The orang-utan is found only in Borneo and Sumatra, but is more abundant

in the former island. It is most numerous in the Sarawak Territory. This

animal occupies the fourth highest place in the animal kingdom—first,

man; second, gorilla; third, chimpanzee; and fourth, orang-utan. This

name signifies “Jungle-man,” and is derived from two Malay words,

“orang,” man, and “utan,” jungle. The latter word is usually corrupted

into “otang” or “outang.” The animal itself is rare and difficult to

find. In August, 1878, I went on a hunting expedition for orangs to the

Sadong River, at the mouth of which I settled and commenced prospecting.

One day two men arrived from the headwaters of the Simujan River. They

said they had seen two _mias_ (orangs), and suggested that I should go up

to their village for a week or so. This I did, and was very successful,

taking thirty-one orangs during my first month. In my visit of three

months I secured forty-three orangs. Of these twenty-seven fell to my

rifle, the remainder being shot for me by natives. Our plan of hunting

was to paddle leisurely up and down the streams in a Malay sampan, or

dug-out canoe, and watch the tree-tops on both sides as far back as we

could see. I was armed with a Maynard rifle and field glass, while three

stout Malays or Dyaks furnished the motive power at the paddles. Once in

sight of an orang it was a comparatively easy matter to send a ball into

its breast. On one occasion, while paddling up the Simujan River on a

bright forenoon in September, the Malay suddenly exclaimed “Mias! Mias!

Tuan!” The other paddlers backed water at once, but we saw nothing until

the boat had been backed several yards. Then we espied simply the knee of

a large orang which was lying asleep on a branch about twenty feet above

the water, and twenty yards from us. Its body was completely hidden by

the foliage, so I stood up in the boat and fired at its leg to arouse

it. It started up instantly, growling hoarsely with pain and rage, and

started to swing away with a reach that was surprising in its length.

Fortunately, the water was deep; there were no screw-pines to hinder our

progress, and in a moment our sampan was directly under the old fellow,

who then climbed high into the tree-top to escape us. It was a huge

old mias chappin, the species with the expanded cheeks, long-haired,

big and burly. It growled savagely at us, and one of my Malays kept

saying, “Chappin! Mias Chappin! Fire, sir, fire! That’s Mias Chappin.

Big—big.” My companions were all intensely excited, but I knew the old

fellow was ours, and waited for a good shot. In a moment the opportunity

came, and I fired twice in quick succession at the orang’s breast. It

stopped suddenly, hung for a moment by its hands, then its hold gave

way, and it came plunging downward, snapped off a large dead limb on the

way, and fell broadside into the water, with a tremendous splash which

sent the spray flying all over us. As we seized the arms and pulled

the massive head up to the surface of the water, the old fellow gave a

great gasp, and looked reproachfully at us out of his half-closed eyes.

I will never forget the strange, and even awful sensation with which I

regarded the face of the dying monster. There was nothing in it in the

least suggestive of anything human, but I felt as if I had shot some grim

and terrible gnome or river-god—a satyr, indeed. It was a perfect giant

in size, larger than even the natives had ever seen before. Its head,

body and limbs were of grand proportions, and its weight could not have

been much, if any, less than 190 pounds. This individual is now in the

National Museum, to the extreme left of the group of orangs in the Mammal

Hall. The tallest specimen I secured measured four feet six inches, but

my largest one, that just described, measured half an inch less in height.

There are two species of orang found in Borneo: _Simia Wurmbii_,

characterized in the males by very broad, flat cheek calossities, and

_Simia satyrus_. English naturalists recognize a third species, _Simia

morio_, but without any tenable grounds for doing so.

Orangs in a state of nature are seldom if ever seen on the ground. At

night this animal builds a nest in the forks of a tree or on the top of

a small sapling, by breaking off a quantity of green boughs, and piling

them in the crotch. On these he lies upon his back, grasping with hands

and feet the largest branches within reach. Orangs are perfectly harmless

to human beings unless brought to bay on the ground. They are then as

fierce as tigers. Their food consists of wild fruits, particularly the

durian when in season, the tender shoots of the _Pandanus_, and the

leaves of certain trees.

Although the aboriginal inhabitants of Borneo are divided into several

tribes and scores of sub-tribes or clans, they may with reasonable

exceptions be described as one body, or sub-race, viz.: Dyaks. In general

terms, a Dyak may be described as a Bornean semi-savage, of Malay

extraction, with straight black hair, a yellowish brown complexion, and

smooth face of the Malay type. He is rather below medium stature, but

athletic, and of active and warlike disposition. He is usually clad

only in a bark loin-cloth, but sometimes wears a sleeveless jacket, and

particularly in war, on which occasions it is made of skins or padded

cloth. He is armed with sword and spear, and possibly the _sumpitan_ also

for blowing poisoned arrows. He invariably lives in the jungle, in a long

house-village set up high on posts. Although he has no religion whatever,

and worships nothing, he has profound regard for the rights of property,

respects his wife, and treats her and his children with the highest

consideration. His sustenance is rice, fowls, pigs and fruit grown by

himself, wild animals slain in the forest, and wild fruit, supplemented

by a few things which he receives in exchange for wax, gum, rattans and

gutta, although these are generally given for brass-wire, beads, cloth

and other ornaments. He has no written languages, builds no monuments,

makes no pottery, and only one kind of coarse cloth, carves rather neatly

in wood, and works but little in iron. His bearing is independent,

dignified, respectful. He is a trustworthy friend, but a dangerous foe.

In my judgment the aboriginal inhabitants of Borneo may be divided into

four great tribes: The Kyans, Mongol Dyaks, Land Dyaks and Sea Dyaks.

This classification differs very widely from any hitherto proposed.[K]

The Kyan tribe is numerically the greatest, probably exceeding a quarter

of a million. They are less civilized than the other tribes, are

exceedingly warlike and aggressive. They decapitate their slain enemies,

and keep the cleaned skulls as trophies.

The Mongol Dyaks inhabit northeastern Borneo. They have been greatly

influenced by contact with the Chinese, with whom they have intermarried.

In appearance they resemble the other Dyaks.

The Land Dyaks inhabit the country lying between the Sadong River and

the headwaters of the Sambas, extending southward to the Kapurce, and an

unknown distance beyond. They live inland, and differ in certain customs

from their neighbors, the Sea Dyaks. The Land Dyaks are the only people

in Borneo who burn their dead. The warriors, though brave, are not fond

of war for its own sake, nor are they possessed with an insatiable desire

for plunder, as are the Kyans, and formerly the Sea Dyaks also. Their

social customs closely resemble those of the Sea Dyaks.

The Sea Dyaks consist of seven clans, and occupy all the territory

between the Rejang and Sadong rivers, from the sea-coast southward to the

Kapurce. The Sarawak government estimates their number at 90,000, and the

Land Dyaks at 35,000. The color of a typical Sea Dyak is dark brown, with

a strong tinge of yellow. His hair is long and of a glossy black, and

falls on his shoulders in graceful locks.

The Dyaks are happy and contented. Their wants are few, their diseases

fewer, and their crimes fewer still. In hospitality, human sympathy and

charity, they are not outranked by any people living, as far as I know,

and their morals are as much superior to ours as our intelligence is

beyond theirs. If happiness is the goal of human existence, the Dyak

is much nearer to it than we. In this instance, at least, the highest

civilization has not evolved the most perfect state of society. Is it

possible that man reaches his highest moral development in a state

of savagery? Is it then really true that as we increase in civilized

intelligence, our capacities and propensities for wickedness increase

likewise, and if so, will this always be the case with mankind?

[K] For elaborate discussions of these tribes the reader must consult Mr.

Hornaday’s book, “Ten Years in the Jungle, with Rifle and Knife,” which

has been announced by its publishers, Messrs. Charles Scribner’s Sons, as

nearly ready for circulation.

* * * * *

I am here because God has sent me to do a work that no other being could

do but myself. Had there not been room for me, God had not made me. Had I

not been needed in America, God had not placed me in America. Had I not

work in the nineteenth century, I had not been born.… I have a place—am

sent of God on a mission, and if I perform it God shall acknowledge that

I have done His will.—_From Sermons by Bishop Simpson._

THE WHAT-TO-DO CLUB.[L]

The ordinary village fails to get the best out of life. A candid

examination of average boys or girls of the town or country, brought

up without the influence of outside advantages, too often reveals the

fact that they are not, in refinement, in resources or in thought, the

equal of city young people. There is a painful feeling that they are

narrow. Indeed, they feel this themselves, and complain that they have

“no opportunities.” At the same time the narrow life does not shield them

from temptation, and there are almost as many young men in America going

to ruin under the narrowing influences of country and town life as in the

whirl of cities.

Among women the influence is evident. They are, it is true, largely free

from the temptations of frivolity, extravagance and dissipation, but they

are subject to temptations of no light weight. Their few interests lead

them to gossiping, prying and criticising. Lines of class distinction are

drawn so painfully tight that their lives become narrow in sympathies

and associations. Very largely they lack independence of spirit to help

them dare untried lines of conduct. Many of our American villages and

“corners” are the most trying places in the land in which to live. Few

dare to try improvements, enthusiasm meets little or no response, ideas

travel slowly. Village life _looks_ ideal to one wearied by the rush and

wickedness of a city, but there is in it a peculiarly benumbing influence

which is all the more difficult to contend against because so silent in

its action. Yet there are two of the best conditions for high living

in the surroundings of town and country. There are leisure and quiet.

Anything which will impregnate this rare life with enthusiasm and energy

will furnish the happiest conditions for noble action and steady growth.

It is not an easy problem for a reformer in such a locality, but we

believe Mrs. Campbell in her “What-to-do Club” offers a solution which

will rarely fail among girls and women. “The What-to-do Club” is an

unpretending story, but it has a practical grip on this question. It

introduces us to a dozen or more village girls of varying ranks. One

has had superior opportunities; another exceptional training; two or

three have been “away to school;” some are farmers’ daughters; there

is a teacher, two or three poor self-supporters—in fact, about such an

assemblage as any town between New York and Chicago might give us. But

while there is a large enough company to furnish a delightful coterie,

there is absolutely no social life among them. The differences in

their opportunities they have exaggerated until they feel that their

interests are as unlike as those of Fijis and Bostonians. They look

at each other with curiosity merely, and all of them are bored by the

dullness of their lives. Mrs. Campbell puts a wise woman into their

midst. This woman’s experience has taught her that the barrier between

women of different sets is largely their ignorance of each other, their

belief that they have nothing in common. She finds something in common

for these girls. By a little tact, exerted at a village gathering, she

interests them in herself. A second stroke of policy finds them gathered

in her parlor and she clinches her work by giving them an insight into

practical employments—not pleasures, mind you—but work, for women at

home. The interest excited quickens them all. They become alert, capable,

quick-witted, and suddenly see in each other much of which they had

never before dreamed. The false barriers between women invariably fall

before a common interest. Show them how strangely their minds and lives

are alike and the sympathy of similarity makes friends of them. So the

girls of the “What-to-do Club” found, at any rate. Their meetings became

voyages of discovery. Their discoveries were El Dorados to many a one

of their number perplexed by the want of pin-money, or worse still, of

bread-money. Simple, practical, at-home occupations for leisure hours

was the first study, and it is marvelous what a number they found.

One young lady undertakes strawberry culture, and in a single season

clears, off a quarter of an acre, $154.65. Better still, her vigorous

out-of-door life transforms a pair of pale, hollow cheeks until they are

rosy and plump, and awakens healthful interest which soon makes a happy

heart out of a very discontented one. A half acre put into small fruits,

currants, raspberries and blackberries, opens the way for an active young

philanthropist to start a fund for a future kindergarten for her father’s

employés. It does more. It opens the young lady’s eyes to the dignity of

work, puts a bond of sympathy between her and the people who work for

her, and strengthens the common sense of her whole family. Our strawberry

girl tries poultry and finds it the most delightful of employments. It

pays her, too, one season’s work yielding a clear profit of $86.56 on

an expenditure of $73.40. Bees, with their fascinating history, their

exciting family affairs, their industrious honey making, and their clear,

unfailing profit came in for one young Busybody’s attention, and in a

single season this young merchant clears $113.94. One girl tries silk

worms and sends to the club this report of her summer’s work:

One ounce of eggs $5 00

Fixtures for cocoonery 5 00

------

$10 00

36 pounds stifled cocoons at $1 per pound $36 00

------

Profit $26 00

One of the best discoveries which the club makes is of the possibilities

in fruit canning, jelly making, and, best of all, fruit evaporating.

Like “Dorothy” of the “club,” when we read of the wonders of the latter

we burned to “live in an orchard and evaporate everything that grows.”

How wonderful it seemed to these girls to whom fruit preserving had been

bounded by the limits of the fruit closet and the demands of the table,

to put up jelly for market, to “take in” canning for people too busy to

do their own, to dry fruit in that wonderful evaporator, which would sell

in any market in the country.

It is not strange that these new ideas put into their lives new

possibilities. It showed them that there was something to do at home,

something which was more than a paying employment. For these out-of-door

interests are more. They are health-giving, awakening pursuits. The

girl that engages in such enterprises wins more than a few dollars; she

cultivates the business faculty and arouses a dormant independence which

makes a new creature out of her. This new interest in the lives of Mrs.

Campbell’s girls gave them an interest, at first in purely money making

enterprises, but it soon knit them into friends. Their friendship spread

until they found themselves reading, studying, planning, as one body. The

influence in the story energizes the community. It is, perhaps, quite

possible that in a real club we might meet with more discouragements, but

it is impossible that we fail entirely.

Town and country need more improving, enthusiastic work to redeem them

from barrenness and indolence. Our girls need a chance to do independent

work, to study practical business, to fill their minds with other

thoughts than the petty doings of neighbors. A What-to-do Club is one

step toward higher village life. It is one step toward disinfecting a

neighborhood of the poisonous gossip which floats like a pestilence

around localities which ought to furnish the most desirable homes in our

country.

[L] The What-to-do Club. A Story for Girls. By Helen Campbell. Boston:

Roberts Brothers. 1885.

CRITICISMS.

BY CHANCELLOR J. H. VINCENT, D.D.

The “Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle,” with the general

Chautauqua movement, has had its share of criticism. Its advantages have

been pointed out, and sometimes magnified. Its managers have had their

attention called to the dangers and defects of the system. Personally, I

enjoy adverse criticism and the practical counsel which it has brought

quite as much as words of praise, for praise may paralyze effort,

while the goad of the critic is likely to stimulate both ingenuity and

resolution.

The members of the C. L. S. C. have from the beginning been encouraged to

express freely to the Superintendent of Instruction their dissatisfaction

with either text-books or methods. As a result of this freedom, vigilance

has been promoted, and many improvements have been from time to time

introduced.

The aims of the C. L. S. C. are unique. The provision of text-books

precisely adapted to these unique aims has been one of the ever-present

problems. If our readers were children in the school room, and daily

recitations were practicable, it would be easy to find suitable

text-books on every subject in the curriculum. If these readers were

chiefly high school or college graduates desiring advanced courses of

reading, it would be comparatively easy to provide standard works written

by specialists for specialists, and assuming on every page a large

measure of knowledge already possessed by the reader. If it were the aim

of the C. L. S. C. to study one subject at a time, and that for a long

time, exhaustively, from its alphabet to its “last word,” it would not be

difficult to find numerous text-books on that subject adapted to every

variety of capacity and attainment.

The C. L. S. C. is not, however, designed for school children, nor for

advanced readers, nor for specialists. It has enrolled but few names of

members under eighteen years of age. Its members are “out of school.”

It rejoices in thousands of college graduates, but these take up its

readings not for advanced study as post-graduates, but to review under

favorable conditions the scholastic studies of former years, and in some

cases, perchance, to make amends for carelessness and superficiality

during those years of unappreciated opportunity.

The C. L. S. C. is therefore a “school of reading at home” for college

graduates who desire, whatever the motive, to review the college

course, and for people who, having been deprived of early educational

opportunity, desire by a general course of reading to place themselves

in sympathy with the school and college world; to know something of the

educational courses now being pursued by their children; to test their

own powers by a survey of the varied field of letters, and thus by our

four years’ superficial course of reading prepare for special studies

further on. The C. L. S. C. aims to provide, therefore, first for the

four years’ general course, and afterward for the special studies.

The scope of the four years’ course is the usual college curriculum.

With this aim we began. To this aim we adhere. The success of the scheme

in promoting intellectual quickening and activity has been attested by

thousands who have tried it for several years.

Here lies the chief cause of our embarrassment. It is difficult

to provide books precisely adapted to the needs of our peculiar

constituency. The Superintendent of Instruction and the Counselors have

felt this from the beginning. Heavy and elaborate books discourage a

class which we are anxious to lure into the love of literature. Books

too much abridged fail to satisfy more mature minds. Old books may be

behind the times, or, although acknowledged to be standards, may not

for the reasons above given be fully adapted to our readers. As for new

books—every one knows how hard it is to secure them, and how easily a

flippant criticism may destroy the confidence of the uninitiated in

them. Notwithstanding these embarrassments we have tried to do our best,

providing old books where the council could agree upon them, and new

books where they seemed to be absolutely necessary.

It is not to be expected that any book, especially any new book, will

meet with universal approval. As for criticism—well, who knoweth the

ways of critics with the new books! Did not Samuel Taylor Coleridge say

of Burke’s essay on “The Sublime and the Beautiful,” “It seems to me a

poor thing?” Did not Horace Walpole call Goldsmith “an inspired idiot?”

Did not Dr. Johnson pronounce Fielding a “blockhead?” Does not Hume

affirm that “no page of Shakspere is without glaring faults?” Was not the

manuscript of Thackeray’s “Vanity Fair” rejected because the critic to

whom it was submitted pronounced it “without interest?”

Some books of the C. L. S. C. have excited unfavorable

criticism—religious books by those who do not care to read religious

books at all, and think it an impertinence to obtrude them upon the

general reader; certain scientific books because “not up to the times,”

or the critic being himself a scientific specialist is certain that the

views of our specialist are “unsound.”

Concerning one of the books on the list, a correspondent says:

“It is useless—worse than useless; it is harmful. Its style is

involved, obscure, bombastic, florid, ‘highfalutin’,’ diffuse,

disfigured by straining after effect, by the effort for fine

writing, and by many evil features carefully to be avoided.”

I do not quote the above as a specimen of classic English, but as

indicating the temper of the writer, whose letter is accompanied by

nineteen manuscript pages of closely written criticisms upon the

condemned volume.

Concerning this same book, a high authority in English to whom it was

submitted, has said: “It is a clear, compact, and readable statement of

the laws and principles of speech.” A Boston writer of ability had said:

“This little volume is the very best text-book for any one desiring to

perfect himself in the laws and principles of speech. It is grammar,

rhetoric and composition combined, and is doubly worth its price.” A

Philadelphia critic had said: “A better treatise could not be placed in

the hands of a student who has not been initiated into the intricacies

which make prose composition an intolerable bore to the young.”

Other and equally strong commendations of this book might be quoted,

commendations which were received from trustworthy authorities before

it was placed on our list. I submitted the volume to one of the best

literary critics in the country, who called attention to some errors

which needed correction. Owing to the illness of the author, or for

some other reason, his attention was not called to the corrections

required, and therefore numerous minor defects, which would have been

carefully remedied by its competent and scholarly author, appeared in

the new edition. Dr. Johnson made six thousand alterations in the second

edition of “The Rambler.” But for the oversight, for which I fear I must

acknowledge myself responsible, the volume under consideration would have

been thoroughly revised.

Many local circles have as leaders men of literary ability and

scholarship who, prepared for such wise service by the humility which

comes from years of educational experience, have pointed out these

defects, at the same time fairly representing the true value of the

book, and putting emphasis upon its admirable instructions which, by

hyper-criticism, may have been lost sight of.

Concerning another book on the course, a critic says:

“As a close student of the classics for years past, I must say

that I think there is very little scholarship displayed or

employed in Prof. Wilkinson’s work on Greek literature.… Further,

the arrangement is senseless, even harmful. Literature is a

growth, and largely the reflex of the people’s life and thought.

It must then be treated historically, and not in the topsy-turvy

fashion of Prof. Wilkinson.”

The same writer proposed another series of works on ancient Greek

literature, as a substitute for the two volumes of Prof. Wilkinson. The

series he proposed, however, contained an amount of matter which would

prove utterly discouraging to our readers and which would cost ten times

as much as the more condensed work of Dr. Wilkinson. Besides all this,

the work of Dr. Wilkinson meets the object of the C. L. S. C.

When one gets into the world of criticism, he finds himself among

“doctors” who “disagree.” I have quoted one view of Dr. Wilkinson’s

text-books, presented by our unknown critic. Now for another. Dr. Howard

Crosby, of New York, a most finished scholar and close critic, and a

judge of both English and Greek literature, says: “Dr. Wilkinson’s Greek

course is clear, attractive, judicious in its treatment of the subject,

and fills a valuable place in literature.” Of the second volume, the same

scholar says: “The new volume is thoroughly attractive. It is fully up to

the high standard of the other.” Such commendation as this sustained our

earliest judgment of the works in question. Prof. Frieze, of the Latin

Department of the University of Michigan, says: “I have not yet seen the

‘Preparatory Latin Course in English,’ though I was favored with a copy

of the Greek. I have only to say that if the Latin equals the Greek it

can not fail to be a contribution to classical culture both for classical

and English scholars, of very great value. I have been delighted with

a perusal of Prof. Wilkinson’s critical notices, his own translations,

and his selections of the translations of others, and I sincerely

congratulate him on the admirable style in which he has presented the

matter, as well as the character of the matter itself, and the plan of

the whole work.”

Prof. A. C. Kendrick, D.D., head of the Department of Greek in the

University of Rochester, says:

“The plan of the work is quite unique, yet certainly adapted to

the wants of a large and increasing class of young persons in our

country. Its execution seems to me very felicitous; it is marked

by the taste and scholarship which were to be expected from its

accomplished author.”

Dr. Alvah Hovey, President of the Theological Institution, writes to Dr.

Wilkinson:

“In these latter days I do not often read a volume through from

beginning to end without omitting a chapter, paragraph, or

sentence. But I have read in this way your ‘Preparatory Greek

Course,’ simply because it is so instructive and captivating a

volume that I could not persuade myself to pass over any word of

it unread.”

The Rev. A. P. Peabody, D.D., LL.D., late of Harvard University, writes:

“I have looked through Mr. Wilkinson’s ‘Preparatory Greek Course

in English,’ and am prepared to give it my warmest commendation.

It supplies a need which is more and more felt from year to

year, for two reasons, one for which I rejoice, the higher

standard of culture that prevails in society at large; the

other, inevitable, yet to me a subject of regret, the diminishing

disposition on the part of well-educated people to study the

classical languages.”

The Boston _Watchman_ adds to such commendations as the above the

following testimony:

“The plan is an ingenious one, and is carried out with spirit. It

need not be said that the fine literary taste and critical acumen

of Prof. Wilkinson are shown to much advantage. Only by a fair

trial can the practical worth of such a series be proved. We have

found pleasure in reading the volume.”

In suggesting to Dr. Wilkinson the idea of this “After-school Series,” I

requested him:

1. To give in two volumes the substance of what the college boy in his

preparatory and college course would learn of Greek literature—not the

language, but the literature;

2. To put into his books as far as possible the method and spirit of

the college recitation room, discussing collateral topics, introducing

biographical and classical incidents, and employing illustrations from

modern life and literature; to put his individuality into the work, so

that teacher and pupils might be brought into friendly relations, and

thus something of the animation and enthusiasm of the recitation room be

enjoyed by solitary students.

It is Dr. Wilkinson’s attempt to realize this idea that produces the

impression upon one critic of the “uninstructive chattiness” of the

author. To a man who has just spent eight years in the study of the

classics, and who makes them a specialty, there may be some things in Dr.

Wilkinson’s book which are not instructive; to people for whom the book

was written, there is not an uninstructive page in the book. Perfection

in the recitation room may not be possible. Qualities in the _viva voce_

teacher which attract and delight and benefit one student may not so

favorably impress, and may sometimes almost annoy, another. A member of

the Circle writes (in reference, no doubt, to Dr. Wilkinson’s book): “One

author frequently converses, as it were, with the reader, telling him in

a friendly way of the many things he will relate after a while.… The book

has caused the Circle to be ridiculed, and I could not think it was not

without cause.”

I can readily see how a college graduate, just released from the

recitation room, with lofty ideals of scholarship, and with really a vast

amount of knowledge, might depreciate with a tone of contempt such a work

as that of Dr. Wilkinson. I can see, too, how that smile of contempt from

a scholar with local reputation might annoy and afflict less cultivated

people belonging to a local circle who, devoted to an institution, are

anxious that it and its text-books should receive the commendation

of cultivated men. Just such commendation Dr. Wilkinson’s books have

received. There may be now and then a slight tone of “chattiness.” There

may be too frequent “forecasting of plan and purpose,” but on the whole

the Professor’s work is admirably done, and has received the unqualified

approval of our best students, men and women of the highest culture,

eminent professors of Greek and Latin who fully understand and appreciate

the aim of the author. I can assure my correspondent that there is

nothing in Dr. Wilkinson’s books to cause the Circle or the books to be

“ridiculed” by any true scholar.

A recent university graduate, and I have no doubt a brilliant scholar,

writes:

“I wonder if it is safe to hint that, while the Chautauqua Idea

is a noble and praiseworthy one, it is possible that the working

out of the Idea may be defective?… When the members of the Circle

read so faithfully the works prescribed, giving in many cases

time that can ill be spared, it is but just that the very best

should be given them to study, that alone will be of profit to

the members, and help them to grow.”

The same writer pleads for “vigorous supervision by scholars and

authorities on the respective subjects as the only thing that will enable

the Chautauqua Idea to be carried out in a way that will help, and make

them better and stronger in thought and life.”

This sentiment meets my heartiest approval. Indefatigably and

conscientiously have the Superintendent of Instruction and the Counselors

sought to do this very work for the readers who seek their direction.

It would surprise our friends to examine our budget of criticisms _pro_

and _con_, from all classes of people; from public school teachers,

college professors, ministers, post-graduates, classicists, scientists,

so called “self-made men,” and people who, professing to know almost

nothing, seek advice and offer counsel. We have diligently sought to

profit by the things which have been said.

Our readers must see the difficulties which encompass us; the wide

diversity of opinion concerning certain books, and the impossibility of

securing works which will receive universal approval.

There are persons who do not believe in popular education at all. A

recent correspondent, a man of immense wealth, wrote: “Mechanics and

sewing women should confine themselves to industrial education, and not

aspire to the knowledge of literature and art.” Would it be possible to

produce works on literature and art for the people which a man of that

type could approve?

An author of some pretensions, without much reputation in literary lines,

tried to place a work of his own on the list of the C. L. S. C. _in lieu_

of one on the same subject already adopted. Failing to win a place for

his own, he proceeded in another book savagely to criticise the preferred

volume. Would it be possible for this disappointed author to approve any

book on his specialty that might be placed upon our course?

A certain youthful professor in an American college sneered at the idea

of anybody enjoying the poetry of Homer or of Virgil unless he could

read it in the original. Would it be possible for this literary fop to

appreciate the books which seek to present the best thoughts of the old

authors in classic English?

Dear fellow-student: Feel free to offer criticisms which may be helpful

to the Board of Counsel. We do not modify our policy for every criticism

received. But we weigh conscientiously and carefully all that is said in

favor of or against the prescribed books. From year to year our course

has been modified. I stand ready at all times to accept the best books;

to abandon the best we have for anything better that may be placed within

our reach. And as our experience broadens, helpful criticisms multiply,

and authors understand our peculiar needs, we shall approach more and

more nearly to the ideals which now shine above us.

Do not, I beseech you, fail to protest against false, querulous and

impertinent criticisms, and against that hyper-criticism which delights

in nothing so much as in pointing out faults and defects, losing sight of

the great things in excessive eagerness to detect slight inaccuracies.

Remember that no book is placed upon the course that does not have the

personal approval of the best critics, and remember, moreover, that it

will never be possible to provide a book which is above criticism. As one

of our Counselors writes:

“Good books have always been criticised upon some points

adversely. Plato freely criticises Homer. Quintilian criticises

Cicero. Cicero criticises Demosthenes. Addison criticises Milton.

And in each instance no doubt real faults were pointed out. The

most enlightened French critics used to pooh-pooh Shakspere. They

did likewise with Dante.”

College students, with all their admiration for the professors under whom

they moved through four years of study, have some foibles and defects to

report and laugh at; but on the whole they honor the men who made them

and led them. The authors of our text-books are our professors. On the

whole they have done their work well. It is proper to note their faults

and avoid them, but in defending them, and in being proud of them, and in

rejoicing in the course of reading which they have provided, we have the

endorsement of wise, scholarly and experienced educators.

Finally, let us learn the characteristics of the true critic, and

according to the measure of our ability let us seek to possess them:

“A critic must have breadth, accuracy, sympathy, reverence, and love. He

must have no partialities, and no aversions. He must not be captious, but

just.”

OUTLINE AND PROGRAMS.

OUTLINE OF REQUIRED READINGS FOR JUNE.

_First Week_ (ending June 8).—1. “The Mechanism of English,” in THE

CHAUTAUQUAN.

2. Sunday Readings for June 7, in THE CHAUTAUQUAN.

* * * * *

_Second Week_ (ending June 15).—1. “Easy Lessons in Animal Biology,” in

THE CHAUTAUQUAN.

2. Sunday Readings for June 14, in THE CHAUTAUQUAN.

* * * * *

_Third Week_ (ending June 22).—1. “Home Studies in Chemistry,” in THE

CHAUTAUQUAN.

2. Sunday Readings for June 21, in THE CHAUTAUQUAN.

* * * * *

_Fourth Week_ (ending June 30).—1. “The Heart Busy with Things About Us,”

in THE CHAUTAUQUAN.

2. Sunday Readings for June 28, in THE CHAUTAUQUAN.

PROGRAMS FOR LOCAL CIRCLE WORK.

FIRST WEEK IN JUNE.

1. A Review Lesson—The History of Alexander.

2. Selection—“The Prayer of Agassiz.” By Whittier.

3. Reading—Story of “Perseus.” From “The Heroes.” By Charles Kingsley.

[See “Talk About Books,” in THE CHAUTAUQUAN for May, 1885; also poem in

present number.]

Music.

4. _Conversazione_—The Cause of the Trouble between England and Russia.

5. Selection—“Davie; an Epistle to a Brother Poet.” By Burns.

6. Critic’s Report.

SECOND WEEK IN JUNE.

1. Selection—Alcibiades. From “Plutarch’s Lives,” or from “The Young

Folks’ Plutarch.”

2. A Paper on Our Local Birds.

3. Recitation—“Pegasus in Pound.” By Longfellow.

Music.

4. Essay—Alchemy. [Beside giving definition and history, allusion

might be made to its introduction into fiction. See Goethe’s “Faust,”

Scott’s “Kenilworth” and “Antiquary,” Bulwer’s “Last Days of Pompeii,”

Hawthorne’s “Birth Mark,” Hoffman’s “Sand Man” in “Weird Tales,” and many

other works which these will suggest.]

5. A General Talk on the Rebellion in the Canadian Provinces.

6. A Paper on Richard Grant White.

THIRD WEEK IN JUNE.—MONTHLY PARLOR MEETING.

Music.

1. A Paper on the Practical Education of American Girls.

2. A Character Sketch—Louis Agassiz.

Music.

3. Selection—“The Tragedy of the Night Moth.” By Carlyle.

4. A Sketch of “Edie Ochiltre,” the Beggar in Scott’s “Antiquary.”

Music.

5. Essay—The Parthenon; its History, Description, and Scattered Remains.

6. A Talk on Alaska.

Music.

FOURTH WEEK IN JUNE.—CLOSING EVENING.

1. A Report Presenting a Summary of the Year’s Work.

2. Selection—“Song of the Greeks.” By Thomas Campbell.

Music.

3. Essay—Science and Art in Housekeeping.

4. Recitation—The Dinner Hour. From “Lucille,” Part I., Canto II., 23d

and 24th stanzas.

Music.

5. A Paper on Schliemann’s Researches in Troy.

6. A Half-hour Good-by Social.

The following suggestions are also offered for the closing exercises:

A C. L. S. C. banquet followed by toasts.

A luncheon party and charades.

Readings connected with any part of the year’s work, illustrated by

tableaux.

An evening of games, such as “Characters” or “Twenty Questions,” in which

one of the company selects a character or an object, and is then to be

questioned by all the rest until they find out what he has in mind. The

questions must be asked in such a way that the reply can be “yes,” “no,”

or “I don’t know.” The company who can not guess rightly before the

twentieth question is to be considered dull.

“Throwing Light” is also interesting. One of the party begins to tell

a story, concealing all names. When any one thinks he knows what it is

about he raises his hand, takes up the story, and goes on with it until a

third is enlightened and proceeds with the narrative, and so on until it

is evident to all in the room.

LOCAL CIRCLES.

C. L. S. C. MOTTOES.

“_We Study the Word and the Works of God._”—“_Let us keep our Heavenly

Father in the Midst._”—“_Never be Discouraged._”

C. L. S. C. MEMORIAL DAYS.

1. OPENING DAY—October 1.

2. BRYANT DAY—November 3.

3. SPECIAL SUNDAY—November, second Sunday.

4. MILTON DAY—December 9.

5. COLLEGE DAY—January, last Thursday.

6. SPECIAL SUNDAY—February, second Sunday.

7. FOUNDER’S DAY—February 23.

8. LONGFELLOW DAY—February 27.

9. SHAKSPERE DAY—April 23.

10. ADDISON DAY—May 1.

11. SPECIAL SUNDAY—May, second Sunday.

12. SPECIAL SUNDAY—July, second Sunday.

13. INAUGURATION DAY—August, first Saturday after first Tuesday;

anniversary of C. L. S. C. at Chautauqua.

14. ST. PAUL’S DAY—August, second Saturday after first Tuesday;

anniversary of the dedication of St. Paul’s Grove at Chautauqua.

15. COMMENCEMENT DAY—August, third Tuesday.

16. GARFIELD DAY—September 19.

* * * * *

The great value in doing solid reading is that it enhances the value of

all other experience. A member of the class of ’87, writing from ROME,

ITALY, says: “I think the course for this year particularly interesting,

especially for our party, which is to spend the spring months among the

ruins of that noble capital, Athens.” The reading our friend has been

doing has recommended itself to her foreign friends, who have made many

inquiries about the course of reading, even wishing to be enrolled as

members of our great Circle. The teacher over seas, like the tourist,

finds benefit in the work. A member of the class of ’83, writing from

BULGARIA, says: “The time from six to seven in the morning is all that

I can spare from my other work, but it makes the day brighter to begin

it in this way, and so I read and study and think, and get charming

glimpses of home circles. _Next year_ I mean to have a circle here, and

hope to know enough of the language to put some of the best things into

Bulgarian.”

On the home side of the Atlantic, circle life seems to be vigorous and

growing. The organizations of past years hold to the work, and many new

fields are opened monthly. At BROCKVILLE, ONTARIO, the “Island City”

branch of thirteen members was organized last October. A simple but very

effective method of work has been followed, that of appointing examiners

on each subject, different members being appointed from time to time, so

that all may be kept interested. They have had for president a college

graduate to help them over tough places in their classics, and a

practical chemist is proving the marvels of chemistry to them.

LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA, sends an encouraging word of the progress of

their circle, formed in 1883, and now boasting twelve active members. The

plan for the evening’s work in this circle is very good. Introductory

exercises of prayer, minutes of last meeting, roll call, responded to

by quotations, and a select reading, precede the evening drill, which

is an informal conversation on one or more of the C. L. S. C. studies,

conducted by a leader.——We quite agree with our friend at NIAGARA, who

thinks that Chautauquans ought to know that there are other places in

ONTARIO beside Toronto where circles are doing good work, and that their

town is one of them. If all the Ontario towns have as bright and brave

circles as Niagara, we most certainly hope we shall hear from them.

“In December, 1882,” so their history runs, “we formed a triangle,

with angles of various degrees of acuteness or obtuseness, but did not

commence work till January, and being three months behind time we found

the work rather heavy, but in proof of our zeal can report that not one

of us that year ever missed any of our fortnightly meetings. In October,

1883, we were joined by another member, not less acute, and ‘stood

four-square to all the winds that blow.’ We expected to form a real

circle, with all our angularities smoothed off, but find ourselves this

year with the original three, but from sickness and other reasons have

had our meetings sadly broken in upon, so that we need to use our motto,

‘Never be discouraged.’ So far we have all enjoyed the work. We all lead

busy lives, without our Chautauqua studies, but we hope that they will

give to our lives sweetness and strength, and breadth and power. Many

of us have done more reading each year than the course, but then such

reading is apt to be desultory, and the fact of studying with others

gives greater interest. We have generally kept the memorial days, and we

all hope to visit Chautauqua some time.”

A step has been taken in western MAINE to form a Chautauqua association.

AUBURN, LEWISTOWN and adjoining towns have many members of the C. L. S.

C. In March a meeting was held in Auburn, and after a banquet a motion

was passed providing for an associated circle of all the C. L. S. C.s of

Western Maine. True to the Chautauqua instinct, they are going to have

a summer meeting. MARANOCOOK is the chosen place, and June is the time.

Western Maine Chautauquans have the hearty good wishes of us all for a

delightful summer session. At their March meeting, these friends passed a

just and appreciative resolution of gratitude to Chancellor Vincent for

the happy thought that conceived the Chautauqua Idea, and the untiring

and well directed zeal that has made it so efficient.——At WOODFORDS,

MAINE, the “Arlington” circle of fourteen members held twenty-five

meetings during the winter. Such zealous work justifies their claim that

they possess the “enchanted number” for a circle. The Arlington proposes

a parlor entertainment for a near day.

GREENLAND N. H. has two very strong Chautauqua organizations, the

“Baketel” circle and the “Spare Minute Class.” Founder’s Day was

celebrated with great _éclat_ by these warm admirers of Chancellor

Vincent. A public meeting was held in the town hall, with exercises

of song, recitation, reading and tableaux. The last tableau was so

characteristic it deserves a description. It was “The Chautauquans at

Home,” and represented the entire local circle and spare minute class at

work. One was rocking the cradle and reading, another was at the ironing

table with an open book, and several were sewing and studying at the same

time. A happy close to the evening was a presentation to the honored

president of the circle, the Rev. O. S. Baketel, of an elegant easy chair.

Among the senior circles it is pleasant to be able to count in that of

NORTH GROTON, N. H. The secretary says: “The ‘Angle’ has kept silent

since 1882, thinking that only two was a small number to report as a

local circle, yet all this time we have met at every opportunity, for

reading and questioning. We had long wished for guidance in home study,

and the ‘course’ was eagerly taken as soon as heard of. This year two

earnest ’88s have joined us. With us ‘Chautauqua has come to stay.’

‘For,’ as Dr. Vincent said at Framingham, ‘goals yet grander wait our

winning on the mountains by and by.’”

And now we have a nautical circle. The first mate, so we imagine, has

sent us notes from the log-book, running over their whole course. Perhaps

their sailing may guide another crew: “We have read in THE CHAUTAUQUAN,

from month to month, many interesting reports from local circles, which

have been like fresh breezes to our own sails. One would judge from

reading that _success_ was stamped upon _all_ methods of circle work.

We have thought sometimes that a part of the unwritten history of such

work might be helpful. We suspect that—way back in the annals—some things

were undertaken that did not turn out just right, and a few chapters from

out that experience might save many a small boat from going to pieces in

dangerous waters. In general, the ‘Vincent’ circle, of WEST BRATTLEBORO,

VERMONT, has had fair sailing from port to port, set down on the C. L. S.

C. line of travel. Four years ago a few of us began floating, not knowing

enough ourselves of whither we were bound, to give a general invitation

for ‘all aboard.’ At last, reinforced, we tried to go in two separate

boats, which kept just near enough together, and just far enough apart,

to render such a division of the crew unnecessary, to say the least.

One year we failed to set sail soon enough, and came in late at every

port. This year we make one crew, under one efficient captain, a few

only compelled by circumstances, or preferring to go in their own little

skiffs. October 1, 1884, we set sail, and made directly for the shores

of Greece. Landing under the direction of two well chosen generals, we

scattered to spy out the land, bringing in such reports as we were able,

at the time appointed. On the evening of November 3d we gathered to do

reverence to the memory of one who had wished us ‘Godspeed.’ About that

time experiments in chemistry furnished us with illumination. Since the

observance of that memorial day, we have known that we were still landed

upon the shores of Greece, but reports concerning the country and its

people, past and present, have been few, for finding ourselves in danger

of forgetting, rather never having known, our ‘mother tongue,’ we have

spent some time in practice of the ‘art of speech,’ and, loyal to our

native land, we have observed some of its festivals, and repeated to each

other words from those we all delight to honor.”

For faithful work few circles can exceed that in FRANKLIN, MASS. The

circle numbers sixty-six members, nineteen of them being of the class

of ’88. Meetings are held fortnightly. Not one regular meeting has

been omitted since October 1, 1883. The president, although pastor

of a large church, has been absent but five times since the circle

was formed—November, 1882. The work done at these meetings is solid

review of past readings. “Founder’s Day” was observed by accepting an

invitation from the “Star” circle, FOXBORO, MASS., to visit them and

engage in a “Question Match” on Greek History, after which a bountiful

collation was served, and a social time enjoyed by all. Each heart felt

grateful to Chancellor Vincent for the C. L. S. C.——At ROCKPORT, MASS.,

the circle has fallen from fifteen to five, but the five faithful seem

to enjoy their work too well to need any commiserating. They are so

interested in their studies they actually don’t realize they have grown

smaller—a method of taking things which removes the stings from all

falls in fortune. The “Granite” circle turns each alternate meeting into

a Round-Table, and finds that the plan works capitally. The circle is

anticipating the pleasure of going in a body to Framingham Assembly this

summer.

MASSACHUSETTS is the banner State again. At COCHESETT twenty-four members

form a circle of “Plymouth Rocks.” The Longfellow memorial was their

first experience with special days; a successful experiment, too, we

judge, for they have decided to continue the plan for the remainder of

the year. Cochesett is an Assembly offspring—a child of Framingham, which

gave the first interest to its zealous founder.——The “Philomaths,” of NEW

BEDFORD, send greetings to all our fraternity. Since their reorganization

in October the circle has resolved itself into groups of six or seven,

which hold weekly round-tables for thorough study.——It is wonderful what

enormous interest some circles get on their investments. Here is the

“Bryant,” of WORCESTER, MASS., actually making 100 per cent. in less

than two years. In the fall of 1883 they began with twenty members,

to-day they number forty. Is it far-fetched to attribute something of

their success to the “question basket,” which forms an important part

of their program?——The “Alphas,” thirty-two in number, of ATTLEBOROUGH,

send us some capital hints for our programs. At a Greek evening recently,

ten of their number were selected to give brief descriptions of Greek

heroes—the rest of the company guessed the hero described. A half hour

was also spent at the Mardigras, and a friend, fresh from the carnival

scenes, described his experiences among the merry masqueraders. At an

hour of electrical experiments a very happy device was exhibited recently

before the circle. The electricity played over tin-foil, with grooves

an eighth of an inch apart, and through a stencil-like arrangement

showed to the surprise of the circle the illuminated letters, “C. L.

S. C.”——_The Saturday Union_, of LYNN, MASS., is doing most effective

work for the Chautauquans of its vicinity, and a strong body of workers

it has to serve. By a late issue we notice that there are in the

city six circles, and the list of Chautauquans, which appears with

their residences in the same paper, includes 114 names. This “goodly

companie” has given a course of lectures this winter; the seventh in

the course was on “Electricity”—and by a lady who, we are happy to say,

illustrated her talk by apparatus of her own making. Our Chautauqua

women! How proud we are growing of their ability, their pluck, their

womanliness!——NORTH BROOKFIELD’S circle has recently been favored by a

poem on “The Chautauqua Idea,” also by a woman.——It would be unjust to

allow a mistake, which found its way into last month’s “Local Circles,”

to go uncorrected. At the Longfellow celebration held by the Chautauquans

of Boston and vicinity, there were five hundred instead of fifty persons

present.

The treasurer of the “Hall on the Hill” to be erected at Framingham

this year, paid a well deserved compliment to the “Clio” circle, of

PROVIDENCE, R. I., when he said that he wished there were more circles

like the “Clio.” These energetic friends took Chancellor Vincent at his

word last summer, when he promised to lecture for any circle which would

pledge $200 to the “Hall on the Hill.” They raised the money, had their

lecture, and are satisfied. Their hard work seems to have only whetted

their intellectual appetites, for they have had a long list of brilliant

talks by distinguished men in addition to regular circle work. By the

way, the New England branch of the class of ’87 was to hold a meeting

in Providence in April, and the “Clio” was to act as hostess. What was

done? A Providence neighbor of the “Clio” is the “Channing” circle of

twenty-five members. We notice that these Providence friends use a very

pretty and appropriate heading on their letter paper. At the top of the

sheet, in the corners, appear the names of president, vice president and

secretary, and below “Headquarters of the Channing Circle of the C. L. S.

C.”

A party of DANBURY, CONN., Chautauquans went abroad one night not long

ago to see “Athens in the Golden Age.” A delightful time these tourists

had. They made the passage of the Mediterranean Sea, and at Athens

visited the Acropolis, went to the Areopagus to listen to Pericles,

called on Xantippe, and did a hundred more interesting things, at last

coming home via “Plymouth Rock.” The “Nestors,” however, do much beside

travel. They have an excellent method of working the question box, which

is an inevitable part of their program. The questions are gathered just

before adjournment, and shuffled, each member drawing one. The first

exercise after roll call at the next meeting is the answering of these

queries. The imaginary trips which our Danbury friends like so well,

the “Alpha” circle, of NORWICH, makes a part of each evening’s work.

When they journeyed from Boston to New York they went with Howells in a

“Sleeping Car.” They have lived over, on paper, all the preparations for

the trip abroad, the life on the steamer, and have done the sight-seeing

of the British Isles. These tourists have enlivened their travels by many

a happy device. Once it was a _conversazione_, and again, in preparation,

perhaps, for their visit to Athens, a pronouncing match on Greek proper

names. What wonder they have had a phenomenal growth! Last year there was

not a circle in Norwich, now there are six. When the “Alpha” organized

last fall, it was with eleven members, to-day they have fifty. Nothing to

be surprised at, perhaps. It seems to have been “good growing weather”

for the C. L. S. C., throughout New England.——MERIDEN, CONN., has had

the common experience, the circle having increased to sixty-six members.

They have found the key to the mastery of the Greek names and chemical

terms. The pronouncing matches have unlocked the doors and the fortunate

Meridenites are able to talk glibly on their Grecian rambles. A second

circle, “Hanging Hills Class,” was organized last fall in Meriden. It has

grown to twenty members, who are doing superior work. This class observed

Longfellow’s Day appropriately. The ’89 outlook must be very promising in

Meriden.——“A small twig of the great New England branch,” the “Endeavor,”

of STRATFORD, calls itself, and a healthy fruit-bearing twig, if small,

we should call any circle that can double its membership, as it has done,

in less than a year.

A splendid move has been made by the Chautauquans of NEW YORK CITY. The

circles had never united there for public work until, April 9th, after

a deal of planning and much labor the various local circles in the

city, with one from JERSEY CITY, held a public meeting at the Broadway

Tabernacle. Chancellor Vincent was secured to deliver the address. A

large and enthusiastic audience, numbering about 1,200 persons, was

present. “School after School, or the Every-day College” was the theme

of the address. The friends who had prepared the meeting were more

than jubilant over the way the interesting lecture “took” among their

guests, and declared that though some of them had long been members

of the C. L. S. C. all of them received new vistas of the work. After

the lecture the Chancellor held a reception, at which the members of

the following New York circles were received by him: The “Garfield,”

“Irving,” “Unique,” “Spare Moment,” “Central,” “Park Avenue,” and the

“Round-Table,” of Jersey City.——BROOKLYN has a “Pierian” spring, at

which twenty-five devotees of the muses “drink deep” and joyously.

Essays, debates, recitations, quizzes, poems, and chemical experiments

are the draughts these friends draw from their well. So happy are

they in their festivities that another year they hope to see a sister

welling up by their side.——At RANDALL’S ISLAND, NEW YORK CITY, there

is one of those steady, hard-working circles, which by their fruits so

favorably impress the people who watch them. The “Excelsior” has been in

existence for two years and has a roll of seventeen persons. A program

full of good points is carried out at their regular sessions, which are

interrupted only by Memorial services. The secretary finds, he writes,

that the influence and example in regard to Chautauqua work is shown

by an increased attendance and membership.——When circles increase in

geometrical ratio—and a little over—year after year, it is not strange

that a time should come when the leader inquires “What _shall_ we do?”

At GLENS FALLS four graduates, eleven ’86s, twenty-three Pansies, and

fifty-nine Plymouth Rocks—ninety-seven in all—form the circle. It is

an unwieldy number to study together, but, writes the secretary, “We

are fearful that division into smaller circles will greatly lessen the

membership. We are considering for next year this plan: We shall have our

general meetings as at present and encourage the formation of sections

for special meetings, making the leaders of the sections, together with

the officers of the general circle, an executive committee.” The plan is

good, and if the monthly joint meetings are made “state occasions,” there

will be but little danger of the sections losing ground.——At TROY the

monthly meetings are conducted in an admirable way—not one of the least

of the secrets of their success is their habit of sending out cards with

the program, and some such stirring word as this:

“We hope every member will be prepared with some facts on No. 6

[“No. 6” was a _conversazione_ on “Our Territories”]. Let us make

it a success. Our whole course is highly remunerative to one who

reads. Make your hours count for profit. We have all the time

there is. Not everything that comes to us and asks a little of

our time should be granted audience or gratification.”

A similar plan is followed by the “Mettowee” circle, of GRANVILLE, N. Y.

A “Round-Table” on a recent program was, “What we have seen (mentally or

otherwise) during the past week.” If the Glens Falls people will make

their monthly meetings big enough to arouse the pride of the members

of the section, the result will not be doubtful.——SHUSHAN, N. Y., has

two circles. The younger of the two is reported as “fast becoming one

of the fixed and instructive institutions of the village,” a state that

the three-year-old circle of DEANSVILLE is already in, we surmise,

from the report of the work of its membership. The Deansville circle

holds an annual public meeting, at which an entertainment is provided

and refreshments served. Preparations are being made for this year’s

meeting.——A “Crescent” has appeared in KNOXBORO since the year 1885

began. Though so late in beginning that they are obliged to devote almost

all their time to the readings, and are too busy to prepare elaborate

programs, the interest has not flagged since the start. The “Crescent”

has ten members.——SYRACUSE has always been one of the most interesting

of the local centers of the C. L. S. C. Their graduates, of whom one is

the genial Secretary of Chautauqua, Mr. W. A. Duncan, have organized a

chapter of the “S. H. G.” They propose to hold monthly meetings, and to

pursue one of the special courses of study. The membership of this new

class is eleven now, and there will be yearly “more to follow.”——The

“Philomathean,” of LANCASTER, N. Y., opening with 10 members, has

grown to fifteen beside honorary and local members. Constant variety

in programs, no “set way,” and hard work have been the maxims of their

success.

The “Broadway” circle, of CAMDEN, N. J., puts in after a program of

remarkably good timber, and the outline of their thorough organization,

this healthy testimony: “‘Broadway’ circle is busily engaged in promoting

this home study, and the older we grow the more we are able to discern

the many blessings derived from it; the more we read and study the books

the more does it stimulate our interest and thirst for knowledge.”——At

PHILLIPSBURG, N. J., the circle has met this year with a sad loss in

the death of Mrs. F. B. Holbert. Mrs. Holbert was a member of the class

of ’84, the president of the circle in Phillipsburg at the time of her

death, and a most zealous friend of the C. L. S. C. To her the circle

at Phillipsburg owes its existence.——At BRIDGEPORT a circle of eight

was organized in October, 1884. A faithful leader has helped to keep

them interested and alive, and already they write that a taste for solid

reading has been acquired by the members.——A local circle has been

organized at EAST ORANGE, with eighteen members. The favorite name,

“Alpha,” has been given the class. One of their late meetings of unusual

interest was the celebration of Longfellow’s birthday, at which, among

other exercises, we notice what must have been a particularly pleasing

number, “The Better Land,” illustrated by tableaux.

The genial, kindly associations of circles are one of their greatest

charms. How the kindly attention, the pleasant surprises kindle the

hearts and knit the affections! CARLISLE, PA., circle has recently

experienced all the delight of doing one of these pleasant deeds. The

birthday of their president, Dr. Whitney, was celebrated by a genuine

surprise. A game of chess at a neighbor’s was the bait which enticed

him from home, where, on his return, the Chautauquans of his circle,

thirty-one strong, greeted him with good cheer and good wishes. It

pays to slip into our Chautauqua life many of these pleasant little

affairs.——Several notices of Longfellow celebrations held by PENNSYLVANIA

circles reached us too late for the May issue of THE CHAUTAUQUAN. At

BETHLEHEM, where there is a “thoroughly congenial” circle of ten, the day

was appropriately observed. This circle has found a scheme of study which

it reports works very well for them. The time from 7:30 to 10:00 p. m. on

the evening of meeting is divided into half-hour periods. These periods

are all but one devoted to quizzes on the subjects laid down in THE

CHAUTAUQUAN outline, the extra period being given to a discussion of the

works of some well known author.——At PITTSBURGH the “Hiawatha” observed

the day with an excellent program, carried out before many friends. This

circle—fifteen in number—is one of last fall’s harvest. Their motto,

“Bound to Win,” tells the stuff they’re made of.——The wide-awake circle

at NEW WILMINGTON, PA., prepared a program covering Founder’s day, and

Longfellow’s, and reported a “royal good time” for their trouble. There

are twenty-four members in the circle; their unanimous verdict is: “The

C. L. S. C. has been a source of intellectual growth to us. And we have

been led by it to take a wider view of the possibilities of life.”——A

very good program of a Longfellow service comes from PLYMOUTH. We notice

an analytical study among the numbers, and would commend such services to

the circles as particularly profitable.——The LOCK HAVEN circle, at its

Longfellow evening, paid a high compliment to the circle at RENOVO, by

reading the program carried out by the latter on a previous evening, and

sending their greetings and congratulations to the Renovo Chautauquans,

that they have grown so strong and enthusiastic in but one year’s

readings.——We are always sorry to miss in geography, but we will “own

up;” we did in the April issue. The “Golden Flower” is not a Tennessee,

but a Pennsylvania blossom, and HATBORO is a Keystone town. The “Golden

Flower” has sent a series of really model programs recently.——From a

friend at GILMORE, PA., we learn of the “Foster Brook” circle. This

class was organized in October, 1882, with twenty-one members, but in

a few months its course was rudely broken by the death of one of their

young but zealous members, Mr. Henry Howe, of the class of ’86. The work

was again taken up, but February, ’84, Mr. H. F. Howe, father of the

former, and a member of the same class, was laid away by the side of his

son. Though so tried by sorrow our friends have bravely followed their

work, saddened, yet rejoicing.——It is an experience that many circles

have, we imagine, this of the TUNKHANNOCK circle, of finding that their

second year’s reading goes much more easily than the first, and that

they have time for many things in their circle which once they did not

have. One good thing that the “Tunkhannock” occasionally slips in is

important items of news from the secular press.——The “Mountaineers,” of

CLEARFIELD, is one of the many, many circles brought into the field by

Chancellor Vincent’s kindling fervor. It is an ’88 circle, and numbers

fifteen members. Reviews, readings, and conversation supplement the

programs of THE CHAUTAUQUAN. The reviews, particularly, they have found

valuable. Each book is taken up after being read, questions made out

on it, and answers given by the circle. Outlines of the books are also

sometimes prepared. This latter plan we do not remember to have noticed

in the reports before, but we know it to be a very effective method for

reviewing the facts or arguments in a book.——We rarely open our monthly

budget of letters without finding a WASHINGTON, D. C., representative.

This month we have a program from the “Wesley Chapel” circle, a good

one, of course, like all the Chautauqua work done in Washington. An

interesting item on it is “The Public Buildings of Athens,” illustrated

by photographs.

A MIDDLETOWN, MD., letter suggests a new way of managing a local circle.

“We are the ‘Mayflower’ circle, numbering five,” our friend writes, “As

we are active members of a literary society, which meets weekly, we

have no circle meetings, but talk over our readings, and Chautauqua in

general, when opportunities offer. We are earnest and interested, and

expect to enter upon next year’s work with increased knowledge, zeal, and

numbers.”

A bed of KENTUCKY Pansies is filling all the air of HARDINSBURG with

sweetest fragrance. “Of all the red letter days in our circle calendar,”

writes one of them, “Longfellow’s day is the brightest. We send you a

program of our last celebration, and a delightful evening we had carrying

it out. A year ago we thought we could not have another Longfellow’s

evening as pleasant as was that. We feel assured that the evening just

passed was more nearly what such an evening should be. In looking back

from this standpoint upon the past year, we are inspired for renewed

energies and work for the years to come.”——Another Pansy of Kentucky,

from BEWLEYVILLE, writes: “The C. L. S. C. has been of immense benefit

to me. My irregular habits of study and desultory reading, instead of

strengthening, had enervated my mind.… My CHAUTAUQUAN and books are a

great source of pleasure to some of my acquaintances who are not pursuing

the course.”

CHILLICOTHE, OHIO, has, in the Walnut Street M. E. Church, an

enthusiastic band of twenty-two workers, who report themselves as

“progressing finely.” At a recent meeting a lecture on the “Art of

Speech,” by the able Episcopalian rector of the city, was greatly enjoyed

by the class.

It must be that a millennium has reached the circle of ERIE, MICHIGAN. If

there is another circle in the country that can say as much, we should

like to know where they are and how they do it. The Eries are forty-five

in number, and though some of the members live six miles apart, and the

meetings are held at the houses, yet through all the past long and dreary

winter there was an average attendance of more than three fourths of

the membership. “And,” thus writes our correspondent, “each member is

expected to do whatever the committee may assign him. We never have a

failure. The program is always carried out to the letter.”——At CASNOVIA,

a circle of nine was organized in October last. Like nearly all our

students, they are extremely busy people, but yet thorough in their

work. They hold informal meetings for discussions and conversation on

the readings of the month.——The first of January a circle was organized

at MILFORD, Michigan, composed of twelve ladies, not all of them ’88s,

there being a sprinkling of graduates and seniors to give direction to

“Plymouth Rock” enthusiasm.——“One more Michigan circle” is heard of at

JONESVILLE. The circle started out with twelve members, and is keeping

up a working membership of nine. The meetings are very enjoyable, every

one taking part in the most interesting and informal way.——Last October a

wave of Chautauqua enthusiasm passed DUNDEE, Michigan, which resulted in

organizing a C. L. S. C. of six members. They call the new organization

“Longfellow’s” circle, and hope with the next year the numbers will

increase. The circle has observed all memorial days, which have proved of

great benefit and interest.——Evidently the “wave” has not left Michigan

yet, for we have just received a card telling of the organization and

election of officers of a new circle at GREENVILLE. Success to their

efforts.——A sample of the work which the C. L. S. C. helps the student

to do, the GRAND RAPIDS, Michigan, circle furnishes in a recent program.

The exercises included, in brief, papers which took “broad, quick views.”

Articles upon Thucydides, Socrates, Plato, Herodotus, Sappho, Greek

Mythology, British Association for the Advancement of Science, American

Soil, Life of Longfellow, and a review of Longfellow’s novel, “Hyperion.”

This circle has made a big stride since last year, its membership having

increased from twenty-three to thirty-seven.——The new pronoun which

troubled some of our students has been employed by a correspondent from

the circle at JACKSON, MICH. Perhaps his zeal to fill up this “long

felt want” in language will make more clear to our readers the use of

“thon.” These circle notes are very suggestive: “We meet weekly at the

home of one of the members, a system we have found to be an improvement

on that of meeting in a public hall. Chautauqua’s special sphere of

influence is in the home; it is here ‘thon’ expects to do work which

will be lasting, and eventually permeate every department of life. It

will then be easily understood why ‘thon’ should find home and its

associations a more congenial place of meeting than a public hall. Our

meetings are conducted much in the usual manner, except, perhaps, our

mode of managing a ‘discussion.’ To this feature we make special claim

as being the originators. The leader of these talks, whose duty it is to

‘keep the ball rolling,’ is, with the subject, chosen a week beforehand.

Each of the members is expected to inform ‘thonself’ on the topic thus

allotted, and to be prepared to give an opinion or ask questions. Richard

Grant White’s language articles, ‘The Art of Speech,’ and ‘The Temperance

Teachings of Science,’ have already been dealt with in this profitable

and interesting way.”

We are glad to be able to introduce INDIANA this month with a clipping

from a private letter to the lady here so honored:

“WABASH, IND.

“I want to tell you how our local circle of the C. L. S. C.

honored itself last night in deciding to be called the ‘Frances

Willard’ circle, and, furthermore, to observe your birthday as

a memorial day.… We have in our circle, as you may suppose, a

number of ladies active in the work of the W. C. T. U. Our circle

numbers thirty-two. It was organized in ’79, but never christened

until last night. The vote on the name was unanimous.”

From ALBION, INDIANA a friend writes: “We have organized a circle here

consisting of twenty-four members. Prof. E. C. White, superintendent

of schools, is our leader; and is greatly interested in our circle and

its work. We meet each week, at the residences of the members, taking

them alphabetically. The majority of the teachers in our public schools

belong to the circle, and all the members are much interested in their

work.”——And still another from the same state, from FOWLER, says: “We

organized in October, 1884, with nine members; the circle now numbers

fourteen members, of four different classes. One item of each program

is a question drawer, questions to be taken from suggestions of the

weekly readings. If any question is not answered by the circle, it is

assigned to some member to be answered at the next meeting. I find this

stimulates all to read carefully, as no one can know just what part of

the week’s reading is to be investigated. This is a most interesting

feature, and we can get those to engage in this who will do nothing

else. We have two members living at a distance who are only present in

person occasionally, but always present in manuscript when on program,

so we call them our ‘paper members.’”——A Chautauqua circle was organized

at LIGONIER, Indiana, in October, 1884, with a membership of seventeen,

and named the “Ligonier Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle.” In

it are represented three denominations. The programs are so varied as

to avoid monotony in the exercises. One night the committee gave topics

for brief essays, on another, questions to be answered at next meeting.

The members of the circle pronounce the prescribed course of study

excellent and interesting in its details, and feel grateful for a plan so

far-reaching and so beneficent in its results. Bryant’s, Milton’s, and

Longfellow’s days were observed by devoting to them and their works the

entire evening. A knot of cardinal and old gold ribbon constitutes the

circle’s badge. The circle is highly pleased with the motto “Let us be

seen by our deeds,” and many of the members express themselves satisfied

with their name, “Plymouth Rocks.”——We have received the list of names of

the members, fifteen in all, which form the circle of BROOKVILLE, Ind. We

are hoping to receive some of the Brookville circle’s experiences soon.

The “Peripatetics” of CHICAGO, ILL., is an organization formed last

fall. There are twelve members. The circle, we fear, is not using the

local circles’ reports right, if, when they read them, they feel almost

discouraged at the little they have accomplished. The whole spirit of

Chautauqua is, “what has been done can be done,” and our work is mainly

to show by actual example what has been done. The “Peripatetics” have

too many opportunities for doing superior work, living as they do, in

such a city as Chicago, to grow discouraged.——The death of Richard Grant

White has been a great loss to Chautauquans. His admirable “Studies in

English” had met the warmest reception, and when they were cut short

by his death all our readers felt they had met a personal loss. It was

this feeling that led a Chicago circle to add to their resolutions of

respect passed upon Mr. White’s death, a clause stating that as a feeble

expression of their regard and, as a token of respect to his memory,

their local circle be hereafter known as the “Richard Grant White.”——For

novel diversions, commend us to the “Alpha,” of QUINCY. This circle has

sandwiched a great amount of fun in with its solid work this winter,

nor has it been to the injury of the work. On College day they had a

sleigh ride, not long after a mock trial; they have introduced a paper,

the _Symposium_, which gives an opportunity for numberless hits, and on

Valentine’s day the _Symposium_ furnished the entertainment, each member

having sent to the editor an anonymous piece of poetry.——A circle was

organized in STERLING last October, and has now nine members. They have

no officers, and each meeting is conducted by the lady at whose house

it is held. Their informal way of doing things has some advantages. An

invalid member is mentioned, who, like many others, finds relief in

affliction by having something to do, and doing it religiously.

On one of the last evenings of September, a few Morrisonians met and

organized the “Alpha Society,” of MORRISON, ILLINOIS. They number

fifteen, and have accomplished much by the winter’s work. The plan

has been to take the outline of required reading, as laid down in THE

CHAUTAUQUAN, and prepare the lesson as thoroughly as possible by the use

of books and encyclopædias. At the meetings the class recites the lessons

learned the week before. Occasionally they have an essay, or select

reading.——A circle of twenty members was organized in JACKSONVILLE,

Ill., last October, with the Rev. H. E. Butler, pastor of Congregational

Church, as president. They have given special attention thus far to the

Greek course, enlarging the reading, and bringing in other authors as far

as possible. Now that the Greek is nearly finished the circle is bringing

chemistry into prominence.——The “Oakland” circle, of CHICAGO, Illinois,

was organized in February, 1884, and belongs to the “Pansy” class. It

has a good _constitution_, and hopes to survive till the graduation of

its members. This circle is composed entirely of ladies, among whom are

representatives of six churches in the South Division of the city. The

meetings, which are held semi-monthly at the houses of the members, are

well attended. Absent members are informed by postal cards of the place

of the next meeting, the parts assigned them on the program, and the

author from whom quotations are to be given. Those who are absent three

times in succession are expected to present a suitable excuse to the

society. At the close of the year a reception was given, to which each

member invited a gentleman friend. A fine literary and musical program

was rendered, and refreshments were served. The guests, among whom were

ministers, lawyers, army officers, and members of the Chicago Board of

Trade, were called upon to express their opinions of the C. L. S. C. A

most enjoyable evening was spent.

A flourishing circle has existed at PORTAGE, WISCONSIN, for three

years. It is only one of three, however, for last year the pastor of

the M. E. Church organized a circle which is still active, and this

year the Presbyterian pastor started a third. The _mother_ circle is

undenominational, as best becomes her position. One feature of this

circle’s year is its annual reception. Let the secretary tell how it

is managed: “We have heretofore held a reception at the close of each

year, to which were invited the people of the place presumed to be most

interested in education. The exercises have always been highly commended,

and our work well appreciated by those in attendance—indeed, we consider

our best missionary work has been done by this means—and many members

added through the instrumentality of a sugar-coated dose of hard work

(or its results, rather). Many people would attend a party, to whom a

literary meeting of any kind is a ‘delusion and a snare.’”

THE C. L. S. C. CLASSES.

CLASS OF 1885.—“THE INVINCIBLES.”

“_Press on, reaching after those things which are before._”

OFFICERS.

_President_—J. B. Underwood, Meriden, Conn.

_Vice President_—C. M. Nichols, Springfield, Ohio.

_Treasurer_—Miss Carrie Hart, Aurora, Ind.

_Secretary_—Miss M. M. Canfield, Washington, D. C.

_Executive Committee_—Officers of the class.

* * * * *

After Commencement, what? More of the same sort, undoubtedly—of a better

sort, if possible. The members of the class of ’85 are now near enough

to the “finish” to arrive at some more or less mature conclusions as to

the future. They find that the word “commencement” is to be no misnomer,

and is not even to be criticised. For after four years of reading and

study the students find that they have not come to the end, but only

to the beginning. The matter selected for them has been so good, so

substantial, and really so inspiring, as a whole, that an immortal, if

not divine, sort of hunger for the best in literature, science, art,

philosophy, has been created in their minds, and they could hardly

stop if they desired. The aggregate amount of literary and scientific

information which has been acquired is really large, and much of it has

been retained as a permanent fund of knowledge, but this has proved to

be but a small part of the benefit that has been derived. Thousands of

people have just begun to find out how little they really know, and how

much they ought yet to learn, to satisfy their own ideas and notions as

to what is required to make one, not learned, indeed, but reasonably well

informed! And what they think they need to know, they feel sure that they

have now discovered how to learn, and have acquired habits of reading

and thinking which will make the processes easy and enjoyable, instead

of laborious and tiresome. They have already looked beyond bounds into

the green fields and pastures new of that which is best, most beautiful,

and grandest in the domain of thought, and suggestion, and philosophical

research and discovery, as brought out by poets, philosophers, statesmen

and philanthropists, and they are likely to pass through the Golden Gate

and out from the Temple on the hill into a still broader fraternity of

thought and action, whose limits will correspond with those of the world

itself.

* * * * *

A breezy letter from the plains of Dakota contains the following: “I

have been studying entirely alone, and have found the course a blessing

that can not be valued. Here, quite removed from society, while winter

winds howl round my cabin home, I find help, companionship and pleasure

in the studies of the dear ‘Home College.’ The most attractive corner of

my little room is the one where my beloved books lie on the home-made

shelves. My little ones love them too, and there is scarcely a time when

I need help but what I can find it in my books.”

* * * * *

One young lady from Massachusetts, who hopes to hear the “Chautauqua

Chimes,” writes: “I have a class of girls in Sunday-school, and want so

much the help I think I shall be able to find at Chautauqua. The course

has been just what I needed, and I know I have grown, mentally and

morally, since joining the C. L. S. C.”

* * * * *

This from a gentleman in Kansas: “If health will permit I hope to be one

to enter in under the Arches among the ‘Invincibles.’ I must be one of

the oldest of the ’85s. I was fifteen days old at the battle of Waterloo,

and, if I am spared till my next birthday, I shall have arrived at the

bounds allotted to man in the Bible.”

* * * * *

One ’85 writes: “I hope to receive my diploma at Chautauqua, but, I am a

busy mother with six children, and can not always plan so long ahead. I

have had the greatest pleasure and satisfaction in the course, for, with

a family of wide-awake boys and girls about me, I have found it is very

necessary to refresh myself and keep well informed on all subjects.”

* * * * *

One enthusiastic lady from Texas writes: “I have gathered through four

years of delightful reading an intellectual bouquet, whose fragrance

I hope to wear about me when I pass, not only through the Arches at

Chautauqua, but when I pass through the ‘Beautiful Gates’ to the

Celestial City.”

* * * * *

Another testifies: “I am one of the busy mothers and housekeepers who

pursue the C. L. S. C. course under numerous and varied difficulties, but

find my enthusiasm increasing as the four years draw to a close.”

* * * * *

From Massachusetts: “I intend to still ‘press on’ after I graduate—in

fact, I hope always to be a Chautauquan.”

* * * * *

Wisconsin contributes: “I like our motto and our name, and I love the C.

L. S. C. Though reading alone, it has always been an inspiring thought

that many thousands are reading the same course.”

* * * * *

Another: “I regret that the course is so nearly finished, but the spirit

it has awakened within me has enabled me to ‘Press on, reaching after

those things which are before.’”

CLASS OF 1886.—“THE PROGRESSIVES.”

“_We study for light, to bless with light._”

CLASS ORGANIZATION.

_President_—The Rev. B. P. Snow, Biddeford, Maine.

_Vice Presidents_—The Rev. J. T. Whitley, Salisbury, Maryland;

Mr. L. F. Houghton, Peoria, Illinois; Mr. Walter Y. Morgan,

Cleveland, Ohio; Mrs. Delia Browne, Louisville, Kentucky; Miss

Florence Finch, Palestine, Texas.

_Secretary_—The Rev. W. L. Austin, New Albany, Ind.

* * * * *

The “Progressives” of New England are true to their name, and most

encouraging reports are received from circles and those who are studying

alone. A young man teaching school in a remote village in Connecticut

writes: “I feel far below the standard of our class, but am determined to

do the best I can, God helping me. Leisure moments are delightfully spent

in reading or meditation. Hope to complete the course in 1886, and then

go on with extra readings.”

* * * * *

The class of 1886 is deeply bereaved by the removal to higher duties and

joys of a most worthy member, Mrs. Emma Webster Darling, wife of the Rev.

J. K. Darling, of Chelsea, Vermont. She died on the morning of Easter

Sunday.

* * * * *

One of our busy workers, A. M. T., of Ontario, Canada, has made an

attractive little devotional book, “My Work, or Conditional Promises,”

for every day in the month.

* * * * *

A young lady from Boston writes: “I have devoted to C. L. S. C. work

at least forty minutes every day since I have been a member, and would

gladly do more if time would allow.”

* * * * *

From the snow hills of Maine comes this cheerful testimony: “I sometimes

envy people their riches, but am thankful for the C. L. S. C. every day

of my life, for I am a farmer’s daughter, and so situated that I am

debarred from the enjoyments of most young people, and would often be

very lonely were it not for the books of the C. L. S. C.”

* * * * *

The Hopkinton tent, at Framingham, has been secured for headquarters, and

will be made comfortable. If the ladies of ’86 who contemplate visiting

Framingham next summer will remember that they are a “committee of

the whole” on decorations, the tent can doubtless be made homelike and

attractive at little expense. Bring something to brighten it, if only a

penny Japanese fan.

CLASS OF 1887.—“THE PANSIES.”

“_Neglect not the gift that is in thee._”

OFFICERS.

_President_—The Rev. Frank Russell, Mansfield, Ohio.

_Western Secretary_—K. A. Burnell, Esq., 150 Madison Street,

Chicago, Ill.

_Eastern Secretary_—J. A. Steven, M.D., 164 High Street,

Hartford, Conn.

_Treasurer_—Either Secretary, from either of whom badges may be

obtained.

_Executive Committee_—The officers of the class.

* * * * *

The New England Pansies seem to be more active of late than their fellow

blossoms farther west. The following report of their reunion represents

something of their enthusiasm: The New England branch of the class

of 1887 C. L. S. C. held its spring meeting in the chapel of Union

Congregational Church, Providence, April 3d, 1885. About one hundred

members were present. After a short time spent in social intercourse, the

meeting was called to order by the president, the Rev. F. M. Gardner, for

Rhode Island. The C. L. S. C. study song was sung, which was followed by

the secretary’s report of the meeting in Boston; the minutes were duly

approved. It was voted that the committee on headquarters be increased by

the addition of Mr. Jeffers, of Pawtucket, and Mrs. Morrill, of Allston.

Mr. Gardner, in his own bright manner, gave some account of the efforts

of the committee in preparing for class headquarters at Lakeview, and

stated reasons why the plan suggested at the Boston meeting should be

postponed, though not abandoned. Inasmuch as several members of our

class have been afflicted by the loss of loved ones from their homes,

it was voted that a committee be appointed to present resolutions at

this meeting expressing the sympathy of the class with them in their

bereavement. The musical and literary exercises were opened with a fine

piano solo, which was followed by a pleasing quartette. Then an address

on “The C. L. S. C. _vs._ Social Pastimes,” by the Rev. N. T. Dyer, of

Middleboro, was delivered. Mr. Dyer being unable to be present because

of illness, Mrs. Dyer most creditably took his place. The address was a

convincing statement of the advantages of the C. L. S. C., and could it

be circulated among those not interested in the course, would undoubtedly

influence many to enroll in the Circle. Mrs. Emily C. Fletcher, of

Pawtucket, read a poem written for the occasion, from which we extract

the following, referring to the influence of the C. L. S. C.:

“It has cleared the brow of discontent,

Made happy the lowly one,

Cheering the home and its social hall,

Enliv’ning the tasks begun.

“It takes from age the mournful thoughts,

That often the heart will shroud,

It lifts the life to a higher sphere,

Silvering ev’ry dark cloud.”

After music, and an address on Lakeview, resolutions of sympathy to those

of the circle who had met with bereavements were adopted. The association

then adjourned, after which a delightful reunion was enjoyed by the

members.

* * * * *

Two members of the class of ’87 have recently left us for the “better

life:” Miss Grace F. Cook, who died March 22, at Vilas, Wisconsin, after

a protracted illness, and Mrs. Rev. E. S. Osborne, of Kingston, New York,

who died at her home, March 16th.

CLASS OF 1888.—“THE PLYMOUTH ROCKS.”

“_Let us be seen by our deeds._”

CLASS ORGANIZATION.

_President_—The Rev. A. E. Dunning, D.D., Boston, Mass.

_Vice Presidents_—Prof. W. N. Ellis, 108 Gates Avenue, Brooklyn,

N. Y.; the Rev. Wm. G. Roberts, Bellevue, Ohio.

_Secretary_—Miss M. E. Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio.

_Treasurer_—Miss M. E. Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio.

All items for this column should be sent, in condensed form, to

the Rev. C. C. McLean, St. Augustine, Florida.

Class badges may be procured of either President or Treasurer.

* * * * *

Our circle in Ouray, Colorado, in the midst of the Rocky Mountains,

numbers ten. The picturesque spot where live these ’88s is about a day’s

journey from the railroad. They name themselves after the Indians,

“Uncompahgee,” who once wigwamed there. They have their “round-table,”

and keep up their weekly meetings.—Another circle, of three, has been

organized among the “Rockies,” at Gunnison, Colorado, and meets weekly.

Our ’88s have reached the Indian Territory. At Chouteau we have one hard

worker, who, having commenced in February, has nearly caught up with the

class.—At the confluence of the Missouri and Vermillion Rivers we have

an enthusiastic class of ten. Lawyers, teachers, journalists, milliners,

and busy wives, with a “Pansy” for the president, compose the class.

They conduct their class weekly, on the “conversational plan,” which

they claim affords grand opportunity for interchange of opinions and

sentiments.—A circle of five ladies and one lone gentleman compose the

“Clio,” of Clark, Dakota. So delighted are they that they never adjourn

for any other engagements.—The “Kankakee,” of Illinois, thirty-eight

regular and four honorary members, meets fortnightly. Their Shakspere

program was so full that a portion was postponed until the next meeting.

An honorary member has delighted them with an address upon “Water.”—The

twelve members of “Calumet,” Carthage, Ill., were favored with a visit

and instructive talk from Chancellor Vincent.—We were greatly surprised

to receive a letter from our old friend, the Rev. W. H. Hyatt, president

of our circle in Whiteland, Ind.—Ten young persons of Dubuque, Iowa,

compose the “Circle of Athens.” An excellent motto have they selected:

_Sapientiam petimus_. That their search for wisdom is eager is evinced by

the fact that they have in a most interesting manner pursued the studies

in spite of all allurements. The memorial days have been appropriately

observed, and Longfellow’s day celebrated by a banquet.—Seven constitute

“Alpha,” of Barnesville, Ohio. They began January 1, and have nearly

completed their studies. They expect to begin on time next year.—The

“Athena,” of Wanskuck, Providence, R. I., is composed of fifteen busy

people, who are delighted with the studies.—From the programs of the

“Hamilton,” of Lowell, Mass., we are satisfied that the forty members

are truly among our liveliest coming Chautauquans. They have largely

experimented in chemistry and electricity. This circle mourns the loss

of one of its best members in Mrs. Benjamin Robinson, who endeavored to

brave a New England storm, in order to attend one of the meetings, and

lost her life.—Seventeen regular and three honorary members represent

a circle in Joplin, Mo. Nothing but illness has caused an absence at

“roll call.” Once a week they follow Chautauqua program. Success has

marked their public as well as private meetings.—One from Maine has

taken fresh courage since reading Chancellor Vincent’s article in the

April CHAUTAUQUAN, “How to Work Alone.”—The “Riversides,” of Milford,

N. H. (eight members), have finished the year’s studies.—“Zeta Phi,” of

Buffalo, N. Y., are seven “zealous learners.” They observe all special

days, having essays upon given subjects.—A zealous lady of ’87 class

organized seven earnest and hopefuls into the “I. X. L.,” of Newport,

Ky.—Clamida (state not named) boasts of two enthusiastic circles. The

secretary of one strongly objects to our name, repudiating the idea that

we have anything in common with the “Pilgrim Fathers.” She is even tired

of a reference to their trials, and believes, with another, that the

“Pilgrim Mothers” are more worthy of “toasting,” closing with “Seriously,

why were we thus afflicted?”

THE CHAUTAUQUA UNIVERSITY.

A TEACHING METHOD.

BY PROF. RICHARD S. HOLMES, A.M.