt:
$2.6 billion (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 0.7% (1991)
Electricity:
17,900,000 kW capacity; 79,100 million kWh produced, 4,735 kWh per capita
(1991)
Industries:
extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc,
copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur) iron and steel,
nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric
motors, construction materials
Agriculture:
employs 30% of the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton,
wool
:Kazakhstan Economy
Illicit drugs:
illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption;
status of government eradication programs unknown; used as transshipment
points for illicit drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $NA billion; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-86), $NA million;
Communist countries (1971-86), $NA million
Currency:
as of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency
Exchange rates:
NA
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Kazakhstan Communications
Railroads:
14,460 km (all 1.520-meter gauge); does not include industrial lines (1990)
Highways:
189,000 km total (1990); 188,900 km hard surfaced (paved or gravel), 80,900
km earth
Inland waterways:
NA km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
crude oil NA km, refined products NA km, natural gas NA
Ports:
none - landlocked; inland - Guryev
Civil air:
NA major transport aircraft
Airports:
NA
Telecommunications:
telephone service is poor, with only about 6 telephones for each 100
persons; of the approximately 1 million telephones, Alma-Ata has 184,000;
international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by
landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through
the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT
and Orbita
:Kazakhstan Defense Forces
Branches:
Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard; CIS
Forces (Ground, Air, Air Defense, and Strategic Rocket)
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18)
annually
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:Kenya Geography
Total area:
582,650 km2
Land area:
569,250 km2
Comparative area:
slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Land boundaries:
3,477 km; Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km,
Uganda 933 km
Coastline:
536 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international
boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis
Climate:
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Terrain:
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile
plateau in west
Natural resources:
gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets,
wildlife
Land use:
arable land 3%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 7%; forest and
woodland 4%; other 85%; includes irrigated NEGL%
Environment:
unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and
economic value; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; glaciers on
Mt. Kenya
Note:
the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural
production regions in Africa
:Kenya People
Population:
26,164,473 (July 1992), growth rate 3.6% (1992)
Birth rate:
44 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
8 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
68 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
60 years male, 64 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
6.2 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Kenyan(s); adjective - Kenyan
Ethnic divisions:
Kikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%,
Asian, European, and Arab 1%
Religions:
Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 6%
Languages:
English and Swahili (official); numerous indigenous languages
Literacy:
69% (male 80%, female 58%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Labor force:
9.2 million (includes unemployed); the total employed is 1.37 million (14.8%
of the labor force); services 54.8%, industry 26.2%, agriculture 19.0%
(1989)
Organized labor:
390,000 (est.)
:Kenya Government
Long-form name:
Republic of Kenya
Type:
republic
Capital:
Nairobi
Administrative divisions:
7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North
Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western
Independence:
12 December 1963 (from UK; formerly British East Africa)
Constitution:
12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979,
1983, 1986, 1988, and 1991
Legal system:
based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in
High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations;
constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state
repealed in 1991
National holiday:
Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Executive branch:
president, vice president, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal, High Court
Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government:
President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice President
George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989)
Political parties and leaders:
ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), Daniel T. arap MOI,
president; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration of Democracy
(FORD), Oginga ODINJA; Democratic Party of Kenya (DP), KIBAKI; note - some
dozen other opposition parties
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held on 21 March 1988 (next to be held before March 1993); results -
President Daniel T. arap MOI was reelected
National Assembly:
last held on 21 March 1988 (next to be held before March 1993); will be
first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law
Other political or pressure groups:
labor unions; exile opposition - Mwakenya and other groups
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS,
NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Denis Daudi AFANDE; Chancery at 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC
20008; telephone (202) 387-6101; there are Kenyan Consulates General in Los
Angeles and New York
:Kenya Government
US:
Ambassador Smith HEMPSTONE, Jr.; Embassy at the corner of Moi Avenue and
Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi (mailing address is P. O. Box 30137, Nairobi
or APO AE 09831); telephone [254] (2) 334141; FAX [254] (2) 340838; there is
a US Consulate in Mombasa
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is
edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is
superimposed at the center
:Kenya Economy
Overview:
Kenya's 3.6% annual population growth rate - one of the highest in the world
- presents a serious problem for the country's economy. In the meantime, GDP
growth in the near term has kept slightly ahead of population - annually
averaging 4.9% in the 1986-90 period. Undependable weather conditions and a
shortage of arable land hamper long-term growth in agriculture, the leading
economic sector. In 1991, deficient rainfall, stagnant export volume, and
sagging export prices held economic growth below the all-important
population growth figure.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $9.7 billion, per capita $385 (1989 est.); real
growth rate 2.3% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
14.3% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%, but there is a high level of unemployment and underemployment
Budget:
revenues $2.4 billion; expenditures $2.8 billion, including capital
expenditures of $0.74 billion (FY90)
Exports:
$1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
commodities:
tea 25%, coffee 21%, petroleum products 7% (1989)
partners:
EC 44%, Africa 25%, Asia 5%, US 5%, Middle East 4% (1988)
Imports:
$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
commodities:
machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleum products
15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumer goods (1989)
partners:
EC 45%, Asia 11%, Middle East 12%, US 5% (1988)
External debt:
$6.0 billion (December 1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 5.4% (1989 est.); accounts for 17% of GDP
Electricity:
730,000 kW capacity; 2,700 million kWh produced, 110 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap,
cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining, cement, tourism
Agriculture:
most important sector, accounting for 29% of GDP, about 19% of the work
force, and over 50% of exports; cash crops - coffee, tea, sisal, pineapple;
food products - corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products;
food output not keeping pace with population growth
Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis used mostly for domestic consumption;
widespread cultivation of cannabis and qat on small plots; transit country
for heroin and methaqualone en route from Southwest Asia to West Africa,
Western Europe, and the US
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7,490 million; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $83
million
Currency:
Kenyan shilling (plural - shillings); 1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents
:Kenya Economy
Exchange rates:
Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 - 28.466 (January 1992), 27.508 (1991),
22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989), 17.747 (1988), 16.454 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
:Kenya Communications
Railroads:
2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge
Highways:
64,590 km total; 7,000 km paved, 4,150 km gravel, remainder improved earth
Inland waterways:
part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya; principal inland
port is at Kisumu
Pipelines:
petroleum products 483 km
Ports:
Mombasa, Lamu
Merchant marine:
1 petroleum tanker ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,727 GRT/5,558 DWT
Civil air:
19 major transport aircraft
Airports:
249 total, 214 usable; 21 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways
over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 46 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
in top group of African systems; consists primarily of radio relay links;
over 260,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 16 AM; 4 FM, 6 TV; satellite
earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT
:Kenya Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 5,688,543; 3,513,611 fit for military service; no conscription
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 1% of GDP (1989 est.)
:Kingman Reef Geography
Total area:
1 km2
Land area:
1 km2
Comparative area:
about 1.7 times the size of the Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
3 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
12 nm
Continental shelf:
200 m (depth)
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds
Terrain:
low and nearly level with a maximum elevation of about 1 meter
Natural resources:
none
Land use:
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
woodland 0%; other 100%
Environment:
barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; wet or awash most of the time
Note:
located 1,600 km south-southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean,
about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa; maximum elevation of about
1 meter makes this a navigational hazard; closed to the public
:Kingman Reef People
Population:
uninhabited
:Kingman Reef Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Navy
Capital:
none; administered from Washington, DC
:Kingman Reef Economy
Overview:
no economic activity
:Kingman Reef Communications
Ports:
none; offshore anchorage only
Airports:
lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by
Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938
:Kingman Reef Defense Forces
Note:
defense is the responsibility of the US
:Kiribati Geography
Total area:
717 km2
Land area:
717 km2; includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands,
Phoenix Islands
Comparative area:
slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
1,143 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Terrain:
mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Natural resources:
phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Land use:
arable land NEGL%; permanent crops 51%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
woodland 3%; other 46%
Environment:
typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; 20 of the 33
islands are inhabited
Note:
Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock
islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia
and Nauru
:Kiribati People
Population:
74,788 (July 1992), growth rate 2.1% (1992)
Birth rate:
33 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
12 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
99 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
52 years male, 56 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
3.9 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - I-Kiribati (singular and plural); adjective - I-Kiribati
Ethnic divisions:
Micronesian
Religions:
Roman Catholic 52.6%, Protestant (Congregational) 40.9%, Seventh-Day
Adventist, Baha'i, Church of God, Mormon 6% (1985)
Languages:
English (official), Gilbertese
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
Labor force:
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
Organized labor:
Kiribati Trades Union Congress - 2,500 members
:Kiribati Government
Long-form name:
Republic of Kiribati; note - pronounced Kiribas
Type:
republic
Capital:
Tarawa
Administrative divisions:
3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - a new
administrative structure of 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line
Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) may have been changed
to 21 island councils (one for each of the inhabited islands) named Abaiang,
Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Canton, Kiritimati,
Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea,
Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina
Independence:
12 July 1979 (from UK; formerly Gilbert Islands)
Constitution:
12 July 1979
National holiday:
Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Executive branch:
president (Beretitenti), vice president (Kauoman-ni-Beretitenti), Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral House of Assembly (Maneaba Ni Maungatabu)
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal, High Court
Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government:
President Teatao TEANNAKI (since 8 July 1991); Vice President Taomati IUTA
(since 8 July 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
National Progressive Party, Teatao TEANNAKI; Christian Democratic Party,
Teburoro TITO; New Movement Party, leader NA; Liberal Party, Tewareka
TENTOA; note - there is no tradition of formally organized political parties
in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because
they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held on 8 July 1991 (next to be held May 1995); results - Teatao
TEANNAKI 52%, Roniti TEIWAKI 28%
House of Assembly:
last held on 8 May 1991 (next to be held May 1995); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (40 total; 39 elected) percent of seats by party
NA
Member of:
ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP (associate), IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, IMF, INTERPOL,
ITU, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador (vacant) lives in Tarawa (Kiribati)
US:
the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati
Flag:
the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising
sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to
represent the ocean
:Kiribati Economy